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Public Awareness and Practice regarding Social Emergency in Kerman, Iran: An Online Questionnaire-Based Survey
Samira Sadat Pourhosseini, Nozar Nakhaee, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Reyhane Saljooghinejad,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Social emergency is intervention programs aimed at preventing social problems by managing social crises. Public awareness of this program plays a crucial role in mitigating such problems. This study aimed to assess the level of public awareness and practice regarding social emergency services.
 Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. A total of 706 urban residents of Kerman participated. The data collection tool comprised four sections: demographic information, awareness of social emergency services, awareness of examples of social problems, and practice when encountering social problems.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 36 years, and the majority (70.3%) were women. Regarding awareness, 71% of participants had poor knowledge of social emergency, and 86.7% demonstrated poor awareness of examples of social problems. Additionally, 44.2% exhibited inadequate practice when encountering social problems. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between awareness of social emergency services and both performance and higher education. Individuals with adequate awareness exhibited, on average, 2.28 times better performance than those with inadequate awareness. Similarly, individuals with higher education had, on average, 3.68 times better awareness as compared to those with less than a high school diploma. A significant relationship was also found between awareness of social problems indicators and marital status. Married individuals demonstrated, on average, 0.56 times lower awareness as compared to single individuals. Furthermore, gender and education level were significantly associated with performance. Men’s performance levels were, on average, 1.42 times better than women’s. Additionally, individuals with university and high school education exhibited, on average, 4.22 and 3.47 times better performance, respectively, than those with less than a high school diploma.
Conclusion: Given the poor public awareness of social emergency, there is an urgent need for programs aimed at raising awareness about social problems and the role of social emergency in supporting victims.

Comparison of Sleep Quality in Dialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients
Marzieh Latifi, Elahe Pourhossein, Amirhesam Alirezaei, Tannaz Hajialireza Tehrani, Maryam Pourhossein, Sanaz Dehghani,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Sleep disorders are strongly associated with physical, mental, social health, as well as cognitive functioning. This study aimed to compare the quality of sleep between individuals on kidney transplant waiting list and kidney transplant recipients to develop an appropriate program to improve their health and quality of life.
Materials and Methods: This cross sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 196 patients, including 100 patients who registered on the kidney transplant waiting list and 96 kidney transplant recipients at the Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Convenience sampling was used. Patients completed a standardized Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to assess sleep quality. The self-reporting method was used to complete the questionnaires. Clinical and demographic data were collected from patients’ medical files of Sina Hospital by kidney transplant coordinators. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with a significance level set at less than 0.05.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 47 years, with an age range between 18 and 69 years. Sixty-eight-point Thirty-six percent of the patients were male. Based on results, no significant difference was found between patients in kidney waiting list to kidney transplanted patients in demographic variables (age, gender, marital status, number of children, job, level of education, cause of kidney disease). According to independent T- test, the mean score of sleep quality of patients on the waiting list and kidney transplant recipients was (7.75±3.55) and (4.54±3.57), respectively, indicting the significant differences between two groups (P<0.001). Also, the Pearson correlation test reveals a significant positive correlation between age and sleep quality (P=0.038, r=0.612), and a significant negative correlation between duration of dialysis and the average sleep score (P=0.040, r=-0.062). 
Conclusion: It is essential to emphasis attention to the quality of sleep in kidney patients, especially during the pre-transplant and dialysis era.
Additionally, kidney transplantation can be considered an effective solution for improving sleep quality and reducing complications related to kidney failure, although some patients continue to experience sleep problems after the transplant.

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