Alireza Monadi Sefidan, Reza Afrisham,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Aug 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Previous studies have shown that viral and host miRNAs play a role in the process of controlling or progressing the disease and can even be considered as therapeutic targets. Accordingly, the present review study was designed to evaluate the role of host miRNAs and Covid-19 virus in the disease process.
Materials and Methods: The current study was a review study that was conducted during 2012-2022. Studies were extracted from PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus scientific databases. The researchers selected relevant resources and a summary of them was presented in this review.
Results: The present review study showed that some host miRNAs such as miR-23b-5p, miR-200c, and miR-125a-5p had an inhibitory effect on ACE2 receptor, while miR-3909, miR-4677, and miR-133a had a stimulatory effect on this receptor. Furthermore, host miR-98-5p had an inhibitory effect on TMPRSS2 gene expression. On the other hand, host miR-146a, miR-21, and miR-142 induced inflammation through MAPK and NF-Ƙβ signaling. While, host miR-124, miR-410, and miR-1336 inhibited factor STAT3 and prevented inflammation. Furthermore, host miR-302b and miR-372 targeted the mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), resulting in silencing of type 1 interferon signaling. It has also been established that host exosomal miR-7-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-145-5p, and miR-223-3p inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2 and the expression of S protein and their decreased expression in elderly and Diabetic subjects was associated with decreased inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Moreover, viral miR-359-5p regulated the expression of MYH9 (non-muscle myosin heavy chain 9), which caused virus invasion and release in the host cell.
Conclusion: This study showed that many miRNAs play a role in controlling or progressing the disease of Covid-19 and it is possible to treat the disease of Covid-19 by changing the expression of viral and host miRNA. However, more research is needed in this regard.
Ali Mawla Gawwam Al Meyyah, Hamid Jaddoa Abbas, Reza Afrisham, Nahid Einollahi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by an elevated blood glucose level, resulting from impairments in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both; which causes abnormalities in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and lipids. Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of various organs. Adropin and irisin are newly described proteins that can be an essential component in the pathophysiological pathways of diabetes mellitus. The current study was designed to evaluate Irisin and Adropin biochemical markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their correlation with risk factors.
Materials and Methods: A case control study, that included 90 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 90 healthy individuals, who matched for both age and sex with patients. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, serum insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), irisin and adropin were measured at the chemistry laboratory of AL-Faihaa teaching Hospital by standard methods.
Results: Serum irisin (8.154±1.642 vs. 14.06±3.916 ng/ml) and adropin (25.39±8.897 vs. 59.43±8.768 pg/ml) levels were significantly lower in the patient group than in the control cases, respectively (P.value<0.0001). Serum adropin levels were significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.236, P=0.025) and negatively with BMI (r=-0.209, P=0.048). While, serum irisin levels were significantly and negatively correlated with TG (r=-0.248, P=0.018). Based on ROC analysis, the AUC for irisin was 0.937 (95% CI: 0.906-0.969), which showed a sensitivity of 91.1% and a specificity of 80.0% at the cut-off of 9.715 (P<0.0001). In addition, the AUC for adropin was 0.991 (95% CI: 0.980-1.00), which showed a sensitivity of 100.0% and a specificity of 91.1% for this biomarker at a cut-off of 37.945 (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: Our findings showed that the serum levels of irisin and adropin were lower in the patient group than in the control group. Probably, the reduction of adropin and irisin may be used as a biomarker to predict the risk of T2DM, which requires more studies in this regard.
