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Evaluation of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Enterobacteriacea Isolates from Blood Cultures
Y Erfani, R Safdari, A Rasti , Mk Sharifi Yazdi , Sam Jahanmehr , H Yazdanbod , F Sadeghi ,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (9 2007)
Abstract

Background: Septicemia is a life threatening status and needs rapid antibiotic treatment. Enterobacteri­acea are one of the most important causes of septicemia. So this study is therefore aimed to evaluate antibiotic sus­ceptibility of enterobacteriacea isolates in blood cultures in Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 138 patients with positive blood culture in Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran in 2004, using disk diffusion and Macfarland standard. 

Results: Prevalence of isolated enterobacteriacea was respectively E. coli (n=74, 53.6%), Klebsiella (n=37, 26.8%), Enterobacter (n=21, 15.2%), Citrobacter (n=4, 2.9%), Salmonella paratyphi (n=1, 0.7%) and Proteus mirabilis (n=1, 0.7%). The most antibiotic susceptibility among enterobacteriaceaes was ciprofloxacin (60.4%), cloramphenicol (56.8 %) and gentamycin (49.3%). The most antibiotic re­sistance were seen among cephalotine (78%), cotrimoxazole (62.3 %) and ceftriaxon (57.5 %).

Conclusions: Due to dissimilarity between antibiotic consumption in laboratories and hospitals, it seems that to reach more proper conclusions and choosing better strategy for antibiotic consumption, cooperation should be between laboratories and physicians, plus synergism between drug prescription and antibiotic discs in laboratories.



Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated acinetobacters from blood culture in shariati hospital
A Rasti , Y Erfani, H Yazdanbod,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (25 2010)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Acinetobacters are opportunistic pathogens and one of the important agents of nosocomial infections that causes many infections like septicemia and  pneumonia. For resistance to antibiotics acinetobacters are mentioned as a healthcare system complications and are transmitted by the hands of healthcare workers. This research has performed in order to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated acinetobacters from blood cultures.

Material and methods: This study was  performed during a nine months period in  shariati hospital. All 750  positive  blood cultures were distinguished and prevalence of acinetobacter and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated acinetobacters were determined  using disk diffusion agar method. Data were analyzed using SPSS software .

Results: According to our findings,133 blood cultures were positive for acinetoloacters(17.7% of cases). The most observed cases were isolated  from emergency ward of hospital (65.5%). Antibiogram  results  using  ciprofloxacin ,cotrimoxasol,gentamicin, ceftazidime, amikacine, tobramicine and ceftriaxone, showed maximum  sensitivity to ciprofloxacine(91%) and  cotrimoxazole (57.5%) and  maximum  resistance to ceftriaxone respectively.

Discussion and Conclusion: Because the most acinetobacter  isolation was from emergency ward of hospital, it seems that a part of such infections is more due to contamination than real infection. Therefore it is  recommended  that a prospective cohort study considering standard  and sterile conditions  during  sampling , by  considering  patients clinical features  has to  be performed.


A Comparative Evaluation Of Sensitivity And Specificity Of Qualitative Urine Pregnancy Tests With Rapid hCG Immunoenzymatic Test
Arezoo Rasti, Mehrnaz Geranmayeh , Hamid Reza Shah Mohammadi , Reza Golam Nejad Jafari , Fatemeh Niazi , Samaneh Shabani , Roya Sharifian , Yousef Erfani ,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Early diagnosis of pregnancy is very important to prevent fetal damage due to specific drug consumption and high-risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative agglutination pregnancy tests in urine and rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 390 women who referred to healthcare centers where their urine samples were tested with latex agglutination (direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition) and the results were compared with rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.

Results: The sensitivity of direct agglutination (82.05 % ) was more than that of agglutination inhibition (81.2 % ), but the specificity of the tests were equal (99.27 % ). The agreement coefficients between direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition on the one hand and rapid β HCG immunoenzymatic assay on the other were 0.859 and 0.853, respectively.

Conclusion : The possibility of negative results in direct agglutination is more than that of agglutination inhibition, but the specificity of both qualitative tests is equal. Besides, both tests may have an equal possibility of false positive results. Since the occurrence of false negative results in qualitative tests is higher than that in serum gold standard, the negative results of such tests should be confirmed with more sensitive methods such as rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay.


Survey on the Contamination Rate of Stagnant Water and Soil to Vermamoeba vermiformis in Arak Parks, Iran, 2017-2018
Hamideh Sadat Atyabi, Sima Rasti, Maryam Niyyati, Zahra Eslamirad, Mahdi Delavari, Gholam Abbass Moosavi,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (Aug & Sep 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vermamoeba vermiformis is an opportunistic free living amoeba(FLA) that is ubiquitous in different environmental sources. This Amoeba can cause Amoebic Keratitis(AK) and Granulomatous Amoebic Encephlitis (GAE) in immunocompromised patients. This study was conducted to determine the rate of Vermamoeba vermiformis in stagnant water and soil in Arak.
Materials and Methods:  In this Cross-Sectional study, stagnant water(60) and soil samples(36) were collected from Arak parks. The samples were filtered in 0.45µm nitrocellulose paper and cultured on to 1.5% NNA for the presence of free living amoeba(FLA). After DNA extraction, Vermamoeba vermiformis was identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) using primers NA1 and NA2. Eight isolates of Vermamoeba vermiformis were sequenced blasted and after confirmation, recorded in the Gene Bank. The data were recorded in SPSS.16 and analyzed using X2 and Fischer Exact test.
Results: Out of 96 environmental sources, 29.2% were positive for free living amoeba. The rate of FLA pollution in stagnant water and soil were 28.3 and 30.6% respectively(P<0.001). The contamination rate of stagnant water and soil with Vermamoeba vermiformis were 10% and 16.7%, respectively(P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed ,that stagnant water and soil resources were contaminated to FLA and Vermamoeba. Due to the Pathogenic ability of this amoeba and the possibility of endosymbian pathogens in it, health education is recommended for controlling and preventing the disease, especially in susceptible patients, including those who use contact lenses.

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Broiler Referred to Kashan Industrial Abattoir, Central Iran, 2023
Erfan Amiri, Hossein Hooshyar, Hossein Nazemorraaya, Mohammadreza Shiee, Sima Rasti, Gholam Abbass Moosavi,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important food-borne parasitic pathogens that infect humans and a wide range of warm-blooded animals. Consumption of poultry meat, especially chicken, is a potential risk of transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in industrial broilers referred to the Kashan poultry abattoir, Iran, in 2023.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 114 brain and heart samples of industrial broilers were randomly collected from Kashan poultry abattoir. Two prepared direct smears from each sample were stained with Giemsa stain and examined microscopically for the presence of tissue cysts of T. gondii. The genomic DNA was extracted using a commercial kit. PCR method was used for detection of the B1 genome of T. gondii using specific primers. The PCR product was evaluated by electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS software.
Results: Of 114 chicken samples, 65 (57%) and 49 (43%), were male and female respectively. Totally, 12 samples (10.5%) were positive for T. gondii infection. T. gondii DNA fragments were detected in 8 (7.06%) of the samples. Microscopy examination revealed T.gondii in 6 (5.26%) samples. All infections were related to brain samples, and no infection was detected in heart muscle samples.
Conclusion: Infection with T. gondii is considerable in broilers in the Kashan region. Therefore, preventive measures such as training people to properly cook meat before consumption and avoiding eating raw or under‑cooked poultry meat products are recommended to prevent human infection to T. gondii. In order to stop life cycle of this parasite, avoiding using raw bird meat for feeding pets such as cats is recommended.
 
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