Journal of

Background and Aim : Creation of knowledge management (KM) and efforts to use it in the university research programs shows the university society activity to enhance intellectual qualities and improve this effectiveness of the universities on the development and advancement in the countries. The objective of present study was to evaluate the status of organizational culture and structure for implantation of KM in the central libraries of the medical science universities in Iran.

Materials and Methods:The present work is an applied research and descriptive-analytic study.  The survey population consisted of 80 people who were directors or managers of 29 central libraries in medical science universities. Data collection method was used based on the questionnaire.  The validity was checked by researchers and reliability Cronbach's alpha (>0.7). The data & information were analyzed with descriptive statistics and independent t-test by SPSS software package ver. 15.

Results: The findings showed that the status of "organizational structure" of KM in these libraries was intermediate, whereas "organizational culture" was in the suitable status. Also in the libraries in which decentralization, revision in knowledge sharing process and Internal Network for knowledge sharing is adopted, higher organizational culture as compared with  other libraries, and have significant differences in them (p<0.05).

Conclusions: The result of present work is a proof for willingness and propensity of the Iranian librarians and their managers in the process of knowledge sharing and utilization of KM is at the proper level. Therefore, the authorities should provide the necessary structures and other complementary backgrounds for the utilization of KM in Iranian university libraries.

Background & Aim: Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is an extensive ontology of biomedical knowledge developed and maintained by U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM). Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) does not have any position in the structure of metathesaurus of UMLS. The main aim of this study was designing a scheme of TIM cluster's crotch mapping in the structure of metathesaurus of UMLS. Moreover, the TIM position and its proportion in the domain of vocabulary and concepts of universal medical knowledge was another aim of this study.

Materials and Methods: System analysis was the method of this study. To investigate structure of UMLS metathesaurus, and to survey lacking of TIM cluster's crotch, we applied UMLS Knowledge Source (KS) by using inductive, deductive, inductive-deductive approaches. 

Results: One Concept Unique Identifier (CUI) two synonym terms with Lexical Unique Identifier (LUI), L0025131 and L6330122 two ancestor and parent concept nine concepts which with TIM crotch were the child concepts of two ancestor and parent eighteen sibling concepts six narrower and five other related found concepts were identified for the proposal TIM crotch mapping in metathesaurus of UMLS. In addition, we found the "Biomedical Occupation or Discipline" semantic type assigned to it.

Conclusions: Current domain of metathesaurus of UMLS does not represent complete and formal domain and position of TIM. Therefore, this metathesaurus needs to depict a domain and position for TIM.

Background And Aim: Nowadays university websites are very important in information services. There fore university has designed website for categorizing and availability of mass of information . This study accomplish to purpose evaluated of Tehran university of medicine sciences website base on webometrics criteria on 2008 .

Materials and Methods: This survey have been used link analysis methods by four criteria : visibility , size , rich file and google scholar . The situation of Tehran university of medicine sciences website has surveyed . Data gathering tools at webometrics survey are search engines . Data are gathering at google , yahoo, live search and exalead search engine . For data analysis used Excel software.

Results: Findings showed that , visibility of Tehran university of medicine sciences website with 9562 inlinks are weak , nevertheless published research at google scholar with 12100 articles , have suitable ranked in region and world. also size of university website depended to indexing of search engine , web of university often indexing at google and yahoo , less than at live search and exalead .10813 pages published at Rich files format on google , website of university tend to publish rich files as format of .pdf and then .Doc and .ppt . Average load time for tums with 4.2 second is not desirable.

Discussion and Conclusion: Number of papers and citations for tums domain at google scholar is very good at world and middle east. Number of pages recovered from Google, Yahoo in Persian language are optimum but pages from Live Search and Exalead in English language is not favorable . The total number of unique external links received to tums website from Iranian university website is good but from international and information institution is low .

Background and Aim: Citation could be considered as basis of scientific researches. Each researcher will use citation to prove his scientific findings either to be in correspondence with truth or to familiarize readers with more references. Maintenance and continuation of informational link by citation is essential. Theses are not exceptional for this subject. This study was done to review the accuracy of cited articles of specialized theses (Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1386) and the rate of correspondence with Vancouver style.

Materials and Methods: Citation analysis is used as study approach. By systematic sampling and Morgan table 357 cited articles were selected to review for accuracy of citation and their correspondence with Vancouver style. Six studied factors are as following: Name of author(s), title of article, title of journal, year of Publishing, volume number, number of pages. Citation errors are divided in to two main groups: 1-Minor errors 2-Major errors. Method of sampling is direct observation. Data was entered in a check list, based on Taylor division. SPSS(11.0) software was used to analysis.

Results: Out of all 357 reviewed cited articles, totally 111.4% citation errors were observed and only 136 (38.09%) of citations had no error and 221(62%) citations had errors. 9.8% of citations fully corresponded with Vancouver style.

Discussion and Conclusions: Main reasons of dissatisfying results of citation errors and rate of correspondence with Vancouver style are as follows: Student's unawareness of importance of scientific researches consistence Laxity of students about citification produce, inaccessibility to original references and copy of other sources. Teacher's less emphasis on accuracy of citation, carelessness of educational universities about accuracy of citation in thesis, not use of experts and specialized librarians for consultation, being not familiar with reference management software.

Background and Aim: The major tasks of libraries is collecting information resources in appropriate shapes for clients needs and organize resources for making them available. This study has been done to review this status in school and hospital libraries of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: This is survey descriptive research. Method statistical population consisted of all college and hospital libraries of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Intrument data collection was a questionnaire that its resiability and validity was measured Setting tables and getting percentages is performed as the Average measures in Excel spss version 12 programes.

Results: The highest rate of bachelores and masteres in libraries organized sector (more than 62 percent) belong to the libraries professionals. Staffes of 7 libraries (32 percent)are familiar with abstract and indexing services and staff is of more than 45 percent of libraries (more than 10 libraries) are familiar with a variety of subject headings and thesauri .

Conclusion: Low percentage of the average organization also show little attention in organizing some non-book materials. Low percentage of librarians orientation with abstracting and indexing services and also thesauri (45%) are the reason for this little attention.

Background and Aim: The international book fair is an opportunity for school libraries. This study was conducted to determine the role of the Tehran international book fair to provide books for school libraries.

Materials and Methods: The study is a descriptive survey. Employees and authorities worked in libraries affiliated to Tehran and Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities consisted the study population. Sample size included 41 individuals(26 staff and 15 officials). For data analysis descriptive statistics by using one sample t- test, chi square, ANOVA and correlation were used.

Results: The highest average score dedicated to choose books in school libraries was a scale of a 3/35± 0/89. With an average score of 3/06±0/07, the role of International book fair in supplying books for school libraries was moderate. Correlation test showed that problems of school libraries had the highest correlation(r=0/36) while the lowest correlation was related to the possibility of book supply(r =0/067).

Conclusion: The international book fair does not have an effective role in supplying books for school libraries. It is necessary to use new approaches to supply books for academic libraries.

Background and Aim: Citation is one of the journals ranking factors. Self-Citation rates regarding journals `performance, especially in international databases, is important. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of Journal self-Citation on Impact Factor of Iranian English medical journals indexed in the Web of Science and Islamic World Science Citation Center.

Materials and Methods: The Impact Factor of 12 journals in WoS and 26 in ISC were studied during years 2006-2009 using citation analysis and Journal self-Citation. Self-Citation rate were calculated using cited journals and citing journals tables in ISC. Wilcoxon test and Mann-whiteny test were used for comparison of self-citation rate between two databases. In order to determine any correlation between journal self-citation and IF in WoS, Pearson test was used. In ISC, Spearman test was performed. For comparison of two correlations test, Covariance test was used.

Results: No significant difference between Journal self-citation rates in two databases was noted(p>0.05).There was a significant correlation between Journal self-citation and Impact Factor in WoS(p=0.007, r=0.64). The correlation was not statistically significant in ISC(p>0.05, rsp =0.23). There was not any significant difference between the relations of Journal self-citation and impact factor in two databases(p=0.526).

Conclusion: Attention to the Journal self-citation rates for comparison of Journal Impact Factor in WoS is more important than attention to the comparison of these journals between two Databases.

Background and Aim: Motivation and satisfaction of manpower are the most important variables in the field of organizational behavior and because of the strong relationship between these two variables with the job and organization productivity, it’s necessary to look job characteristics as increasing factor of employee satisfaction and performance in redesigning jobs. The objective of this study was determining motivating potential score (MPS) of the jobs and survey the relation between MPS and job satisfaction in staff employees of educational and research deputy of TUMS (Tehran University of Medical Science).

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. The research context was to staff employee of education and research deputy of TUMS. Sampling frame of the study was simple random sampling. Data collection method was a questionnaire. Reliability of the questionnaire was ascertained with pilot study with and confirm with Cranach's Alpha. T-test and Pearson correlation were the analytical methods.

Results: The results showed the jobs of the study population have skill variety, task identity, task significance and potential motivation but haven't job authority and feedback. The findings showed there was significant relation between motivating potential power and its dimensions with the job satisfaction ( P<0.05 ).

Conclusion : The job characteristic have great impact on the job satisfaction so this model can be used for redesigning the jobs to increase job satisfaction.

 Background and Aim: Defensive medicine is a potential social problem which can bring about consequences for public health regarding the quality of personal care and wastage of limited health resources. In this study, the frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors was examined among general practitioners of Kerman city.

 Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners in the city of Kerman. As data collection instrument, a questionnaire was given to a sample of 100 subjects. The obtained data were entered into SPSS 20 and analyzed using such descriptive statistics as frequency percentage and mean, and applying analytical tests such as chi-square and t-test.

 Results: In this research, 100 general practitioners were studied. The frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behavior was 99% and 47%, respectively. Besides, the positive defensive medicine behavior in men was more than that in women (100% vs. 97.2%) on the contrary, the negative defensive medicine behavior in women was more than that in men (52.8% vs. 43.8%). Explaining in more detail about taking medicines properly and on time and avoiding the prescription of risky behaviors which might be useful to patients had the highest frequency among positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors, respectively.

 Conclusion : The present study showed that the frequency of defensive medicine was high in the studied population and that the application of factors related to this phenomenon by the participants of the present study was prevalent.

 Background and Aim: In order to better design an electronic health record system in the country, determining standardized data elements for creating an integrated information system is important. In this study, the minimum data set of radiology reporting system is determined.

 Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 13 radiologists, 3 anesthesiologists, 3 general practitioners and 3 insurance experts working in the Imaging Center of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran were chosen. The research tool was a questionnaire having 11 parts. Content validity and test-retest method were used to measure the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, respectively. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

 Results: The highest means reported were radiologists' written explanations and suggestions (9.6), image interpretation (9.5), the name of contrast material (9.4), the name of imaging procedure (9.3) type and date of previous measures (9.1), and the final diagnosis (9) and the lowest averages belonged to referring physician's address (4.8), relationship between patients and the primary individual insured (4.3), and religion (2.2).

 Conclusion: In an electronic health record system, due to the importance of radiology reports for the diagnosis and future management of a patient's clinical problems, it is necessary to pay attention to the minimum set of data related to these reports such as administrative, insurance, patient identity, and clinical data, and the results of radiological examinations for exchanging with electronic health record system.

Background and Aim: Online submission and peer review systems are formal channels of communication among authors, journal editorial boards, and reviewers. The review process starts after authors submit their manuscripts. The aim of this study is to examine the online article submission and peer review systems in terms of the capability in medical journals of Iranian Ministry of Health, and Medical Education. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive survey study, 199 approved Iranian medical journals were examined so that the characteristics of online submission and peer review systems could be investigated. To study author role features, a checklist was developed by the researcher. The data were analyzed by SPSS 18 and Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: The online submission and peer review systems considered in this study had most (84%) of the features of the author role. Among the systems reviewed, Kowsar system had the highest number of features. Conclusion: The results show that the studied systems consider some, but not all, of the required features. To meet the maximum required features of the author role, it seems necessary to take all standard research criteria into account

Background and Aim: Requisite to achieve a correct understanding of the meaning and purpose traditions In addition to the general regulations of understanding human speech, the application of certain rules and regulations "Methodology of  understand traditions" can be interpreted. The Principle of methodology of understand those traditions at odds with the theory (philosophical hermeneutics) who believe that the text should not be understood to mean the process of achieving text through the systematic understand. But, the interpreter has always been faced with a prior grasp with text and following the disclosure of the before understanding had about the text.

Materials and Methods: This was a review study that induced by library texts and search engines in order to identify and analysis of the related different references.

Results: Refer readers to specific individuals by the Ahl al-Bayt to achieve the correct meaning and intent and lawful of traditions the best evidence of systematic understanding of the traditions and the traditions of medicine.

Conclusion: Proof the above principle as the basis to understand the traditions must have a hand in self- traditions, both internal and external characteristics including "there are different levels of meaning", "similarity", "manuscripts", "application" and other characteristics have to searched. On the other hand, return to the traditional reasons that to explicitly methodology of understand of these religious texts were approved. Traditions indicating the logic of understanding that is includes traditions such as "supply of mutashabihat on the mhkmat", "supply of traditions on the verses and certain of traditions". The narrative implies the use of Ahl al-Bayt from the principles of common sense is the some of these reasons.

Background and Aim: Safety is an important component in the quality of health care that lack of attention to it leads to harmful results. This study was conducted to estimate the safety management status in selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 
Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science in 2012. Data collection was performed through a valid and reliable questionnaire (Safety management) involved 112 questions in 3 parts: organization, safety and event committee’s management, investigation of organization and hospital’s structure and evaluation standards for surgery rooms by safety management views, in 5 options of Likert criteria. SPSS software frequency, mean and standard deviation and Kruskal–Wallis were used for statistical analysis of data’s.
Results: In the evaluation of the hospital organization factor and its structure from safety management approach, each hospital’s organizational structure form safety management view was in a suitable condition (72.50). The result also showed that in respect to evaluation of surgery rooms for safety management, the highest average of calculated score was for hospitals number 1 (90.00) and the lowest was related to hospital number 4 (69.09). 
Conclusion: According to the results, safety in hospital was in an acceptable level. But it seems that continuous monitoring and safety management training courses is essential.

Background and Aim: Today journals are one of the main platforms to exchange information between researchers. This study aimed to assess the status of Approved Latin indexing journals in the field of medical science citation indexes Web of Science and Scopus databases.
Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Statistical population of the study was 83 titles Latin journals approved by the Ministry of Health that examined indexing situation of them in Web of science and Scopus databases between the years 2005-2010. Data collection tool was a controlled checklist that was established by consult with experts and specialists in related areas and its reliability was estimated 90 percent. Data were analyzed using the software spss16.
Results: Survey the status of journals showed that slightly less than 26 percent of titles indexed in Web of Science. Also in Scopus Citation Index 69 percent of journals was indexed. Compare criteria for indexing journals in Web of Science and Scopus database show that bibliography information of not indexed journals considered and in some journals (29/30 percent) number of international standards were not mentioned. Also, some journals contact information (postcode publication 9 percent) was not included.
Conclusion: In general, it was observed that despite the enormous growth of scientific journals between examined years, terms of adaption with the criteria of indexing are in unfavorable condition and managers of Latin scientific journals should try to improve their quality and quantity.