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Abdollah Reihani Yasavoli , Seyed Saeed Tabatabaee , Mehdi Moghadasian, Shamsodin Nazemi , Hamid Shahbahrami, Rohollah Kalhor,
Volume 8, Issue 6 (3-2015)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Purchasing hospital equipment is one of the most important decisions made by managers and health professionals. Gray systems theory is an approach to deal with issues under uncertainty conditions where decision makers are facing a small number of unspecified data. The purpose of this paper is to apply the gray theory for the purchase of anesthesia machine .

Materials and Methods: This study was a survey in which mathematical analysis was used. Data collection devices included documents, interviews and questionnaires. In order to solve multiple criteria decision making in uncertain conditions, a model based on gray system theory was used. Data analysis was performed using Excel software.

Results: The findings show that among anesthetic equipment bought by public and private hospitals, brand A is superior to other brands. However, the gray possibility degree for the other brands is significantly different from brand A.

Conclusion: In addition to helping to purchase anesthetic equipment for hospitals, the results of this study are also useful for companies manufacturing medical equipment to evaluate their situation in terms of the studied criteria and take appropriate measures to develop their strengths and improve their weaknesses.


Majid Sadeghpour, Ehsan Estabraghi , Alireza Mokhtari , Sepideh Reihani ,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Milk is a suitable environment for most microorganisms. Pollution in the suckling production chain and its implementation result in unsatisfactory sanitation, long-term transportation, and the lack of facilities for storing milk. The purpose of the study was to identify and control the effects of common microorganisms of mast infections and their role in the transmission of diseases with milk as a major contribution to storage and, finally, the transmission of these pathogenic infections to humans.
Materials and Methods: A total of 450 raw milk samples from traditional and industrial plants were collected around the city of Tehran. In order to determine the identity of the bacteria, their transmission to a differential culture, was used standard microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Disc diffusion).
Results: The results of biochemical experiments were conducted on 225 isolates from isolation and diagnosis of bacteria in raw milk, antibiotic susceptibility test in accordance with CLSI 2010 standard guidelines. Antibiotics of tylosin and streptomycin with the highest antibiotic resistance were 221 (98.2%) and 217 (96.5%), respectively, which were most susceptible to the tetra delta and ciprofloxacin respectively (0%, 100%) and 15 (6.7%) bacterial resistance cases were observed.
Conclusion: According to the present situation and the results obtained, the level of contamination obtained from traditional and industrial livestock is still high.  Although regular mastitis and infections are commonly found by specialists, but the contamination caused by milking and collecting is higher than normal values. The frequent use of antibiotics and the resulting resistance has provided a very important and controversial problem.


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