Background and Aim: Language is one the most comprehensive human abilities that influenced by environment. Children learn language in different circumstances. Various circumstances and environments can influence on the development language rate. The purpose of this study is investigation of positive and negative influence of orphanage on language features and educational situation orphan children in first grade school.

Material and Method: This study was descriptive-analytic , case-control that performed on 21 girl & boys orphans( 8 girls and 13 boys)  in  Tehran city orphanages  and 21 girls& boys non - orphans (8 girls and 13 boys)their classmates .

The average age of orphans group was 90months and control group was 87 months. The Told and reading test was performed for all children (orphan and non - orphan). then obtained  the  average of 10 last  dictation scores .Then the  scores   of  2  test  was analyzed. All data were analyzed using spss, version 13.10 for windows, appropriate descriptive statistics  were used (mean, standard deviation  and  range) for duration  of life  in orphanage, Told  and Reading  scores .

We used  Pearson  correlation analysis for examining the  association  between  duration  of life  in orphanage and Tests scores. We compared the average of Told and Reading tests scores and dictation scores between orphan children and non - orphan children using a Independent Samples T- test.

Results: independent-samples  T- test  was performed  to compare  mean Told  and  Reading  tests  and dictation Scores between orphan children  and non - orphan children.. There were significant differences between their scores.

Conclusion& discussion: Findings suggests that orphan children in language features and educational situation were difference with non - orphan children. The orphanages couldn't prepare   circumstances like family and must do changes in their conditions and care giving structures.

Background and Aim: As the population of geriatrics increase, this group must be noticed from economical, vocational, therapeutic situations the majority of geriatrics has problems with their hands. These problems influence their activity of daily living, vocation and etc. The main goal of present study is to determine the relation between grip strength and dexterity in 25-45 and 65-85 years people.

Material and method: The grip strength and dexterity were administered to one hundred people aged between 25-45 and 65-85 years with a mean age of 53.61 years old (SD= 20.60). The grip strength and dexterity were evaluated 3 times, and data were analyzed with SPSS (V: 11.5).

Results: Mean of grip strength in group (25-45) year was more than group (65-85) year. In both groups the results of grip strength in men were more than women. We noticed that with increasing age the dexterity decrease and dexterity differences between group 25-45 and 65-85 years were statistically significant. Between men and women dexterity differences was not significant. The correlation between grip strength and dexterity was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study showed that dexterity is related with age and functional activities. Grip strength is related with age, occupation, gender. As the age increase these features of the hand decrease. But there isn't a correlation between grip strength and dexterity.