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Background and Aim: Salmonellosis is a gastroenteritis caused by different serotypes of Salmonella and is the most common type of food poisoning in the world. The purpose of this research study is to optimize the conventional method for the isolation of Salmonella SPP from the diarrheic specimens of children.

Materials and Methods: Stool specimens were obtained from one hundred patients admitted to Children's Medical Center for diarrhea. The enrichment media were prepared by 3 methods: Rappaport Vassiliadis broth (RV), Tetrathionate broth (TT), and Selenite Cystine broth (SC). Then, for the isolation of Salmonella SPP, the enrichment methods RV and TT were used and incubated at 42° C, and SC at 37° C. After 24 hours of incubation, the enrichment samples were inoculated into the following 6 different media: Hektone Enteric agar (HE), Rambach agar (RA), CHROMagar Salmnella (CHROMagar Salmonella), Brilliant Green agar (BG), Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS), and Xylose-Lysine-Deoxycholate agar (XLD).

Results: In total, 13 out of one hundred samples were identified as Salmonella SPP. All of these 13 Salmonella SPP samples (i. e., 100%) were positive on RV broth the figures were 8 (61.5%) and 3 (23%) on SC and TT broths, respectively. The highest amount of isolation was found by the combination of RV broth and RA agar (100%). The lowest rate, however, was obtained by the combination of TT agar and BG broth (15.4%).

Conclusion: The comparison results of 3 enrichment media and 6 selective media showed that the mixture of RV broth and RA agar would be very fine for the isolation of Salmonella SPP.

Background and Aim: A vast majority of clinical specimens are contaminated with Klebsiella species. The drug resistance among Klebsiella species is increasing day by day therefore, antibiotic senility test is necessary before prescribing antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the antibiotics resistance patterns of Klebsiella species isolated from clinical specimens of patients using the standard Kirby-Bauer method.

Materials and Methods: The present research was performed on 300 specimens of Klebsiella collected from Imam Khomeini hospital. After identification, drug resistance was investigated through the standard CLSI procedure. The drug sensitivity test was determined for all of the 12 antibiotics using standards of disk diffusion in agar Kirby-Bauer.

Results: The frequency rates of the isolated Klebsiella species were: pneumonia(94%), oxytoca(4%), ozaenae(1%), and rhinoscleromatis(1%). Moreover, in terms of source of infection, the collected samples in order of frequency were: urine, sputum, vagina, scar, stool, and blood, respectively. Altogether, the percentage rates of resistance were as follows: Ampicillin(97%), Amoxycillin(97%), Cefalotin(39%), Gentamicin(30%), Colistin(55%), Nalidixic acid(2%), Chloramphenicol(26%), Kanamycin(17%), Tetracycline(28%), Nitrofuration(44%), Ceftazidime(2%), and Amikacin(0%).

Conclusion: The results showed that the lowest resistance rate obtained was related to Amikacin in all tested Klebsiella therefore, it can be recommended as the most effective antibiotic.