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Background and Aim: According to clinical observation, foot hyperpronation is very prevalent and may cause malalignment of the lower extremity in which can lead to structural and functional deficits in standing and walking. The aim of this study was to investigate of  foot hyperpronation effect on spine alignment in standing position.

Material and Method: Thirty-five healthy male ranging 18 - 30 years old were participated in this study. Evaluation was performed with two examiner in four standing positions (on the floor, on the wedges angled at 10, 15 and 20 degrees) using motion analysis system (zebris) and each one of measurement methods repeated three times. SPSS version 17.0 and paired t- test and repeated measures were used for statistical analysis.

Results: Significant difference was seen between all modes in sacral angle, pelvic inclination, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis variables (except between the first and second mode. Finally, with increasing wedge angle, a positive correlation obtained  for the examiners and all variables.

 Conclusions: The results of this study showed with increasing bilateral foot pronation, sacral angle, pelvic inclination, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were increased. In fact, each one of them considered a compensatory phenomenon.

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Background and Aim: The curves of the spine, especially lumbar lordosis, play an important role in the maintenance of an efficient upright posture and allow efficient absorption of the loads applied to the spinal column and increase the efficiency of the spinal musculature. Excessive lumbar postures, also called “hyperlordosis” and “hypolordosis” , are thought by some researchers to be indicative of altered muscle activity and stress patterns. Therefore tolerance of particular activities of daily living (ADL) of an individual with these postures is reduced. Despite the importance of neuromuscular control at spinal column maintenance and coordination, there are little investigations about the effect of thoracic and lumbar curvatures on trunk muscles activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate electromyographic behavior of trunk muscles in lordotic posture.

  

Materials and Methods: Twelve subjects with lordotic posture ( mean age 23.67 years, mean weight 56.67 kg, and mean height 162 cm) and eleven subjects with normal posture ( mean age 22 years, mean weight 59.36 kg, and mean height 164.91 cm) participated in this study. Subjects were asked to hold a load equivalent of 7% of her body weight.

  

Results: Data analysis indicated that there is not significant statistically difference in median frequency variable between two groups (p>0.05). But there is significant statistically differences at The percentage change in RMS of erector spinae and internal oblique muscles at three time periods between two groups. The percentage change in RMS of external oblique muscle has significant statistically difference at first and third time periods between two groups.

  

Conclusion: These finding reveal that excessive lumbar lordosis alter the activity levels of trunk muscles. Therefore, it seems that the use of posture correction exercises in therapeutic protocols is necessary for improvement of these changes. Also, it is recommended to do this research in dynamic tasks for attain of comprehensive information about the effect of postural deviation on electromyographic behavior of trunk muscles.

  

Keywords: Electromyography, Hyperlordosis, Posture, Prolonged load holding

  

  ^* Corresponding Author: Dr.AzadehShadmehr, Rehabilitation Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences

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Background and Aim : Pay attention to high prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women athletes and role of changes in lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt and the type and number of delivery factors on the incidence of Urinary Stress Incontinence also lack of studies in this problem about risk factors (Predisposing factors) in Iranian population, this study was designed to investigate the relationship between changes in lumbar curvature and pelvic tilt with SUI and to determine the type and parity on the incidence of this problem .

  

Materials and Methods : In this cross - sectional study through easy and available sampling, 17 volleyball player with SUI and 15 healthy volleyball player, aged 20-40 years old. Females after interview and taking demographic information participated in the study. The Persian questionnaire of ICIQ-UISF (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form) used to confirm the SUI. A flexible ruler and inclinometer were used to measure lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt .

  

Results: A statistically significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of the lumbar spine curvature (p< 0.001) and pelvic tilt (p = 0.02) respectively. Based on the findings, the number of delivery was no significant effect on the incidence of Stress Urinary Incontinence but there was significant relationship between type of delivery and SUI .

  

Conclusion: With significant difference in the lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in athletic women with and without SUI, also advised to emphasize on the epidemiological and etiological investigation studies of lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in patients with Stress Urinary Incontinence.

 

Key words: Stress urinary incontinence, Women athletes, Lumbo-pelvic posture

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Background and Aim: Incorrect backpack carrying with overload causes musculoskeletal pain in adolescents. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of unilateral carriage backpack with load condition on height, postural angels and gait pattern in rural children.

Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 20 healthy boys children (mean age 12.3±1.5 year) were selected randomly. Each of the subjects carried backpacks with 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% body weight with speed of 1.1(m/s) on treadmill for 30 minutes. We recorded with a videotape while children were walking on treadmill. Analyzing of cinematography of movies was done with Dartfish Software (version 7.7).

Results: Based on the results of this study, unilateral backpack carrying caused significant changes in height and trunk forward lean between 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% load conditions(P<0.05). But there were not significant changes between 10%, 15% body weights (P>0.05). Changes in knee lean angle were not significant between different weights (P>0.05).  But in step length between 0%, 10%, body weights were significant. Step frequency between 0%, 10%, and 10%, 15% load conditions were significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Analyzing of data showed that carriage backpack with load conditions resulted in decrease in height and increase in trunk forward lean. Also the load conditions increased knee lean angle significantly. Furthermore, the carriage of backpack with load conditions showed a significant increase in step length and step frequency.                                                                                                                

Keywords: Rural student, Unilateral backpack carrying, Posture, gait pattern

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Background and Aim: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is one of the most common postural disorders which related to current life style. This disorder may cause some changes in motor control of cervical muscles.

 

Materials and Methods: Eight subjects with Forward Head Posture and 8 matched healthy subjects wereParticipated. The kinematic and electromyographic activity of each subject was analyzed and the flexion- Relaxation phenomenon was determined.

 

Results: The results showed that the cessation of flexion-relaxation phenomenon was different between two groups (P<0.05). The result of Pearson correlation showed a significant positive correlation between Cranio-vertebral angle and cessation of the phenomenon (P<0.05).

 

Conclusion: The flexion- relaxation phenomenon was different in Forward Head Posture related to the healthy subjects and the concentric contraction was started with delay in the Forward Head Posture subjects. Therefore, the motor control and balance disorder may be seen in these subjects.

 

Keywords: Forward Head Posture, Flexion- Relaxation, Electromyography, Kinematic