Showing 31 results for Sharifi
Hossein Dargahi, Seyed Asghar Mir Emadi, Shahnam Sedigh Maroufi, Hamid Choobine, Cyrus Azimi, Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (14 2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Although vancomycine is used for the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococci, but vancomycine alone might not be effective for the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococci in compromised host. In the same time antimicrobial activity of cefepim on gram positive bacteria especially Staphylococci is well known. In this study the synergism effect of cefepim and vavcomycin on positive and negative coagulase Staphylococci in vitro condition was investigated.
Materials and Methods: In total, 100 clinical samples of coagulase positive and negative Staphylococci were isolated from urine and blood samples from patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital during one year and identified .The modified Bauer-Kirby were used for the antibiotic susceptibility and macrodilution method for the MIC according to NCCLS procedure.
Results: The results showed that after adding vancomycin to cefepime in concentration from 0.05+ 0.5 , to 0.8+8 , growth reduction reached from 3.5% to 100%.The synergism effect of the two mentioned antibiotics on coagulase negative Staphylococci resistant to methicillin were shown that from concentration of 0.05+ 0.5 to 0.8+8 , a reduction in growth from 4.5% to 100% was observed.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that vancomycin and cefepime has synergic effect on Staphylococci
Mohammad Bagher Khalili, Mitra Moshref, Mohammadreza Sharifi, Maryam Sadeh, Alireza Sazmand,
Volume 6, Issue 5 (13 2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus(SA) may cause infection in all body organs. Many personnel and patients in hospitals may become carriers of this species. The aim of this study was to investigate relative frequency of SA and its resistance to Methicillin.
Materials and Methods: A couple of swabs were taken from nose and nails of 151 personnels working in operation room of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. Samples were inoculated into Mannitol salt agar medium and S. aureus colonies were antibiogramed to determine the rate of resistance to methicillin. Statistical analyses were performed by chi-square and Fishers' exact test.
Results: Overall prevalence of SA was 35.09%(19.2% and 15.9% in noses and nails, respectively). Prevalence of methicillin-resistant SA(MRSA) was 11.92%(5.3% and 6.6% in noses and nails, respectively). Surgeons had the highest, and workers the lowest prevalence of nasal SA carrier rate. In contrast, the nails of servants had the highest, and surgeons the lowest SA carrier rate. No significant difference was found between carrier rate and age, sex and duration of employment. But a meaningful relation was found between type of job and MRSA in both noses and nails. All of the MRSA isolates were sensitive to vancomycin.
Conclusion: Since employees of operation room are continuously working with patients undergone operation, screening both the personnel and patients to determine the rate of carriage, preventing transfusions of fore mentioned bacterium is necessary and highly recommended.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Hossein Dargahi, Fariborz Mehrani, Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi, Abbas Rahimi Forushani, Seyed Asghar Miremadi,
Volume 6, Issue 6 (17 2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dental caries in children caused by repeatable consumption of sweet product especially at night, that itself mostly depend on economic and cultural background of the society and family.
One of the most common diseases of human being is dental caries, which are caused by many factors, such as microorganisms, dieting, passing time, and the host itself. Among the microorganisms Streptococci mutants play the major role in causing dental caries. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of Streptococci mutants in dental caries between two groups of children sensitive and resistance to caries.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional research, in which 120 children(60 susceptible and 60 resistance) aged between 3 to 5 referred to Tehran University dental school were selected randomly. The selection criteria for the sensitive and resistance dental caries were dmfs > 5 and dmfs < 10 respectively. None of the groups had used any drug or fluoride products before sampling. Saliva of both groups were collected, and transferred to the specific culture media(Mitis Salivarious Agar). After incubation at 37 oC colonies of S.mutans were counted.
Results: There was a significant difference between the number of colony counting(cfu/ml) with age and consumption of repeated sugar product, while. there was no significant difference between(cfu/ml) sex, oral hygiene, and nutrition period during infancy.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the consumption of sugar product in childhood results in dental carries.
Arezoo Rasti, Mehrnaz Geranmayeh , Hamid Reza Shah Mohammadi , Reza Golam Nejad Jafari , Fatemeh Niazi , Samaneh Shabani , Roya Sharifian , Yousef Erfani ,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Early diagnosis of pregnancy is very important to prevent fetal damage due to specific drug consumption and high-risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative agglutination pregnancy tests in urine and rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 390 women who referred to healthcare centers where their urine samples were tested with latex agglutination (direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition) and the results were compared with rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.
Results: The sensitivity of direct agglutination (82.05 % ) was more than that of agglutination inhibition (81.2 % ), but the specificity of the tests were equal (99.27 % ). The agreement coefficients between direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition on the one hand and rapid β HCG immunoenzymatic assay on the other were 0.859 and 0.853, respectively.
Conclusion : The possibility of negative results in direct agglutination is more than that of agglutination inhibition, but the specificity of both qualitative tests is equal. Besides, both tests may have an equal possibility of false positive results. Since the occurrence of false negative results in qualitative tests is higher than that in serum gold standard, the negative results of such tests should be confirmed with more sensitive methods such as rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay.
Marjan Ghazi Saeedi, Reza Safdari, Roya Sharifian, Niloofar Mohammadzadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: If the evaluation is done from the perspective of users, Successful development of measures and features related to use and implementation of hospital information system and identify areas that need further consideration is to be provided. The main purpose of this study was assessment the views of physicians and nurses of hospital information system identify the effective criteria for the use of it and their satisfaction.
Materials and Methods: Present research is a descriptive cross-sectional study and was applied in public- education hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2012- 2013. The main tool was a questionnaire prepared by reviewing relevant literature in databases Iranmedex, Magiran, SID, PubMed, Science direct, Google scholar, and surveys by experts. In order to determine the validity, a questionnaire was distributed among 5 experts in the area of information technology. After completion of the questionnaires, results were analyzed using software SPSS17.
Results: Information systems in half of the hospitals surveyed from the perspective of research community have an average of 30 - 60 percent capabilities in order management. Also users in all surveyed hospitals with more than 43 % agree the ease of using hospital systems.
Conclusion : User satisfaction is a guarantee for the implementation of information system. To improve the situation and move towards the ideal condition we suggest users needs in hospital information systems should be considered. Also design and system should be Compatible with the skills and knowledge of users as possible.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Hamid Emadi Koochak , Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi , Ali Taheri Mirghaed , Hamid Choobineh,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cream is a rich dairy product with the pH close to neutral and
limited preservation capability. Cream is suitable and rich for microbial
growth. In the past few decades, there was a great concern in contamination of
food products.
Salmonella and Yersinia species are two
important pathogens causing food poisoning and human gastroenteritis. The aim
of the present study is to investigate the quality of traditional cream for
bacterial contamination.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. In total, 100 unpasteurized
cream samples were collected from 5 regions in Tehran. The Salmonella was
enriched in Selenite-F broth, and Yersinia in
phosphate buffer in two weeks in cold condition according to CDC, and then were
inoculated in MacConky and CIN agar for 24 hours. The suspected colonies were
examined for phenotype and their identification was confirmed by API-20 E.
Results: In
general, 29% of tested cream samples were contaminated with at least one kind
of bacteria, 3% with Yersinia (1strain Y.enterocolitica, 1 Y.intermedia, 1
frederiksenii), and 2% with Salmonella paratyphi B. The other bacteria like
Escheichia coli, Enteobacter, klebsiella, and Citobacter were also isolated.
Five samples were contaminated with two kinds of bacteria.
Conclusion: The
results of this study indicate that more quality control should be applied on
the cream produced in the city of Tehran by health control office for food
products.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Fatemeh Hedayati Rad , Abbas Rahimi Forushani , Hamid Emadi Koochak , Shabnam Haghighat Khajavi , Ali Taheri Mirghaed , Hamid Choobineh, Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Along with the constant increase in world population
and consequently, the growing need to provide cellulose, as the most abundant
organic substance in nature to produce cellulose products, concerns regarding
the possible contamination of these products might cause skin, and genital and
urinary infections. The aim of this study is to determine the possible
microbial contamination of these products supplied in the city of Tehran.
Materials and
Methods: This is a descriptive study
on 200 samples of unexpired cellulose products including napkins, nappies,
sanitary napkin, and cardboard boxes to carry sweets. Fifty samples were obtained
in the city of Tehran during six months from September 2011 to February 2012.
Microbial contamination was investigated according to the procedure proposed by
the Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran.
Results: The results obtained indicate that 18 samples (9%)
exceeded the level allowed for aerobic bacteria and molds in one gram of
specimens. Besides, 16 samples (8%) were contaminated with at least one of the
following bacteria: Streptococcus Group D, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. A total of 34 samples (17%) could not be
consumed. The least and the most contaminated products were sanitary napkins
(0.5%) and cardboard boxes to carry sweets (5%), respectively.
Conclusion: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in cellulose
products that could cause skin, and genital and urinary tract infections asks
for more control over such sanitary products.
Bahaman Khosravi, Moslem Sharifi, Ahmad Fayaz-Bakhsh, Mostafa Hosseini,
Volume 9, Issue 6 (3-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Learning is essential in healthcare environments, where knowledge and skills are quickly outdated due to continuous advances in medical science. Organizational learning is a dynamic process that enables learning organizations to be campatible with change in good time. The aim of this study was to determine the status of organizational learning in an Iranian healthcare organization in Tehran, and to assess the extent to which this organization could be considered as a learning organization.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study, 200 nurses were selected in an Iranian healthcare organization. Dimension Learning Organizational Questionnaire (DLOQ) was used to collect data to be analyzed using descriptive statistics methods by frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
Results: The mean overall score for organizational learning was 3.36±0.69. Among the various dimension of organizational learning, continuous learning had the highest average (3.44±0.39), and the empowerment had lowest amount (2.72±0.06).
Conclusion: The findings from this study provide useful information for these organization's managers regarding the areas where there is a need for improvement in OL and to make it a more LO.
Seyed Mohammad Hadi Mousavi, Hossein Dargahi, Mojgan Asgari, Roya Sharifiyan, Golsa Shaham, Zahra Mokhtari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Organizational productivity and efficiency depends on staff members’ job satisfaction and performance. Without the participation of staff members, hospitals cannot play an important role in promoting the society’s health. This study aimed to determine staff’s job satisfaction in a teaching hospital of Tehran university of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive, analytical cross-sectional research was conducted on 172 staff members of a teaching hospital, who had been selected through random sampling. The data-collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the clinical governance department members and Cronbach’s alpha reliability estimate turned out to be 0.88.
Results: Para-clinical and service employees getting the mean scores of 72.55 and 70.71 demonstrated desired job satisfaction; nursing and administrative-financial staff members, however, showed a relatively desired job satisfaction with mean scores of 60.04 and 53.52, respectively; and the difference between job groups was significant (p=0.02) regarding job satisfaction. The highest job satisfaction figure was related to job success and the lowest pertained to the nature of the job. There was a meaningful relationship between job satisfaction on the one hand and staff members’ gender, marital status, and type of employment on the other.
Conclusion: Staff’s job satisfaction in the studied hospital has increased due to the establishment of Iran’s Healthcare Reform Plan at the beginning of 2014. However, compared with other job groups, nurses are less satisfied; therefore, it is necessary to improve nursing job satisfaction through timely payments based on job performance and difficulty level.
Mahmood Nekoui Moghadam, Narges Khanjani , Razieh Sepehrian, Tahereh Sharifi,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Health communicators with volunteer activities meet many people’s educational and informational needs in different aspects of health without additional costs. Despite the importance of communicators in health programs, the level of their cooperation or connection with our health centers has been reduced in recent years. So, this study was performed with the aim of affective factors on recruitment and retention of health communicators.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applicable study with the use of phenomenological qualitative methods. Data gathering tool was focus group discussions that were done in year 2014. A total of 39 health communicators, coaches, and experts of health communicators plan were selected using purposive sampling in Kerman city health center. Data achieved by focus group interviews were analyzed using framework analysis.
Results: Three main concepts were extracted as the results of the analysis of the qualitative data. Factors related to the health care system weaknesses of the communicator's plan, weakness of human factors (coaches and communicators), and factors related to society were the three main concepts of recruiting and retaining the health communicators.
Conclusion: Setting up the supportive and supervisory regulation by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in conjunction with this program, allocating the appropriate budget to this program, documenting achievements and appreciating the better volunteers and their coaches in the country, and planning for education of volunteers according to the health needs of the society are the solutions proposed in this study.
Hamed Basir Ghafouri, Mohammad Hosseini Kasnavieh, Marziye Alsadate Sharifi, Milad Amini, Amirreza Darzi Ramandi ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Supplement 1 2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hospitals should be able to satisfy their clients’ needs in less time and with best quality possible. Length of Stay (LOS) in hospitals is considered as a key performance indicator, especially in emergency departments. In this study, the analysis of LOS in emergency departments was performed so that some of the factors affecting patients’ length of stay could be found.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was performed in the emergency departments of two teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Seventy-two patient samples were included. The patients’ length of stay in emergency ward was measured from the entrance time until the time they left the emergency department. Data on both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytical statistics (one-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test and linear regression) were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: Patients’ average LOS in emergency departments was estimated at around 3 hours and 13 minutes (SD=1.52). Such variables as patients’ marital status, days of the week (holidays or regular days) and admission time (day or night) were determined as the factors affecting LOS.
Conclusion: The time spent to give services in hospital emergency rooms is at an appropriate level and items such as marital status, holidays of a week, and time of the day can be referred to as factors affecting patients’ length of stay. With regard to these findings, health managers can rely on the results for the effective planning and management of hospital emergency departments.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Bahram Nikmanesh, Mohammad Taghi Haghi-Ashtiani , Arash Okazi , Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi ,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In today’s world, antibiotic resistance is inevitable. This has been the case since the discovery of antibiotics. The aim of this research is to study serotyping and multiple antibiotic resistance pattern of Shigella sonnei isolated from diarrheal stool of patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 600 diarrheal stool specimens were obtained from patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran over a period of twelve months. The stool samples were collected in Cary-Blair transport medium and transferred to the laboratory. The identification was carried out according to the standard cultivation method, and the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kerry Bauer disk method according to with CLSI procedure.
Results: Out of 600 samples, only 18 (3%) were found to be contaminated with Shigella sonnei. The results of antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates showed that they were resistant to tetracycline; streptomycin, clindamycin and cortimoxazol. Furthermore, 66.67% of isolates had multiple resistance to tetracycline, cortimoxazol, streptomycin, ticarcillin and clindamycin antibiotics.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that multiple resistance of Shigella sonnei to tested antibiotics is increasing. This is alarming; necessary steps should be taken to prevent such a phenomenon.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Mojgan Karimi , Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi, Hedrosha Molla Aghamirzaei , Mohammad Hossin Mosadegh ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (Jun & Jul 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The variety of sweets along with significant difference level of hygiene in the production, supplies and high potential contamination of sweets ingredients with Escherichia coli, led to investigate the frequency of broad-spectrum beta lactamase strains of E. coli in sweets and determine the presence of SHV, TEM and CTX-M genes.
Material and methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 confectionery samples were collected from traditional confectionery workshops in Yazd. Detection of E. coli strains was carried out by standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using CLSI guidelines. Via combined ESBL disk method on the muller hinton agar medium producing strains were identified. All the ESBL producing strains were evaluated using the PCR test for the existence of SHV, TEM and CTX-M genes.
Results: In 30 isolates, (20%) E.coli was obtained. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test showed that the highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance was related to chloramphenicol l (22 isolates, 73.3%) and Imipenem (8 isolates, 26.6%). The results of the combined disk test was showed that only 9 isolates produced ESBL. The molecular analysis on considered genes indicated that 2, 4 and 3 isolates were positive for presence of TEM, SHV, and CTX-M genes, respectively.
Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant isolates in traditional Yazd sweets in this study highlights the importance of more observing and control measures in the preparation and distribution of sweets.
Sonia Hajizadeh, Hamid Choobineh, Azadeh Omidkhoda, Shaban Alizadeh, Mohammad Jafar Sharifi, Zeinab Kavosh,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (Aug & Sep 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL) is known as two or three pregnancy losses before 20th week of pregnancy. RPL accounts for 5% of abortions in women and has a devastating effect on the marital status of families. One of the reasons for RPL is hemostatic complications; thus, we studied the correlation between factor XI polymorphism and RPL in patients who referred to Helal Infertility Center(Rouyesh).
Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 144 patients with a history of miscarriages(at least two) and 150 healthy female with a minimum of one successful birth and no abortion were enrolled. DNA extraction was taken from leukocytes of whole blood. To investigate the polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction was run, and the presence of polymorphism was analyzed using RFLP method.
Results: Regarding FXI polymorphism, TT, CT, and CC genotype frequencies were 59.7%, 36.1%, and 4.2%, respectively. In healthy control group, the TT, CT, and CC frequencies were 45.3%, 49.4%, and 5.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: TT homozygote genotype could be an RPL risk factor(p<0.05); however, in its CT heterozygote form, C allele could have a protective role against RPL.
Azita Yazdani, Reza Safdari, Roxana Sharifian, Maryam Zahmatkeshan, Marjan Ghazi Saeedi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (Jun & Jul 2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: When clinical decision support systems are developed, implementing solutions that enable these systems to be -used on a large scale can reduce the production costs associated with the creation, maintenance and by sharing these systems, producing multiple clinical decision support systems will be prevented. In recent years, one of the approaches used for this purpose in combination with clinical decision support systems is the service-oriented architecture approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and importance of service-oriented architecture in delivering scalable architectures of clinical decision support systems focusing on different approaches to this architecture.
Materials and Methods: This article is a simple review article. Bibliographic databases of IEEE Explore, Science Direct, Springer, Web of Science, and Scopus were reviewed. The keywords "Service Oriented Architecture" and "clinical decision support systems" were used as keywords along with related terms for searching these databases.
Results: The clinical decision support systems based on service-oriented architecture brings benefits such as Facilitate knowledge maintenance, reducing costs and improving agility. Point-to-point communication, enterprise service bus, service registry, clinical and engine guiding engine, and service choreography and orchestration are general architectural designs that are evident in the use of web-based clinical decision support systems based on a service-oriented architecture approach.
Conclusion: Service-oriented architecture is a potential solution for delivering scalable platforms for clinical decision systems.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Hamed Asgharzadeh, Dr Ronak Bakhtiari, Dr Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi, Mrs Mahdieh Pourmoradian, Fariba Nabatchian,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (Dec & Jan 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fruit juices are an important part of modern diets that can infect various gastrointestinal tract infections if infected with pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the Frequency of Yersinia enterocolitica in traditional fruit juices shop in southern part of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 samples of fruit juice including orange juice, mango, carrot, apple and celery (5 samples from each fruit juice shop) were collected from south of Tehran and examined according to the national standard of Iran number 2946 and 9236 for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS19 software.
Results: The rate of contamination by Yersinia enterocolitica was 2% followed by Escherichia coli 25%, Shigella 14% and Salmonella 1% respectively. The Escherichia coli were isolated from all the tested fruit juice samples, Shigella in carrot and celery, and Yersinia enterocolitica in mango and apple and Salmonella in carrot juice.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest more attention and regular checking should be paid in preparation of juices in order to minimize the rate of contaminations to public health.
Emel Hoveyzi, Jila Najafpoor, Mehrdad Sharifi, Mansour Zahiri,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (Dec 2021 & Jan 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The growing health care needs of students actuated world Health Organization to develop School-based health projects in the last decades. The most important plan that has received worldwide attention and in Iran for nearly one decade is Health Promoting School (HPS) program which being implemented with collaboration of Ministries of Health and Education. Present qualitative study was conducted to evaluate this program implementation in Ahvaz education organization (District 1).
Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study data was collected by semi-structured interview. The study population consisted of school health experts affiliated with Ahvaz West Health Center and health deputy, health experts affiliated with education organization (District 1 and school headmasters and expert staffs in HPS (22 persons). The sampling was purposeful and the interviews continued until saturation of data. Content analysis was used for analysis of the data.
Results: Data analysis showed that most components of the HPS program in schools belong to education organization were not implemented properly. The major barriers were categorized into 5 and 47 main and subsidiary themes respectively. Poor stewardship and authority, policymaking and legislation, weaknesses in motivation, attitude and awareness of managers and experts, inadequacy in resources and infrastructure, ineptitude in program implementation and finally inappropriate evaluation system was specified as the main themes. According to results, some of the most important reasons for failure in HPS program consisted of, lack of functions definiteness between health deputy in ministry of health and education organization, job dissatisfaction in school health experts, not being a priority behalf education organization, insufficient delegation of authorized budget, lack of interpectoral cooperation between trustee organizations and indifference about program evaluation.
Conclusion: The most important challenge in the HPS program is the implementation barriers that make the establishment and implementation of this program almost ineffective. The serious and committed interaction between the ministry of Health and Education and between their respective provincial and county districts can provide the foundation for the implementation of this valuable program. A review of the organizational structure and executive framework of the program is also necessary.
Saeed Nazari, Simin Taj Sharififar, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Somayeh Azarmi, Yousuf Akbari Shahrestanaki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The field of pre-hospital rapid response teams is facing major challenges in the field of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents. Considering that the country of Iran is exposed to the occurrence of these incidents, the possibility of the danger of these incidents and threats cannot be ignored. This study was conducted with the aim of determining effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to CBRN accidents.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Farid Ghaffari, Seyed Amir Hosein Pishgooie, Armin Zareiyan, Simintaj Sharififar, Somayeh Azarmi,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: CBRN incidents Chemical, Biological, Radioactive and Nuclear are often unpredictable and invisible, leading to fear, anxiety, and disruptions in the provision of healthcare services in the community. The potential consequences and costs of unpreparedness for CBRN incidents can be significant. Rapid and appropriate responses to CBRN incidents play a crucial role in mitigating adverse physical health effects and reducing mortality rates. These factors heavily depend on the preparedness of hospital emergency staff. This study aimed to explore the experiences of hospital emergency clinical staff regarding their preparedness for responding to CBRN incidents in 2024 in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: The present study was a qualitative research employing a conventional content analysis approach. The study population consisted of clinical emergency staff from four hospitals, including one educational-specialized hospital, two public-general hospitals, and one private-general hospital. Participants were selected purposively and through snowball sampling, ensuring maximum variation among clinical emergency staff of hospitals in Tehran Province. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 participants, and sampling continued until data saturation was achieved. For data analysis, the qualitative approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman was employed, and MAXQDA software version 2022 was used for qualitative data management.
Results: In this study, 13 hospital emergency clinical staff members, including nurses, nursing managers, physicians, and laboratory science experts (8 males and 5 females), with an average work experience of 13 years and 11 months, were interviewed. Findings were extracted in the form of 7 main categories (resources, training and practice, contamination control, coordination, planning and instructions, management and treatment of casualties, structure), 13 subcategories, and 35 semantic codes. The results showed that the lack of specialized training, the absence of appropriate infrastructure for decontamination, and weak intra- and extra-departmental coordination are among the most important challenges to the preparedness of emergency staff in dealing with CBRN incidents. Participants also emphasized the need to provide personal protective equipment, develop specific instructions, and hold periodic drills.
Conclusion: Currently, the level of preparedness of hospital emergency clinical staff in responding to CBRN incidents is limited. Emergency staff play a vital role in responding to CBRN incidents. To ensure their preparedness and response efforts are fully effective, and considering the rising global threats of CBRN incidents, it is recommended to adopt strategies, policies, programs, coordination efforts, funding, and other necessary measures to enhance the preparedness of emergency staff for CBRN incidents.
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan, Seyed Farshad Allameh, Neda Alizadeh, Tahereh Sharifi,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Retention of faculty members is one of the fundamental challenges of the country’s health system. Therefore, this study aimed was conducted with the aim of providing strategies for retaining faculty members in the health field.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a combined manner in three stages in 2024. In a field review, related articles were reviewed from the Magiran, SID, PubMed databases and using the Google scholar search engine. Out of 18,977 identified studies, 37 articles were selected and reviewed after several stages of screening. In the second stage, 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant experts and managers using an inductive approach based on the rules of directional content analysis to identify the factors of retention of faculty members in the health field. Accordingly, the human resource management framework, which includes 5 stages of familiarization with the data, identification of the thematic framework, indexing, display with a diagram, and interpretation of the results, was used for data analysis in this study. MAXQDA-2020 software was used to analyze the research data. Finally, in the third stage, using a prioritization matrix, the solutions were scored and prioritized by 17 experts.
Results: Strategies were identified and classified into 10 areas based on the human resources management cycle, including recruitment, selection and hiring, growth and development, performance evaluation, compensation, organizational culture, improving working conditions, motivation, termination of employment, and external factors. Then, those in each area were prioritized based on their level of efficacy, with the highest priority solutions including improvement of the country’s financial and economic conditions (mean score=4.92 out of 5), an increase in faculty members’ salaries (4.90), removal of the salary cap (4.88), establishment of housing cooperatives (4.82), respect for the dignity and social status of retired professors (4.80), provision of recreational facilities for faculty members (4.79), enhancement of transparency, accountability, and adherence to the rule of law in the country (4.79), and increased faculty participation in decision-making processes (4.47).
Conclusion: Given the results, strategies such as focusing on improving the financial situation, promoting transparency, and increasing the well-being of faculty members can be effective in increasing the motivation and retention of faculty members in the health sector. Therefore, the implementation of these strategies by policymakers and education administrators is expected to improve the retention of faculty members in this sector.
