Background and Aim :It has been well established in the Literature that some jobs are associated with C.T.S. excessive Force, repetitive task, Lack of rest and problems in the work place setup and tools are among the most common causes of the injuries.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation ship between C.T.S Leading to pressure syndromes with the jobs.

Material and Method: In this retrospective study 253 patients were selected from among 3817 patients. The questionnaires were completed using the appropriate information extracted from the patients. The data were analyzed using special Statistical programs.

Results: The results indicated that there was a correlation between the jobs of house wife, construction worker and office employee and C.T.S Leading to pressure syndromes. The causes of the injuries were similar to those reported in the literature excessive force, repetitive task, lack of rest and problems in the work place setup and tool design.

Conclusion& discussion: It is, therefore, concluded that most of the C.T.S can be easily prevented by appropriate training of the work-force and taking the safety measures in to consideration when designing the tools. In addition, ergonomic principle should be observed while setting up the work places.

Background and aim: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder, for which various conservative treatments have been suggested. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the iontophoretic effects of diclofenac and dexamethasone on patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Materials and Methods: Twelve hands from seven patients between 30 to 60 years of old (Mean=45.9 SD±8.3) were treated with pre-designed splint and iontophoresis. Four hands were treated with dexamethasone sodium phosphate and eight other hands had iontophoretic administration of sodium diclofenac. Cock-up splints were used for the patients during the course of treatment and 2 weeks follow up. Treatment continued for ten sessions during two weeks. They were advised not to take oral or parenteral anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical symptom severity (SSS) and functional status (FSS) as well as visual analogue (VAS) scales were evaluated after iontophoretic treatment and two weeks follow up. Electrophysiological parameters such as distal sensory & motor latencies, amplitudes, nerve conduction velocities (NCV) were measured.

Results: Diclofenac group showed significant improvement in SSS score and sensory electrophysiological parameters of median nerve (P<0.05). Although, in dexamethasone group VAS and SSS scores decreased but there were no statistical significant differences in any intervals. With Comparison between two groups showed significant difference in distal motor latency after following up with more improvement in dexamethasone iontophoresis group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Above findings showed efficacy of splint and iontophoretic administration of sodium diclofenac in treatment of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Although dexamethasone group showed no significant change, previous researches suggested the efficacy of ionophoretic administration of this anti-inflammatory medicine in clinical symptoms' improvement. Therefore, the lack of enough participants may be considered as a source for present results in this group. Although comparison between two groups, showed significant difference in distal motor latency after follow up (singnificant results in dexamethasone) but, due to small number of cases in follow up period, the validity of these results is questionable. Further researches are needed to confirm this difference.

Background and Aim: Forces imposed on body members even on light working condition, may gradually result in damages caused by working. Persons engaged at goods sales centers including cashiers, may be to catch exhaustion and neuromuscular damage due to repetition of their wrist, elbow and shoulder joints movement. The aim of this research is to assess the relation between the work factors and personal characteristic in possibility of the above symptoms.
Materials and methods: The questioners form propounded at Stanford university question were asked and coded based on the target group, and having been reviewed and surveyed were later used in this research. This questioner included parts such as recording the personal characteristics, history of illnesses, clinical diagnosis and evaluation of the work environment and the hand tools. Selected individuals were randomly employed at goods sales centers from five geographical districts of Tehran.
Results: The most complaint of employees was pain and dysfunction in upper limbs, neck and shoulder. Half of subjects had carpal tunnel syndrome.
ength of work time and employment duration at sales centers increase probability of neck and shoulder pain.
Conclusion: The profession of cashiering at sales centers is one of the most stress causing jobs on the peripheral joints of upper limb, so that the lengths of working in this position and the amount of activity have a positive effect on the increase of neuromuscular disorder. Apply of correct pattern of using the tools and the equipment in this work environment could substantially control the negative effects of this type of job. The most of complains expressed by individuals taking part in this research have been related to sign and symptoms of involvement of median nerve in the wrist and referral pain in the neck, shoulder and arm.