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Samira Sadat Pourhosseini, Nozar Nakhaee, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Reyhane Saljooghinejad,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2025)
Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Social emergency is intervention programs aimed at preventing social problems by managing social crises. Public awareness of this program plays a crucial role in mitigating such problems. This study aimed to assess the level of public awareness and practice regarding social emergency services.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. A total of 706 urban residents of Kerman participated. The data collection tool comprised four sections: demographic information, awareness of social emergency services, awareness of examples of social problems, and practice when encountering social problems.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 36 years, and the majority (70.3%) were women. Regarding awareness, 71% of participants had poor knowledge of social emergency, and 86.7% demonstrated poor awareness of examples of social problems. Additionally, 44.2% exhibited inadequate practice when encountering social problems. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between awareness of social emergency services and both performance and higher education. Individuals with adequate awareness exhibited, on average, 2.28 times better performance than those with inadequate awareness. Similarly, individuals with higher education had, on average, 3.68 times better awareness as compared to those with less than a high school diploma. A significant relationship was also found between awareness of social problems indicators and marital status. Married individuals demonstrated, on average, 0.56 times lower awareness as compared to single individuals. Furthermore, gender and education level were significantly associated with performance. Men’s performance levels were, on average, 1.42 times better than women’s. Additionally, individuals with university and high school education exhibited, on average, 4.22 and 3.47 times better performance, respectively, than those with less than a high school diploma.
Conclusion: Given the poor public awareness of social emergency, there is an urgent need for programs aimed at raising awareness about social problems and the role of social emergency in supporting victims.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2023 using an online questionnaire and convenience sampling. A total of 706 urban residents of Kerman participated. The data collection tool comprised four sections: demographic information, awareness of social emergency services, awareness of examples of social problems, and practice when encountering social problems.
Results: The mean age of respondents was 36 years, and the majority (70.3%) were women. Regarding awareness, 71% of participants had poor knowledge of social emergency, and 86.7% demonstrated poor awareness of examples of social problems. Additionally, 44.2% exhibited inadequate practice when encountering social problems. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between awareness of social emergency services and both performance and higher education. Individuals with adequate awareness exhibited, on average, 2.28 times better performance than those with inadequate awareness. Similarly, individuals with higher education had, on average, 3.68 times better awareness as compared to those with less than a high school diploma. A significant relationship was also found between awareness of social problems indicators and marital status. Married individuals demonstrated, on average, 0.56 times lower awareness as compared to single individuals. Furthermore, gender and education level were significantly associated with performance. Men’s performance levels were, on average, 1.42 times better than women’s. Additionally, individuals with university and high school education exhibited, on average, 4.22 and 3.47 times better performance, respectively, than those with less than a high school diploma.
Conclusion: Given the poor public awareness of social emergency, there is an urgent need for programs aimed at raising awareness about social problems and the role of social emergency in supporting victims.
Samira Sadat Pourhosseini, Vahid Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani,
Volume 19, Issue 6 (3-2026)
Volume 19, Issue 6 (3-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Identifying and transferring lessons learned from past disasters can significantly improve future disaster management performance. Although the general principles of disaster management are similar across events such as earthquakes, context-specific factors, including geographical location, scale and severity of the event, timing, and local characteristics, can shape distinct challenges and, consequently, different management approaches. Therefore, conducting case-based studies that account for the unique conditions of each disaster is essential for effective learning. This study focuses on the Kuhbanan earthquake and aims to identify management challenges arising from the specific characteristics of this region.
Materials and Methods: This study employed a qualitative design using a directed content analysis approach. The study population consisted of experts, decision-makers, and frontline practitioners directly involved in managing the Kuhbanan earthquake. Using purposive sampling with maximum variation, 15 participants were selected from key organizations, including the University of Medical Sciences, the Iranian Red Crescent Society, the Provincial Crisis Management Center, and non-governmental organizations active in rescue and relief operations. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with questions developed based on the dimensions of the STEEPV framework (Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, and Values). Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software.
Results: Data analysis led to the identification of 42 initial codes, 14 subcategories, and six categories aligned with the STEEPV framework. In the social dimension, key challenges included deficiencies in public and professional training systems (3 codes), weak intersectoral communication and coordination (6 codes), and inadequate responsiveness to community health needs (4 codes). In the technological domain, major limitations were observed in information management (2 codes) and the capacity of technological infrastructure (2 codes). From an economic perspective, financial constraints (5 codes) and welfare-related barriers (3 codes) were identified as influential factors. In the environmental dimension, specific geographical and climatic conditions including mountain topography, fault proximity, and mining operations (4 codes), along with unsuitable physical spaces for disaster management (3 codes), posed major challenges. In the political sphere, a noticeable gap between the government and the public (2 codes) and weak performance of some executive institutions (2 codes) were evident. Cultural and values-related challenges included specific local beliefs (1 code), inappropriate behaviors among communities and relief teams (2 codes), and insufficient consideration of regional culture in rescue and relief operations (3 codes).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that despite the relatively small scale of the Kuhbanan earthquake, many structural and managerial challenges previously observed in larger disasters were repeated. This finding highlights a chronic weakness in institutional learning and process improvement within the disaster management system. The application of comprehensive analytical frameworks such as STEEPV can assist managers and planners in understanding the complexity and interconnections of different crisis dimensions, moving beyond fragmented and reactive approaches toward more informed decision-making, enhanced stakeholder coordination, and ultimately greater community resilience. It is recommended that the findings of this study be used as a roadmap for revising national disaster management policies and for designing an integrated disaster lesson-learning system.
Materials and Methods: This study employed a qualitative design using a directed content analysis approach. The study population consisted of experts, decision-makers, and frontline practitioners directly involved in managing the Kuhbanan earthquake. Using purposive sampling with maximum variation, 15 participants were selected from key organizations, including the University of Medical Sciences, the Iranian Red Crescent Society, the Provincial Crisis Management Center, and non-governmental organizations active in rescue and relief operations. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews, with questions developed based on the dimensions of the STEEPV framework (Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, and Values). Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was conducted using MAXQDA software.
Results: Data analysis led to the identification of 42 initial codes, 14 subcategories, and six categories aligned with the STEEPV framework. In the social dimension, key challenges included deficiencies in public and professional training systems (3 codes), weak intersectoral communication and coordination (6 codes), and inadequate responsiveness to community health needs (4 codes). In the technological domain, major limitations were observed in information management (2 codes) and the capacity of technological infrastructure (2 codes). From an economic perspective, financial constraints (5 codes) and welfare-related barriers (3 codes) were identified as influential factors. In the environmental dimension, specific geographical and climatic conditions including mountain topography, fault proximity, and mining operations (4 codes), along with unsuitable physical spaces for disaster management (3 codes), posed major challenges. In the political sphere, a noticeable gap between the government and the public (2 codes) and weak performance of some executive institutions (2 codes) were evident. Cultural and values-related challenges included specific local beliefs (1 code), inappropriate behaviors among communities and relief teams (2 codes), and insufficient consideration of regional culture in rescue and relief operations (3 codes).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that despite the relatively small scale of the Kuhbanan earthquake, many structural and managerial challenges previously observed in larger disasters were repeated. This finding highlights a chronic weakness in institutional learning and process improvement within the disaster management system. The application of comprehensive analytical frameworks such as STEEPV can assist managers and planners in understanding the complexity and interconnections of different crisis dimensions, moving beyond fragmented and reactive approaches toward more informed decision-making, enhanced stakeholder coordination, and ultimately greater community resilience. It is recommended that the findings of this study be used as a roadmap for revising national disaster management policies and for designing an integrated disaster lesson-learning system.
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