Background and Aim: The aim of present study was to examine effect of attentional focus on balance performance and EMG activity of athletes.

Materials and Methods: The semi-dynamic balance task of 10 gymnasts (22.2±2.09 years old) with 3-5 years of experience in two periods, one in internal focus (focus on leg) and one in external focus (focus on stabilometer plate) was assessed. Postural sways were measuredby Biodexstabilometer and muscular activity of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were recorded using ME6000electromygram device. Data were analyzed using paired t- test.

Results : muscular activity for controlling posture was reduced in external focus condition than internal focus. Postural sways is more in internal focus condition than internal focus.

Conclusion: Research findings (enhanced performance and reduced EMG) showed that antinational focus conditions (internal or external) have significant effect on athletes balance performance. In conditions that attention is focused on external feedback and information (rather than focus on body itself) balance is enhanced and requirement to muscular activity will reduce.

Key words: Attentional focus, Electromyography, Semi-dynamic balance

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of perceptual – motor training on motor proficiency in children with hyperactivity disorder.

Materials and Methods: This study was semi-experimental. Fifty hyperactive children referred to Farabi hospital of  Kermanshah. Thirty patients (mean age, 8.8 years old) were randomly selected and examined in the control group were evaluated. The tools of the research were the Conners parent questionnaire, Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency. Firstly, the per-test was held for all participants. Then, the experimental group did the perceptual- motor activities for 2 months (24 sessions) and after this period, the post test was administered to both groups. Paired t-test and t-test were used to compare the means (P<0.01).

the significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores of experimental group,  Results: In motor proficiency (total subtests: running speed and agility, balance, bilateral coordination, strength, upper body coordination, response speed, visual controls - motor skills and a high-speed trunk) was found.

Conclusion: It seems that perceptual – motor training improves motor skills in children.

Keywords: Perceptual – motor training, ADHD, Motor proficiency, Gross motor skills, Fine motor skills.

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory-motor integration on Balance and Reaction time in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder( DCD). Motor developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a statement that the American Psychiatric Association was described for children who have difficulty in implementing some of the skills and competencies necessary to deal with the needs of the motor suffering their everyday lives, proposed locomotors.

Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental study. Twenty patients (mean age, 8.5years old) were randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control groups from the DCD children rehabilitation center in Kermanshah. Continuous performance test, test improved stork and test walk heel to toe were used. After the pretest, the experimental group had a protocol for 8 weeks, three sessions per week of 120 minutes exercise (Swinging, jumping on Trampoline, baby turn around, turn around and coach children). To investigate the differences between the groups and the effect of exercise, ANOVA with repeated measures design with 2 × 2 (two with double measurement) were used. Post hoc t-test and t-test was used to analyze differences within groups and between groups.

Results: The results showed that the experimental group showed a significant improvement in reaction time, dynamic and static balance. There was a significant difference at post-test in experimental group due to the extent of the practice.

Conclusion: Improvement in balance is more likely due to the increased proprioception and stability. It is also likely to reduce the reaction time of integrated activities due to the pre-movement or speed up of the processing of perceptual or cognitive.

Keywords:  Sensory-motor integration, Balance , Reaction time, DCD