Showing 27 results for Zare
Fariba Nabatchian, Nahid Einollahi, Sakineh Abbasi , Mitra Gharib, Mitra Zarebavani,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (5-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical Laboratory Sciences is one of the important fields in Medicine that is closely associated with other disciplines in this group. This study aims to evaluate laboratory sciences curriculum in Iran and several countries worldwide.
Materials and Methods: In this research, data collection is based on documents and curriculum goals of countries. The data collected was analyzed using qualitative methods.
Results: Comparative study of curriculum courses of bachelor of Laboratory Medical sciences was done and compared with the number of basic and specific units in Iran and other countries.
The curriculum in Iran with Turkey and Australia is remarkably consistent. Internship units in hospitals have lower returns in compared to other universities in the world.
Conclusion: Laboratory Science curriculum in Iran is matched with developing countries. However, more attention to training units and projects to improve the quality of teaching laboratory sciences could be more effective.
Solmaz Basiri , Roshanak Daie Ghazvini , Seyed Jamal Hashemi, Seyed Hossein Mirhendi , Mohsen Geramishoar, Zabihollah Zareie,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Identification of possible animal sources of infection is
applied for preventing the outbreak and progressive epidemics of infection. The
aim of present study is isolation of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi from the
skin of ownership dogs with emphasize on transmission risk of fungal zoonoses in
rural areas of Meshkin Shahr, Ardebil province of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was
performed in laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences from April 2011 to November 2012. Hundred and
thirty dogs were studied. Collected scales and hair samples were examined by
direct smear and SC, SCC and DTM culture with the aim of full coverage of whole
fungal growth such as saprophytic and pathogenic fungi for 1-3 weeks.
Results: From 130 examined samples, Alternaria 41 (31.5%) as the most
frequent, Chaetomium 1 (0.9%) and Nattrassia 1 (0.9%) as the least frequent
saprophytic agents, were isolated from the samples.
Conclusion: The dogs in these areas are not the source of infection for
dermatophytosis and had no role in the epidemiology of the disease
Bahram Ahmadi, Sasan Rezaei, Farshad Hashemi, Mahdi Zareei, Hoda Deli, Seyed Jamal Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Onychomycosis or nail fungus infection has an increasing prevalence with many effects on patients’ social life and mental health dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophyte molds are among the best known agents of fungal infections of nails. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of non-dermatophyte molds using morphological (direct examination and culture) and molecular (PCR) methods in patients referring to Medical Sciences Mycology Laboratory in Tehran, Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this study, samples were taken from 170 patients. For direct microscopic examination (DME), 15% KOH solution was used for the culture of samples, Sabouraud dextrose agar media (S) was applied together with chloramphenicol (SC) and chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (SCC). Meanwhile, differential tests were done for mycological diagnosis (slide culture), and 28SrDNA amplification and sequencing were performed for suspect or unknown samples.
Results: Of the 170 patients, 74 cases (43.5%) had onychomycosis, of which 53 cases (71.62%) were female and 21 cases (28.38%) were male. Also, of the 74 cases of onychomycosis, 40 cases (54.05%) were reported candidiasis, 21 cases (28.37%) non-dermatophyte molds, and 12 cases (16.21 %) dermatophytes.
Conclusion: The prevalence of onychomycosis in this study was 43.5% and the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in cases of false positive, false negative and long-term culture was valuable meanwhile, given that all the samples that had positive results in DME with negative cultures were positive in molecular tests, this study reveals the power of molecular techniques compared with culture method.
Ghafur Tavakoli , Roshanak Daei, Farshad Hashemi, Mehdi Zarei, Hoda Deli, Seyed Jamal Hashemi,
Volume 9, Issue 6 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In medical centers, after obtaining visceral clinical samples in suitable containers under certain circumstances, they are sent to mycology laboratory. Since sometimes it is impossible to test specimens immediately, therefore, they should be kept in the refrigerator. Thus, possibility of keeping samples, the confidently time of samples keeping in a refrigerator and the appropriate guidelines for the maintenance of visceral samples for clinical centers have a particular importance for practical purposes and are the aim of this study.
Materials and Methods: At first, the specimen was examined by KOH direct microscopic examination for detection of fungal elements. After primary culture of visceral samples on the Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol (SC) medium, the samples were sequentially placed in a refrigerator at temperature 2-8 ºc for 1, 2, 24 and 48 hs and each sample with the specific mentioned time culturing was performed on the Sabouraud dextrose agar (S) and SC media. Then the results of growth were recorded.
Results: From 100 samples, 79 samples had grown, 20 samples with lack of growth and in 1 sample reduced growth were observed.
Conclusion: After 48 hours of cold temperatures (2-8 ºc) visceral fungal clinical samples are able to grow in culture media. So samples which were not tested immediately, could be stored at temperatures 2-8 ºc in the refrigerator.
Seyedeh Mahboubeh Hosseini Zare, Batoul Ahmadi, Ali Akbari Sari , Mohammad Arab, Mahshid Sadat Hosseini Zare,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Evaluating and improving the employees’ quality of work life is one of the most important responsibilities of managers in each organization. The aim of this study was to design and prepare a questionnaire for evaluating the residents’ quality of work life and checking the validity and reliability of this tool.
Materials and Methods: We collected the questionnaires which were used for the employees’ quality of work life, and designed by Delphi method a comprehensive questionnaire for measuring residents’ quality of work life. This questionnaire was distributed two times with one-week interval between 14 residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and then the validity and reliability was assessed by α cronbach model. We used the 5 experts in the field of health care management, medical education and health economics to determine the validity of quality of working life questionnaire. The classification of cronbach's α for intra-rater reliability was: very good (0.9-1), good (0.8- 0.89), average (0.7- 0.79), bad (0.6-0.69) and very bad (under 0.59).
Results: The results of αcronbach test for questions reliability and the result α cronbach test for internal consistency of each class of question indicated the rather high reliability and validity of these questions.
Conclusion: Regarding to the results of α cronbach test, we can deduce that our designed questionnaire encompass have satisfied validity and reliability and it can be used for future studies.
Delaram Dargahi, Mitra Zare Bavani, Nahid Einollahi, Nasrin Dashti, Mostafa Rezaeian, Sakineh Abbasi,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Giardiasis is the most common pathogenic gastrointestinal parasite worldwide and transmitted by ingesting parasite cyst, through water and food and person-to-person contact. Therefore in food handlers and child care workers it is of high importance. In this study we surveyed the job of individuals with giardiasis.
Materials and Methods: This study was a pilot descriptive-analytic study. Hundred and nine stool samples were collected from individuals referred to medical centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences for health certificate.
Samples were examined with wet mount smear and formol-ether concentration methods. Also a questionnaire was given to each individual.
Results: Sixty nine samples were infected with Giardia lamblia. among positive samples for Giardia lamblia 25 (36.23%) were related to food handlers and occupations which are most frequently associated with food, one (1.44%) nurse, one (1.44%) managing director of the nursery, two (2.89%) housekeepers and one servant (1.44%).
Conclusion: Person-to-person Giardia lamblia transmission is often associated with poor hygiene and sanitation, most commonly by food handlers.
Also, day- care workers have a higher risk of infecting children attending day-care centers. Therefore particular attention should be paid to health of this workers as well as three times stool examination.
Mohammad Erfan Zare, Reza Meshkani, Mojtaba Abbasi, Farhad Shaveisi Zadeh, Atefeh Nasir Kansestani ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Supplement 1 2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: There has been a long-lasting debate among medical laboratory-associated specialists about required competencies and educational background to qualify for directing medical laboratories in Iran. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review regarding required training and competencies for becoming a medical laboratory director in Iran and all around the world.
Materials and Methods: A thorough search of the literature was carried out in scientific databases including Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, PubMed, Scopus, SID and web-based search engines such as Google and Google Scholar.
Results: The results revealed detailed required competencies for directing medical laboratories in the United States of America, Canada, European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) and its many affiliated European countries.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that in all assessed countries, specialists of basic medical sciences and also physicians, after passing certifying examinations, are equally qualified to direct medical laboratories. Indeed, Iran is the only country within the evaluated ones, in which basic medical sciences specialists (which have their own specific curriculum and are educated as clinical majors) have been eliminated from directing medical laboratory and the position has almost exclusively been available for graduates of pathology and it is important to revise this approach.
Afshin Mousavi Chalak, Aref Riahi, Amin Zare,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Scientific journals are known as one of the basic tools in knowledge development in today's world and have a special place in publication of the newest achievements of human knowledge and science. This study aimed to evaluate Iranian journals of medical sciences in Scopus database and determine their level in the world.
Materials and Methods: This is an analytical-descriptive study with Scientometrics approach. The research population includes all Iranian journals in the field of medicine which are indexed in Scopus database until 2016. We used SPSS and Excel software to analyze data and NodeXL to draw shapes and pictures.
Results: The findings show that the number of Iranian journals increased from 2 in 1999 to 78 in 2015. Also, 15 cities and 29 centers and universities have played a role in publishing those journals. Meanwhile, the findings show that Iranian indexed journals are at a lower level compared with those of the developed and industrial countries.
Conclusion: The most important reasons for Iranian journals' growth were "the policy of Scopus to increase scientific journals", "observance of standards and compliance with international fashion and standards of medical journals”, and the like. We concluded that Iranian journals compared with those of other countries are not at a good quality position and that it is essential to have an appropriate policy by the Ministry of Health and its subordinate Universities.
Fereydoon Azadeh, Seyed Javad Ghazi Mirsaeid, Nadia Motamedi, Mohammad Zarei,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ranking of hospital libraries based on standard criteria and taking pattern of top libraries would improve the quality of library services. The purpose of this study was to rate hospital libraries based on LibQual criteria and Vikor model.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a survey method. The statistical population was 3850 actual users of the library of 8 governmental hospitals (with capacities up to 320 beds) in Tehran in 2016. To achieve the goals, The LibQual questionnaire and AHP technique were used. The validity of both questionnaires has been confirmed in various studies. Cronbach's alpha coefficient greater than 70 percent For LibQual questionnaire and inconsistency rates less than one percent for Vikor questionnaire confirm the reliabilities. Data analysis was performed using the expert choice software. Ranking were done using the Vikor technique.
Results: According to three main dimensions for LibQual, "library as a place" weighing 0.379 was the first preference, and "quiet space for individual activities" weighing 0.364 was the first in this dimension too. The dimension of "information control" weighs in 0.318 at the second, and "service impact" weighs 0.303 was in the third grade. In the ranking based on the Vikor criteria, the Library of Firoozgar hospital was in the first place.
Conclusion: The library of Firoozgar hospital in Iran university of medical sciences was the forefront and could be an exemplar for the other libraries.
Minoo Shahbazi, Reza Safdari, Mohammad Zarei,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (Jun & Jul 2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The quality of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) depends on the quality of its content and proper documentation. Determining the Minimum Data Set (MDS) to enhance the quality of electronic health records’ content and helping to improve the quality of health care provision to uveitis patients are essential matters. The aim of this study is to determine the essential MDS for uveitis patients’ electronic health records.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, data collection tools for collecting the Minimum Data Set were library resources and internet-based database. The MDS was obtained through Likert scale questionnaire and was surveyed by 22 ophthalmologists and retina subspecialists.
Results: Among the elements of the survey, all cases with over 90% approval were considered as main elements. Regarding the importance of presented data elements, no significant difference was found between the responses of ophthalmologists who participated in this study.
Conclusion: The Minimum Data Set of uveitis patients’ electronic health records can be represented by five groups of demographic information: patients’ clinical records, laboratory information, type of uveitis, treatment guidelines, and the information of ophthalmic pictures. A suggested model for manual systems and electronic medical records is available.
Vahid Changizi, Mohammad Reza Zare, Sahel Kasiri,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (Dec & Jan 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the presence of ionizing radiation sources in the environment and their potential to enter the food chain, the natural radiation in the rice product of Mahmoud Abadu residents of this area should be evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Using standard sampling methods, the number of sampling points and locations (about 10 points) was determined. After recording the geographical location of the sites, 2 kg of soil and 2 kg of rice were removed and 20 samples were coded. 950 g of soil and rice were milled and transferred to standard Marinelli dishes with 50 mesh. The samples were completely sealed and after about one month, they were visualized with ultra-pure germanium detectors (HPGe). Subsequently, specific radionuclide radiosensitivity in soil and rice soil samples, radionuclide transfer factors from soil to rice, annual effective dose and risk of cancer due to rice consumption were measured.
Results: Effective total dose of nuclei studied in #value, lifetime cancer risk of U238 from #value to 0.00019, Ra226 from #value to 0.00008, U235 # value, Th232 from #value to 0.00027, K40 From 0.00014 to 0.00082 and finally for zero cesium.
Conclusion: There is no harmful effect on the people of the region regarding the radionuclides of rice.
Simin Momenzadeh, Atefeh Zarei, Phd Seyed Ali Akbar Famil Rouhany, Leila Dehghani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (Jun & Jul 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to propose a consistent architecture to design integrated and flexible information systems for the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Materials and Methods: This applied research employed an integrated design based on business system planning (BSP) and James Martin's model for the design of information systems. The statistical population of this study included 27 managers and experts of AJUMS Vice-Chancellorship department for Research and Technology. Data collection was carried out using structured interview, observation, and document analysis. A contrast matrix was then used for data analysis.
Results: In total, 53 processes and 60 data classes were identified. Using a multi-layered architectural model (presentation, process, data and infrastructure), the results were presented in the form of a proposed architecture. In the proposed architecture, 12 subsystems and the relationships among them were identified; such subsystems as library, research activities, sabbatical leave, conference, fellowship, publication, innovation and technology, laboratory information, theses, budget and planning, social subsystem and knowledge-management networks. The results also showed that the level of coverage of the processes, data classes, and objectives by existing information systems were 53%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, and increased to full coverage in proposed or optimal modes.
Conclusion: By identifying the required information systems, it is possible to accurately plan and successfully use these systems in this study. The results of the present study can be used to implement the architecture of information systems of Research and Technology Departments of other universities of medical sciences (UMSs) in Iran, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time.
Zahra Otroj, Firoozeh Zare-Farashbandi, Fatemeh Rastegari,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (Jun 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Health information seeking behavior can be influenced by several factors and variables such as personality traits, beliefs, values, tendencies, contextual factors and personal emotions. Health information has a direct relationship with the quality of life of people in society, it can be influential in decisions related to personal and social health and improve people’s performance in this field. This study aimed to determine the relationship between personality types of graduate students of Isfahan University of medical Sciences (IUMS) and their health information seeking behavior based on the Miller model.
Materials and Methods: This was an applied survey study. The study population was all graduate students of IUMS. The sample size was determined using the Morgan table of 297 people. Data collection tools are Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire and Miller Information Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that there is an inverse relationship between personality type “Psychotic” and the component of “active search for health information”. Also there is a direct relationship between persons who are “Eager for new experiences” and “conscientiousness” with the component of “active search for health information”. But there is no significant relationship between personality types “extroversion” and “agreeability” with the components of health informing behavior. The studied students are not responsible and conscientious in terms of personality type, they often prefer solitude and are introverted and conservative. But more than half of them are balanced in the dimension of “agreeability”.
Conclusion: This study showed that people who are eager for new experiences and conscientious, search health information actively, but Psychotic persons are not willing to be active in seeking health information This means that the more responsible and conscientious people are, or the more eager they are for new experiences, the more actively they search for health information. Therefore, it is better for health policy makers to plan in such a way that the necessary health information is provided to them interactively based on the personality of the people.
Ehsan Zarei, Kheyrollah Chavosh Sani, Mohammad Saadati, Soheila Khodakarim,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (Oct 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years, public trust in health system has been considered one of the performance evaluation indicators of health systems. However, most of the research on public trust in health system is related to developed countries, and research in this regard is limited in Iran. A better understanding of trust in health system and some influential factors helps to develop targeted interventions to increase trust. The present study was conducted to investigate the level of public trust in health system in Rasht County.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 680 households (510 urban and 170 rural) were included. The data collection tool was a questionnaire to measure public trust in health system with 30 items and six dimensions, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare and analyze the difference in public trust in health system between groups.
Results: The overall score of trust in health system was 66.7 out of 112. The highest score for the quality-of-care dimension was 16.38 out of 28, and the lowest for the cooperation quality of providers dimension was 7.47 out of 12. Among service providers, the highest trust was in nurses and specialist doctors, and the least was in traditional medicine service providers. Women, government employees, people without health insurance, people with excellent and good health status, those who had used hospital services, and those who were satisfied with the last service received had a high level of trust in the health system (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that despite people’s trust in the expertise and knowledge of physicians and other providers, public trust in health system was relatively moderate, indicating deficiencies in the health system’s performance. Focusing on physician-patient communication and improving communication skills, establishing electronic records and sharing patient information between health service providers, and respecting patient rights can build greater trust in the health system.
Mohammad Jalali, Ehsan Zarei, Ali Maher, Soheila Khodakarim,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (Dec 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the performance of hospitals were affected, and changes were made in the utilization of hospital services. Analyzing hospital performance data during the COVID-19 pandemic can provide insights into service utilization patterns and care outcomes for managers and policymakers. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on selected outcome indicators in the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This research was descriptive-analytical and of the time series analysis type. Six outcome indicators were considered: hospitalization rate, bed occupancy rate, the average length of stay, emergency visits, laboratory tests, and imaging requests. Related data from 12 affiliated hospitals from 2017-2019 (pre-COVID) and 2020 (post-COVID) were obtained from the hospital's intelligent management system. The data were analyzed using R software's interrupted time series analysis method.
Results: The hospitalization rate (P=0.015), bed occupancy rate (P=0.04), and the number of laboratory tests (P=0.003) significantly increased immediately after the outbreak of the pandemic. In contrast, emergency visits (P=0.034) have significantly decreased. The bed occupancy rate and the number of imaging requests showed no significant change. The decrease in emergency room visits within one year after the pandemic was significant, but the changes in other outcome indicators were non-significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion: Understanding the changes and impact of a major event on hospital outcome indicators is necessary for decision-makers to effectively plan for resource allocation and effective pandemic response. The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused a change in performance and hospital outcomes by affecting the supply and demand of services. In a year after the pandemic's beginning, except for emergency visits, the other indicators have not experienced significant changes. Preservation of essential services such as emergency room visits is recommended in the strategy of rapid response to an epidemic outbreak and public campaigns to encourage people to seek medical care if needed in future waves of the pandemic.
Rahil Nahari, Saeed Hashemzadeh, Ehsan Zarei,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (Feb 2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical tourism refers to travel for receiving health services abroad. The COVID-19 crisis affected a wide range of tourism-related businesses, including medical tourism, and caused a decrease in the supply and demand of health services in this market. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Medical Tourism in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2021. The data used in this study were extracted from the information system of the Ministry of Health from 2018 to 2021, which includes the number, origin, and destination of medical tourists, per capita revenue, and monthly revenue two years before and one and a half years after the COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, t-tests of independent groups and interrupted time series regression were used in SPSS and EViews 10 software.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a 42% decrease in the average monthly number of medical tourists, a 45% decrease in the monthly revenue, and a 10% decrease in the per capita income per tourist (P<0.05). The arrival of medical tourists from the Republic of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, and Oman has decreased by more than 80%, and the largest decrease in the number of tourists has been related to Ahvaz, Urmia, Tabriz, and Shiraz. In all diagnostic groups except obstetrics and gynecology, there has been a decrease between 50 to 70% The declining trend of medical tourism indicators was stopped in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued as a constant trend.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 crisis has hurt the number of international patients and their revenue in Iran. Relative success in controlling COVID-19 can return to a pre-pandemic situation that requires appropriate policies and administrative measures by government and industry players, such as policies to facilitate patient entry, marketing measures, branding and creating a positive image of the country to potential clients, use of telemedicine facilities for consultations and follow-up, etc.
Fatemeh Esmaili, Najmeh Ashouri, Seyedeh Mahboobeh Hosseini Zare,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drugs that help to heal and treat diseases, but improper administration and excessive use of them can increase length of stay and cost of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between experimental use of antibiotics and duration of stay of premature infants admitted to Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on 159 premature infants admitted to intensive care ward of Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were investigated. The study tool was a questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was measured by content analysis method and reliability of questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, with help of descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and statistical test of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.
Results: The results showed that 52.2% of infants were girls and 79.9% of deliveries were performed by cesarean section. The average length of stay of infants was 31.47 days and average birth of infants was 30 weeks. According to results of study, there was a significant relationship between length of hospitalization of infants with duration of antibiotic treatment and number of periods of receiving antibiotics (P<0.05). The duration of hospitalization of infants with a period of receiving less than 14 days of antibiotics was almost half of duration of hospitalization of infants with more than 14 days of receiving antibiotics. Also, there was a significant relationship between number of antibiotic courses and length of hospitalization of patients (P<0.05). With increase in number of antibiotic sessions, duration of hospitalization of infants increased significantly. The results of study showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight of babies, cost of bed, and total cost of experimental administration of antibiotics (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering that rational use of antibiotics reduce length of stay of hospitalized infants, Ministry of Health should develop an updated and transparent antibiotic adminstration protocol for premature infants and awareness physicians to inform particularly prescription of antibiotics and implementation of stewardship antibiotic programs in neonatal intensive care unit. Also the publication of standard treatment guidelines, instructions including importance of prescribing antibiotics with correct dose and clinical education of physicians are necessary.
Farid Ghaffari, Seyed Amir Hosein Pishgooie, Armin Zareiyan, Simintaj Sharififar, Somayeh Azarmi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: CBRN incidents Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear are often unpredictable and invisible, leading to fear, anxiety, and disruptions in the provision of healthcare services in the community. The potential consequences and costs of unpreparedness for CBRN incidents can be significant. Rapid and appropriate responses to CBRN incidents play a crucial role in mitigating adverse physical health effects and reducing mortality rates. These factors heavily depend on the preparedness of hospital emergency staff. This study aimed to explore the experiences of hospital emergency clinical staff regarding their preparedness for responding to CBRN incidents in 2024 in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a qualitative research employing a conventional content analysis approach. The study population consisted of clinical emergency staff from four hospitals, including one educational-specialized hospital, two public-general hospitals, and one private-general hospital. Participants were selected purposively and through snowball sampling, ensuring maximum variation among clinical emergency staff of hospitals in Tehran Province. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 participants, and sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. For data analysis, the qualitative approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was employed, and MAXQDA software version 2022 was used for qualitative data management.
Results: In this study, 13 hospital emergency clinical staff members, including nurses, nursing managers, physicians, and laboratory science experts (8 males and 5 females), with an average work experience of 13 years and 11 months, were interviewed. Findings were extracted in the form of 7 main categories (resources, training and practice, contamination control, coordination, planning and instructions, management and treatment of casualties, structure), 13 subcategories, and 35 semantic codes. The results showed that the lack of specialized training, the absence of appropriate infrastructure for decontamination, and weak intra- and extra-departmental coordination are among the most important challenges to the preparedness of emergency staff in dealing with CBRN incidents. Participants also emphasized the need to provide personal protective equipment, develop specific instructions, and hold periodic drills.
Conclusion: Currently, the level of preparedness of hospital emergency clinical staff in responding to CBRN incidents is limited. Emergency staff play a vital role in responding to CBRN incidents. To ensure their preparedness and response efforts are fully effective, and considering the rising global threats of CBRN incidents, it is recommended to adopt strategies, policies, programs, coordination efforts, funding, and other necessary measures to enhance the preparedness of emergency staff for CBRN incidents.
Fatemeh Najafi, Hooman Shahsavari, Golnar Ghane, Zahra Zare,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ensuring the quality of care and maintaining patient safety are fundamental challenges within the nursing profession. Having a culturally relevant and valid tool to assess the phenomenon of “missed nursing care” can significantly assist in identifying actions and conditions that result in negative patient outcomes or situations where care is inadequately provided. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to culturally adapt and validate the Iranian version of the Missed Care Survey tool.
Materials and Methods: The translation and psychometric testing were carried out in six stages: 1) translation from the original language to the target language, 2) comparison of the two translated versions, 3) back-translation, 4) comparison of the back-translated versions with the original, 5) pilot testing of the pre-final version with a monolingual sample, and 6) full psychometric validation of the pre-final version. These stages were conducted with a sample of 330 nursing staff from hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Results: A total of 330 participants were included in the present study, the majority of whom were female and worked rotating shifts. Approximately half of the participants were aged between 25 and 34 years, and the longest duration of employment in the nursing profession was more than ten years (100 participants, 30.3%). In addition, more than half of the participants held a bachelor’s degree in nursing, and the majority worked more than 30 hours per week (316 participants, 95.8%).The Cronbach’s alpha for the entire instrument was 0.89, and for the subscales of Part B it ranged from 0.79 to 0.93. Moreover, the test–retest correlation coefficients for Part A (missed nursing care, including a list of nursing activities) and Part B (reasons for missed nursing care) were 0.83 and 0.80, respectively. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable and satisfactory model fit for the three-factor structure of Part B based on overall goodness-of-fit indices. Collectively, these findings provide evidence for the instrument’s robust construct validity and reliability, supporting its suitability for assessing missed nursing care in clinical settings.
Conclusion: Given the critical role of nurses in the healthcare system, providing high-quality and safe nursing care becomes increasingly important. The growing diversity of populations worldwide highlights the pressing need for researchers and healthcare providers to access valid tools across different cultural groups and languages. The Iranian version of the “Missed Nursing Care Survey” is a reliable tool with acceptable internal consistency, good test-retest reliability, and sufficient validity due to its correlation with the original version. Therefore, this tool can be utilized in studies aimed at generating deeper insights into the factors influencing or moderating this complex phenomenon.
Shiva Mohajel Nayebi, Azra Daei, Vahideh Gavgani Zarea,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The continuous specialization and rapid evolution in medical and health sciences, combined with the growing influence of information and communication technologies, have created an urgent need for specialized education in Medical Library and Information Science (MLIS). As universities transition toward the fourth and fifth-generation models, characterized by innovation, networking, and entrepreneurial orientation, academic disciplines are expected to become more dynamic and responsive to technological and societal change. This study aimed to identify emerging community-based educational specializations, explore the related challenges and enabling factors, and develop policy recommendations for establishing a new specialization in MLIS.
Materials and Methods: This multi-methods research was conducted with the goal of informing educational policy and curriculum development. In the first phase, a scoping review following the Arksey and O’Malley framework and guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist was carried out to identify existing and emerging specializations in health-related information sciences. In the second phase, a focus group discussion (FGD) involving eight domain experts explored perceived challenges, influencing factors, and potential strategies for specialization development. Finally, in the third phase, a simple Delphi technique was applied with ten policymakers in Medical Library and Information Science to prioritize the proposed specialization options. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, using coding and categorization to identify recurrent patterns and themes.
Results: The scoping review included 22 eligible studies, from which 11 educational specializations related to health information and librarianship were initially extracted. After merging overlapping domains, eight distinct specializations remained. Following expert and policymaker prioritization, four educational specializations were selected as feasible and necessary for integration into the MLIS curriculum. The main challenges identified were: Ensuring disciplinary sustainability in the face of rapid scientific and technological change; Promoting structural and curricular reform to align educational programs with real-world health information needs; Overcoming institutional and cultural resistance to organizational change. Policymakers emphasized curriculum modernization, specialized educational tracks, and needs-based program design as essential strategies for strengthening MLIS education and its alignment with health system priorities.
Conclusion: The study recommends that universities establish new educational specializations or formal short-term programs tailored to national and regional needs in health information science. Implementing the proposed policy options can enhance the long-term sustainability, relevance, and innovation capacity of the MLIS discipline while increasing the employability and professional competence of graduates. Strengthening educational responsiveness to societal and technological transformation will position Medical Librarianship and Information Science as a key enabler in evidence-based health systems and digital health development.
