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Design and Usability Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Self-Care Application Based on Android
Marjan Ghazi Saeedi, Mohammad Amin Abbasi Eslamloo, Kobra Darabiyan, Elham Ataei,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the continuous progress in medicine, COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is still a progressive, incurable and chronic respiratory condition that limits the patients’ functions in various dimensions, and significantly reduce their quality of life. In this way, self-care of patients and the use of related tools have a significant effect in disease control and treatment. The purpose of this research was design and development of an android-based application for COPD.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive developmental type with a practical approach. Initially, based on the study of library resources, guidelines, and the examination of the medical records of COPD inpatients in Firouzabadi Hospital, a questionnaire was designed to identify the information requirements, data items and features of the application. Then it was reviewed and finalized by a sample of 10 (randomized and convenience sampling) internal and lung specialist doctors in Firouzabadi and Hazrat Rasool hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, and then scenario tables and UML diagrams were illustrated to show the overall flow of the application. The application was designed and developed using the Java programming language in the Android Studio 2021 platform. After installing the application on the mobile phones of ten COPD patients of the internal and pulmonary clinic of Firouzabadi Shahre Rey Hospital, and using it for a week, the opinions of the patients about the usability of the application were collected through the QUIS questionnaire, and analyzed. 
Results: Application sections were determined following experts’ survey, personal information items, clinical information, disease management, reporting, and training points, which were provided to patients after design for use and evaluation. At the end of the research, the results of the evaluation of the usability and satisfaction level of the application showed that from the patients’ point of view, the application is at a good level with an average score of 1.8 (out of 10 points).
Conclusion: The developed self-care application can be used to increase awareness, help to manage the disease, increase the level of quality of life, and reduce the complications and disease burden for patients with COPD.
 

Comparison of the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl with Midazolam and Sufentanil for Anesthesia after Phacoemolsification: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Zahra Ataei Barazandeh, Behzad Imani, Erfan Aubi, Elham Soltani, Mohamadreza Ebadian,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cataract surgery is one of the most common eye surgeries worldwide. Most individuals undergoing this surgery are elderly patients, and the use of general anesthesia and additional medications can lead to complications during and after the surgery, as well as increased costs for patients. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of intravenous Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl, as well as Midazolam and intravenous Sufentanil, on pain intensity, hemodynamic status, surgeon satisfaction, and the level of sedation in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients who were candidates for cataract surgery at Farshchian Sina Hospital in Hamadan. Sampling was carried out from March 10, 2023 to August 21, 2024. The intervention group received Dexmedetomidine and intravenous fentanyl, while the control group received midazolam and Sufentanil. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation level, were measured. Pain intensity, surgeon satisfaction, and the level of sedation in patients were measured and recorded. The results of the research utilized qualitative and quantitative variables based on the study groups, using counts (percentages) and means (standard deviations). For the statistical analysis of these variables at baseline, chi-square tests and independent t-tests were employed. To assess the impact of treatment groups on pain throughout the study, repeated measures ANOVA was used, and the interaction between time and group was evaluated. In cases where the outcome variable under study was not normally distributed, non-parametric equivalents such as the Mann-Whitney test were applied. A significance level of P-Value<0.05 was considered. All statistical tests were conducted using Stata software.  
Results: In the intervention group, heart rate and blood pressure decreased over time. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure had no effect on the patients’ recovery process. Oxygen saturation level in the intervention group did not change compared to the control group over time. The medication used in the intervention group did not cause shortness of breath or a decrease in oxygen saturation levels. Additionally, there was no significant difference in pain levels between the two groups. The level of sedation in patients and surgeon satisfaction in the intervention group was higher than the control group.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, it is recommended to use Dexmedetomidine in cataract surgery and other surgeries that require sedation.

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