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Mohammadreza Amiresmaili , Mahmood Nekoueimoghadam , Mahmood Moosazadeh , Fatemeh Esmaili , Mahboobeh Mirtajeddini ,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Defensive medicine is a potential social problem which can bring about consequences for public health regarding the quality of personal care and wastage of limited health resources. In this study, the frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors was examined among general practitioners of Kerman city.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners in the city of Kerman. As data collection instrument, a questionnaire was given to a sample of 100 subjects. The obtained data were entered into SPSS 20 and analyzed using such descriptive statistics as frequency percentage and mean, and applying analytical tests such as chi-square and t-test.
Results: In this research, 100 general practitioners were studied. The frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behavior was 99% and 47%, respectively. Besides, the positive defensive medicine behavior in men was more than that in women (100% vs. 97.2%) on the contrary, the negative defensive medicine behavior in women was more than that in men (52.8% vs. 43.8%). Explaining in more detail about taking medicines properly and on time and avoiding the prescription of risky behaviors which might be useful to patients had the highest frequency among positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors, respectively.
Conclusion : The present study showed that the frequency of defensive medicine was high in the studied population and that the application of factors related to this phenomenon by the participants of the present study was prevalent.
Fatemeh Rangrazjeddi , Alireza Moraveji , Fatemeh Abazari ,
Volume 7, Issue 6 (3-2014)
Volume 7, Issue 6 (3-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is the explicit use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Hospital information system (HIS) can act as a bridge between medical data and medical knowledge through merging of patient's data, individual clinical knowledge and external evidences .The aim of this research was to determine the Capability to establish EBM by HIS.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on HISs of 30 hospitals from March to October 2011. Data were collected using a researcher- constructed checklist including applicant’s background information as well as information based on research objectives. Validity of the checklist were assessed by the qualified specialists and then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: HISs lacked the essential components for providing access to CDSS, Reference databases and internet-based health information in 19, 16 and 20 hospitals were 63.3%, 53.3% and 66.7%, respectively. Twenty-two hospitals (70%) had more than two-thirds of the essential components to access clinical and administrative data repositories 23 hospitals (76.7%) had at least one essential component to access contextual and case specific information.
Conclusion: The Capability of HIS is better in order to place EBM in having access to the clinical and administrator data repositories while it needs more attention in other areas.
Reza Safdari, Hossein Dargahi, Farzin Halabchi, Kamran Shadanfar, Robab Abdolkhani,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The quality of health record depends on the quality of its content and proper documentation. Minimum data set makes a standard method for collecting key data elements that make them easy to understand and enable comparison. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum data set for Iranian athletes’ health records.
Materials and Methods: This study is an applied research of a descriptive - comparative type which was carried out in 2013. By using internal and external forms of documentation, a checklist was created that included data elements of athletes health record and was subjected to debate in Delphi method by experts in the field of sports medicine and health information management.
Results: From 97 elements which were subjected to discussion, 85 elements by more than 75 percent of the participants (as the main elements) and 12 elements by 50 to 75 percent of the participants (as the proposed elements) were agreed upon. In about 97 elements of the case, there was no significant difference between responses of alumni groups of sport pathology and sports medicine specialists with medical record, medical informatics and information management professionals.
Conclusion: Minimum data set of Iranian athletes’ health record with four information categories including demographic information, health history, assessment and treatment plan was presented. The proposed model is available for manual and electronic medical records.
Seyed Reza Hejazi, Payam Mansoor Hosseini ,
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Volume 8, Issue 2 (7-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nanomedicine is growing very fast. Transfer and commercialization of research results in Nanomedicine is a missing link between technology and market. This is affected by some factors which are barriers to commercialization. The aim of this study was to identify barriers to transfer and commercialize nanomedicine research results in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The research method was qualitative method based on eight semi-structured in-depth interviews with nanomedicine and commercialization experts in year 2011 in Iran.
Results: The proposed model of commercialization consisted of five distinct parts: transferor, transferee, transfer object, transfer mechanisms and environmental factors. In this study twenty six environmental factors in seven categories as Environmental Barriers to Transfer and Commercialization of Nanomedicine Research Results was identified.
Conclusion: The most important barrier to nanomedicine commercialization in Iran are licensing system, lack of capital, and consumption culture.
Leila Goudarzi, Aslan Nazari, Ghasem Rajabi Vasokolaee , Mohammad Salimi, Mehdi Raadabadi,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Volume 8, Issue 4 (11-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to certain problems including being away from their families, entering a large and full-of-tension environment, and having economic problems caused by lack of sufficient income, students are likely to lose their mental health. This study is aimed to investigate college students' conditions and lifestyle at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 students from School of Allied Medicine were selected through simple sampling. Data collection tools included demographic questions and a lifestyle questionnaire. After collecting the questionnaires and coding the questions, the obtained data were analyzed through such statistical tests as t-test and ANOVA using SPSS software version 18.
Results: Students' scores on lifestyle test were in the intermediate range and far from a desired situation. A two-sample t-tests did not show a significant relationship between students' lifestyle and their gender and marital status (P>0.05). Moreover, ANOVA test didn't show a significant relationship between students' age and educational level on the one hand and their lifestyle factor on the other.
Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that students' lifestyle scores were in the intermediate range and that the situation was far from good. Standard educational programs and interventions should be designed to change students' lifestyle. Nutritional and physical support systems and educational, cultural, and entertainment programs in the department of physical education can minimize the concerns and preoccupations of the studied population group.
Mostafa Rabieyan, Alireza Darrudi, Nader Bahman, Arefeh Ahmadi, Negin Bashari,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Some economists and authorities in the field of management believe that entrepreneurship is a motive and advancement engine. The development of entrepreneurship requires high level of entrepreneurial spirit and university students are considered to be the cornerstones of such entrepreneurship. Therefore, the study investigated School of Allied Medical Sciences of Tehran University of Medical Sciences student’s spirit of entrepreneurship in year 2013. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The participants were the undergraduate students of school of Allied Medical Sciences of Tehran University of Medical Sciences who entered university in October month of year 2011. Based on stratified random sampling which was proportional to the size of the society, 216 subjects were enrolled. In this study the standardized questionnaire consisted of two parts: demographic characteristics and the information related to the components of entrepreneurship. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (one sample t-test, independent t). Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the students were 20/44 ±1/90 year, respectively. The Percentage of entrepreneurship spirit of all students was 59/90, which was higher than the gained mean percentage (50). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that was the studied subjects had high power of spirit of entrepreneurship which higher than the mean percentage. This finding can help the policy-makers to provide a way for the students to plan and implement the programs related to development and education of entrepreneurship.
Maryam Ahmadi, Tayebeh Noori, Kambiz Bahaadin Beigy , Esmaeil Mehraeen,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: For more than forty years, telemental health services have been used as a successful mean in various fields such as treatment and preventive interventions. This study was aimed to determine the viewpoints of health information management (HIM), and mental health professionals about telemental health services for veterans with mental disorders.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2013. The study population consisted of two groups: the first group included mental health professionals working in psychiatric hospitals in Tehran and the second group comprised HIM professionals. The data were collected using a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by experts and the reliability was estimated through test-retest method. The data analysis was performed using SPSS 17.0 and descriptive statistics.
Results: The findings showed that from the mental health experts' viewpoints, highest impact of the use of telemental health services related to medical travel costs with average 4.37 and the lowest impact replacement with the face to face treatment with average 2.68.
Conclusion: In general, the groups participating in this study stated that in situations where access to care was difficult, telemental health services could be used as a reliable alternative for the war disabled care needs. Therefore, it is suggested that Iranian foundation of Martyrs and Veterans Affairs and the health system administrators take more serious measures for the implementation of telemedicine for veterans.
Nikzad Iesazadeh , Reza Salimi , Mohammad Mahdi Esfahani ,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Requisite to achieve a correct understanding of the meaning and purpose traditions In addition to the general regulations of understanding human speech, the application of certain rules and regulations "Methodology of understand traditions" can be interpreted. The Principle of methodology of understand those traditions at odds with the theory (philosophical hermeneutics) who believe that the text should not be understood to mean the process of achieving text through the systematic understand. But, the interpreter has always been faced with a prior grasp with text and following the disclosure of the before understanding had about the text.
Materials and Methods: This was a review study that induced by library texts and search engines in order to identify and analysis of the related different references.
Results: Refer readers to specific individuals by the Ahl al-Bayt to achieve the correct meaning and intent and lawful of traditions the best evidence of systematic understanding of the traditions and the traditions of medicine.
Conclusion: Proof the above principle as the basis to understand the traditions must have a hand in self- traditions, both internal and external characteristics including "there are different levels of meaning", "similarity", "manuscripts", "application" and other characteristics have to searched. On the other hand, return to the traditional reasons that to explicitly methodology of understand of these religious texts were approved. Traditions indicating the logic of understanding that is includes traditions such as "supply of mutashabihat on the mhkmat", "supply of traditions on the verses and certain of traditions". The narrative implies the use of Ahl al-Bayt from the principles of common sense is the some of these reasons.
Seyed Javad Ghazi Mirsaeed , Elahe Ommati,
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Volume 10, Issue 5 (1-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: As a new educational innovation, "MOOC" refers to Massive Open Online Course which provide the chance of training for the public. Regarding the importance of MOOC production for improving health literacy knowledge in the medical field, the purpose of the present study was to comparatively investigate the MOOC presented on the Maktab Khaneh website based on quadruple indexes focusing on the field of medicine, determining and explaining it.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and an applied research, which has been conducted in January 2016. Statistical population was all of the educational course presented by the Maktab Khaneh website. Data were collected using direct observation of the Maktab Khaneh website and courses was studied according to quadruple indexes of MOOC, universities cooperation and the education field. The collected data was analyzed after being entered into the statistical software Excel using descriptive statistics.
Results: Based on obtaining data, courses presented by the Maktab Khaneh website were Massive, Open, Online, But some of them were the Courses. Major cooperation was from Sharif University of Technology, Khan Academy, and then Tehran University. Whereas, cooperation of other universities was low.
Conclusion: Despite the necessity of MOOC production in the medical field, MOOC production rate in the medical filed was very low. Faculty members of different universities and institutes are suggested to exploit this new educational innovation and take effective actions for introducing MOOC.
Samin Nobakht, Somayeh Bagheri, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Ahmad Reza Shamsabadi,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Successful implementation and optimum use of telemedicine technology depends on providing the necessary infrastructure and the success factors of this technology, such as high-speed broadband. The present study is aimed at feasibility study on the implementation of telemedicine in selected hospitals of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in selected hospitals in 2016. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity and structure were measured by four professors of health information management. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal correlation test (Cronbach's alpha=0.83). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics.
Results: According to the findings, 82.2% of the hospitals had no access to
high-speed broadband and only 5.5% had optics fiber. Insurance and repayment obstacles and shortages of technical staff were identified as the main barriers and medical personnel's resistance and licensing issues were identified as the low importance barriers to the implementation of this technology. Organizational and cultural factors (p-value=0.001), technical infrastructure (p-value=0.005) and financial requirements (p-value=0.021) of telemedicine technology had a significant difference of 5% error rate with education level and orientation.
Conclusion: Due to barriers such as lack of video conferencing tools, the lack of high-speed broadband, and inadequate funding for the purchase and implementation of the necessary equipment, the studied hospitals currently were not able to provide telemedicine services.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in selected hospitals in 2016. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that its content validity and structure were measured by four professors of health information management. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined using internal correlation test (Cronbach's alpha=0.83). The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics (average and standard deviation) and inferential statistics.
Results: According to the findings, 82.2% of the hospitals had no access to
high-speed broadband and only 5.5% had optics fiber. Insurance and repayment obstacles and shortages of technical staff were identified as the main barriers and medical personnel's resistance and licensing issues were identified as the low importance barriers to the implementation of this technology. Organizational and cultural factors (p-value=0.001), technical infrastructure (p-value=0.005) and financial requirements (p-value=0.021) of telemedicine technology had a significant difference of 5% error rate with education level and orientation.
Conclusion: Due to barriers such as lack of video conferencing tools, the lack of high-speed broadband, and inadequate funding for the purchase and implementation of the necessary equipment, the studied hospitals currently were not able to provide telemedicine services.
Arefeh Kalavani, Maryam Kazerani, Maryam Shekofteh,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the development of the Internet and databases and the increasing need to institutionalize evidence-based medicine, physicians' awareness and use of evidence-based medical databases and concepts are considered to be necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and use of evidence-based medical concepts and databases among residents of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).
Materials and Methods: The present study is an applied and descriptive research. The population of this study comprised 192 SBMU residents in 2016. A questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software was applied for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that residents obtained 2.99 for knowledge and 2.73 for the use of evidence-based medical databases out of a total average of 5 points, which indicates that their knowledge and practical use of evidence-based medical databases are moderate. Databases about which residents have the highest knowledge and practical use are UpToDate, PubMed Clinical Queries, and
Cochrane, respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of residents at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences do not have sufficient awareness about databases and concepts of evidence-based medicine; in fact, most of the resources that are used to answer their information needs are non-evidence-based resources. Therefore, planning to accept evidence-based medicine and databases and teach them to residents is essential.
Materials and Methods: The present study is an applied and descriptive research. The population of this study comprised 192 SBMU residents in 2016. A questionnaire was used for data collection and SPSS software was applied for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that residents obtained 2.99 for knowledge and 2.73 for the use of evidence-based medical databases out of a total average of 5 points, which indicates that their knowledge and practical use of evidence-based medical databases are moderate. Databases about which residents have the highest knowledge and practical use are UpToDate, PubMed Clinical Queries, and
Cochrane, respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of residents at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences do not have sufficient awareness about databases and concepts of evidence-based medicine; in fact, most of the resources that are used to answer their information needs are non-evidence-based resources. Therefore, planning to accept evidence-based medicine and databases and teach them to residents is essential.
Reza Safdari, Seyed Sina Marashi Shooshtari, Marzieh Esmaeili, Fozieh Tahmasbi, Zohreh Javanmard,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The importance of managing medicines and medical devices as vital resources in healthcare industry cannot be ignored. Therefore, the application of coding systems could be of great help in the control of the required processes. This study aims to develop a coding system for medicines and medical devices in Iran.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was planned to be carried out in four phases from September 2018 to August 2019. To identify the requirements of designing a coding system for the classification of medicines and medical devices, library resources were studied, and the existing coding systems in the area of medicines and medical devices came under scrutiny. Then, based on the expert opinion on the results, the initial model of the coding system was designed.
Results: Thirty-five coding systems were identified and investigated. To design the proposed system, two coding systems -- ATC/DDD and UMDNS -- were selected as a core for medicines and medical devices, respectively. Then, based on expert opinion, the axes for the place of consumption and the placement of products and also the application of Quick Response (QR) code for data encoding were added.
Conclusion: The design and development of a comprehensive coding system–which is in compliance with the international protocols and capable of including both medicines and medical devices simultaneously – could be very helpful. Besides, using the location axis in the structure of coding system can improve the management of these products.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was planned to be carried out in four phases from September 2018 to August 2019. To identify the requirements of designing a coding system for the classification of medicines and medical devices, library resources were studied, and the existing coding systems in the area of medicines and medical devices came under scrutiny. Then, based on the expert opinion on the results, the initial model of the coding system was designed.
Results: Thirty-five coding systems were identified and investigated. To design the proposed system, two coding systems -- ATC/DDD and UMDNS -- were selected as a core for medicines and medical devices, respectively. Then, based on expert opinion, the axes for the place of consumption and the placement of products and also the application of Quick Response (QR) code for data encoding were added.
Conclusion: The design and development of a comprehensive coding system–which is in compliance with the international protocols and capable of including both medicines and medical devices simultaneously – could be very helpful. Besides, using the location axis in the structure of coding system can improve the management of these products.
Ali Abedini Abedini , Hamidreza Irani, Hamidreza Yazdani,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the variety of herbal medicine products and brands, competition among herbal medicine manufacturing companies has become a scientific and tactical competition. Herbal medicine companies by identifying the problems of pharmaceutical distribution companies can evaluate them and find solutions to their problems and finally, they can maintain their competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the marketing channel problems of herbal medicine from the perspective of pharmaceutical distribution companies.
Materials and Methods: In this research, with exploratory interviews, the marketing channel problems of herbal medicine were identified from the perspective of distributors and analyzed using content analysis method. The statistical population of this study was pharmaceutical distributor’s managers in Tehran provinces, among which 16 persons were selected through the judgmental and snowball sampling method.
Results: The results showed the marketing channel problems of herbal medicines were categorized in Product, Prices, Place, Promotion, Physical Evidence, Process and People.
Conclusion: The government and the laws, in addition to the marketing can affect the marketing channel problems of these drugs from the perspective of distributors.
Materials and Methods: In this research, with exploratory interviews, the marketing channel problems of herbal medicine were identified from the perspective of distributors and analyzed using content analysis method. The statistical population of this study was pharmaceutical distributor’s managers in Tehran provinces, among which 16 persons were selected through the judgmental and snowball sampling method.
Results: The results showed the marketing channel problems of herbal medicines were categorized in Product, Prices, Place, Promotion, Physical Evidence, Process and People.
Conclusion: The government and the laws, in addition to the marketing can affect the marketing channel problems of these drugs from the perspective of distributors.
Mehdi Dadashi Arani, Gholamreza Mastali Parsa,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical concepts can be studied in language and literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the term"pezeshk" and"medical terminology” in ancient Iran, in Persian language and literature, and in Mashreqi Shirazi poems.
Materials and Methods: This research has been done by reviewing and studying three articles, three databases, and about fifteen books. Since the subject of study is “medicine in Iran” and “Persian language and literature”, non-Iranian physicians and Iranians whose works are in Arabic have been excluded from this study.
Results: The history of medicine in Iran is as old as the history of Iran itself; and its influence can be clearly seen in Persian language and literature. The root of the term“pezeshk” is Avestan(Baesha-za), which has changed to Baesha-zak in the Middle Persian and in Bejeshk and Pezeshk in Parsian, which is still used today. The names of many Iranian ancient therapists are associated today with widely used medical terms: Trita is one of the first Aryan therapists, and his name is the same as“treat”. The names of some ancient Iranians are considered as the first ones in the world of medicine, e.g., Mehrdad II Ashkani, the first immunologist. Besides, in this study, the influence of medicine on literature was proved in the poetry of Mashreqi Shirazi(970-1038 AH), a shiite poet.
Conclusion: Medicine is not an imported science to Iran and the history of medical science in this country is, as evidenced by history, as old as the history of Iran. This longevity can be seen in the Persian word “pezeshk” itself, and in the names of the first Aryan and Iranian physicians and the medical schools of ancient Iran. The global name of Medicine is taken from the first historical dynasty of Iran, Maad(Medi in Greek), and one of the first Maad healers, Cina(Cine) Moghani. In literature, it is apparent that Hakim Mashreqi was aware of medicine. Such awareness included the constituent elements of the body, name of some diseases, treatment and the name of some drugs.
Materials and Methods: This research has been done by reviewing and studying three articles, three databases, and about fifteen books. Since the subject of study is “medicine in Iran” and “Persian language and literature”, non-Iranian physicians and Iranians whose works are in Arabic have been excluded from this study.
Results: The history of medicine in Iran is as old as the history of Iran itself; and its influence can be clearly seen in Persian language and literature. The root of the term“pezeshk” is Avestan(Baesha-za), which has changed to Baesha-zak in the Middle Persian and in Bejeshk and Pezeshk in Parsian, which is still used today. The names of many Iranian ancient therapists are associated today with widely used medical terms: Trita is one of the first Aryan therapists, and his name is the same as“treat”. The names of some ancient Iranians are considered as the first ones in the world of medicine, e.g., Mehrdad II Ashkani, the first immunologist. Besides, in this study, the influence of medicine on literature was proved in the poetry of Mashreqi Shirazi(970-1038 AH), a shiite poet.
Conclusion: Medicine is not an imported science to Iran and the history of medical science in this country is, as evidenced by history, as old as the history of Iran. This longevity can be seen in the Persian word “pezeshk” itself, and in the names of the first Aryan and Iranian physicians and the medical schools of ancient Iran. The global name of Medicine is taken from the first historical dynasty of Iran, Maad(Medi in Greek), and one of the first Maad healers, Cina(Cine) Moghani. In literature, it is apparent that Hakim Mashreqi was aware of medicine. Such awareness included the constituent elements of the body, name of some diseases, treatment and the name of some drugs.
Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi,
Volume 14, Issue 5 (1-2021)
Volume 14, Issue 5 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality are immersive technologies that integrate virtual and real-world elements. These technologies have been used to help and improve human capabilities in many fields. Virtual and augmented systems are used in various medical situations. They are effective options in most stages of patient treatment and performing medical procedures. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the applications of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the field of medicine and rank them.
Materials and Methods: This applied research was conducted in two phases using mixed-method approach in 2020. Library resources were used in the qualitative phase and a questionnaire in the quantitative phase. The applications of virtual and augmented reality technologies were ranked by a panel of experts having 13 members. Finally, Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis(SWARA) method was used to rank the applications of technologies in medicine.
Results: The results of SWARA method showed that education (0.252), surgery (0.216), health games (0.188), patient control and diagnosis (0.186), and pharma (0.158) were the most important applications of virtual and augmented reality in medicine.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be acknowledged that medical education and surgery are the most important applications of augmented and virtual reality technologies in medicine. Therefore, policymakers and hospital managers must use this ranking for the development of virtual and augmented reality technologies in their organization to provide better services to the customers and patients.
Materials and Methods: This applied research was conducted in two phases using mixed-method approach in 2020. Library resources were used in the qualitative phase and a questionnaire in the quantitative phase. The applications of virtual and augmented reality technologies were ranked by a panel of experts having 13 members. Finally, Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis(SWARA) method was used to rank the applications of technologies in medicine.
Results: The results of SWARA method showed that education (0.252), surgery (0.216), health games (0.188), patient control and diagnosis (0.186), and pharma (0.158) were the most important applications of virtual and augmented reality in medicine.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be acknowledged that medical education and surgery are the most important applications of augmented and virtual reality technologies in medicine. Therefore, policymakers and hospital managers must use this ranking for the development of virtual and augmented reality technologies in their organization to provide better services to the customers and patients.
Marjan Ghazi Saeedi, Mozhgan Tanhapour,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Telemedicine provides medical services remotely. There are some problems with implementing telemedicine projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most common telemedicine services in Iran and other developed countries as well as examine the legal, financial and privacy challenges of telemedicine services in these countries, especially in the era of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Material and Methods: In this study, the status of telemedicine in Iran and developed countries was reviewed. Thus, related papers and grey literature were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran scientific databases. Also, related websites including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined. According to the study’s purposes, the relevant resources were selected and summarized by researchers.
Results: Radiology, psychiatry and cardiology are the most widely used telemedicine services for interaction with patients as well as emergency, pathology and radiology for healthcare professional communication. Teleconsulting is the most widely used telemedicine service in Iran. There are some laws such as article 74 from section 14 in the Iran development plan to support the provision of e-health and telemedicine services. Also, there are some limited laws for patients’ privacy. In Europe, there is a set of guidelines for health websites, mobile health and cross-border exchange of health information, etc. although there are no uniform laws about telemedicine. HIPAA in the United States and GDPR in Europe are some privacy laws in developed countries. There are some restrictions on telemedicine reimbursement in the United States including the fee-for-service payment model; however, the costs of telemedicine in the United States are usually less than face-to-face treatment.
Conclusion: In the present era using telemedicine services become a requirement due to the outbreaks of epidemics such as COVID-19. Concerning the experience of developed countries, telemedicine services development in Iran requires some considerations in terms of legal, financial and privacy aspects including the creation of explicit laws on patients and healthcare provider’s rights, providing the telemedicine guidelines in different clinical fields such as structured formats for teleconsultation as well as the explicit laws for preserving the patient’s privacy.
Material and Methods: In this study, the status of telemedicine in Iran and developed countries was reviewed. Thus, related papers and grey literature were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran scientific databases. Also, related websites including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined. According to the study’s purposes, the relevant resources were selected and summarized by researchers.
Results: Radiology, psychiatry and cardiology are the most widely used telemedicine services for interaction with patients as well as emergency, pathology and radiology for healthcare professional communication. Teleconsulting is the most widely used telemedicine service in Iran. There are some laws such as article 74 from section 14 in the Iran development plan to support the provision of e-health and telemedicine services. Also, there are some limited laws for patients’ privacy. In Europe, there is a set of guidelines for health websites, mobile health and cross-border exchange of health information, etc. although there are no uniform laws about telemedicine. HIPAA in the United States and GDPR in Europe are some privacy laws in developed countries. There are some restrictions on telemedicine reimbursement in the United States including the fee-for-service payment model; however, the costs of telemedicine in the United States are usually less than face-to-face treatment.
Conclusion: In the present era using telemedicine services become a requirement due to the outbreaks of epidemics such as COVID-19. Concerning the experience of developed countries, telemedicine services development in Iran requires some considerations in terms of legal, financial and privacy aspects including the creation of explicit laws on patients and healthcare provider’s rights, providing the telemedicine guidelines in different clinical fields such as structured formats for teleconsultation as well as the explicit laws for preserving the patient’s privacy.
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghian, Seyed Amirhossein Mahdavi, Farhad Habibi, Masoud Shafiei,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The American Psychiatric Association identifies suicide as the third leading cause of death among people aged 15 to 24. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating factors affecting of the occurrence of suicides leading to death in corpses referred to the Forensic Medicine Organization of Tehran Province from 2010 to 2019.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in 2019 year. The statistical population includes all bodies referred to forensic medicine. The information related to all corpses referred to forensic medicine which was analyzed between 2010 and 2019 were 5471 cases. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to analyze the data. P-value less than 0.05% was considered valid.
Results: The results showed that 50% of suicide deaths were under 32 years old. Sixty-nine point two percent of suicides leading to death are male and the rest are female. The highest frequency in terms of method was related to the hanging method, 39.3%, and in the youth age group, in terms of the level of education in men, high school diploma and diploma in women. The highest frequency of suicide related to singles was 47.1% and 27.4% in the summer season. The most common method of suicide was hanging, with more than 39%, followed by poisoning with poison, with more than 25% of cases. The least used method was drowning.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that factors such as age, sex, level of education, and even geographic and social factors are among the factors that affect suicide, which can help policymakers, managers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and related organizations. Paying attention to educational literacy, employment status and income level of people, special attention of families to adolescent and young boys and girls and especially their marital status can be effective measures to prevent suicide.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in 2019 year. The statistical population includes all bodies referred to forensic medicine. The information related to all corpses referred to forensic medicine which was analyzed between 2010 and 2019 were 5471 cases. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to analyze the data. P-value less than 0.05% was considered valid.
Results: The results showed that 50% of suicide deaths were under 32 years old. Sixty-nine point two percent of suicides leading to death are male and the rest are female. The highest frequency in terms of method was related to the hanging method, 39.3%, and in the youth age group, in terms of the level of education in men, high school diploma and diploma in women. The highest frequency of suicide related to singles was 47.1% and 27.4% in the summer season. The most common method of suicide was hanging, with more than 39%, followed by poisoning with poison, with more than 25% of cases. The least used method was drowning.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it seems that factors such as age, sex, level of education, and even geographic and social factors are among the factors that affect suicide, which can help policymakers, managers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and related organizations. Paying attention to educational literacy, employment status and income level of people, special attention of families to adolescent and young boys and girls and especially their marital status can be effective measures to prevent suicide.
Fatemeh Bahador, Azam Sabahi, Somayeh Paydar, Fatemeh Zangooei Seno,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today along with information technology development, telemedicine technology has expanded dramatically. Sinse telemedicine technology relies on data transmission, it is essential to pay attention to issues such as network security, confidentiality, and privacy of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the importance of information security requirements in telemedicine networks based on managers and employees of the information technology unit of the University and teaching hospitals of Birjand city
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021. The research population was The managers and employees of the information technology unit of the university and teaching hospitals of Birjand city (40 people), who were surveyed by the census. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed its validity by faculty members and experts, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that the security requirement related to information transportation is more important than other requirements. Also in the field of human resources, providing detailed documentation and training guides for users of the systems was with an average of (4.47). In the medical diagnosis equipment field, telemedicine network systems are equipped with emergency power was with an average of (4.72). In the storage and access to information context, installing antiviruses and anti-malware on all systems was with an average of (4.75), and also in the field of information transfer, encryption of important and sensitive files and information was with an average of (4.69) were the most important security needs.
Conclusions: As the results showed, security requirements related to information transfer have more importance than other requirements; Initially, information security can be guaranteed by creating security policies, updating and monitoring their implementation, as well as training employees. However, in order to transfer sensitive medical information, encryption and qualification verification methods, secure information transfer protocols, virtual and private networks (VPN) and other new technologies can be used in this field. Of course, necessary preparations should be made to create appropriate technical infrastructure for the implementation of security policies in information transmission.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021. The research population was The managers and employees of the information technology unit of the university and teaching hospitals of Birjand city (40 people), who were surveyed by the census. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed its validity by faculty members and experts, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that the security requirement related to information transportation is more important than other requirements. Also in the field of human resources, providing detailed documentation and training guides for users of the systems was with an average of (4.47). In the medical diagnosis equipment field, telemedicine network systems are equipped with emergency power was with an average of (4.72). In the storage and access to information context, installing antiviruses and anti-malware on all systems was with an average of (4.75), and also in the field of information transfer, encryption of important and sensitive files and information was with an average of (4.69) were the most important security needs.
Conclusions: As the results showed, security requirements related to information transfer have more importance than other requirements; Initially, information security can be guaranteed by creating security policies, updating and monitoring their implementation, as well as training employees. However, in order to transfer sensitive medical information, encryption and qualification verification methods, secure information transfer protocols, virtual and private networks (VPN) and other new technologies can be used in this field. Of course, necessary preparations should be made to create appropriate technical infrastructure for the implementation of security policies in information transmission.
Miss Maryam Eslami, Javad Jahangirzadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The curriculum as the heart of the educational system is one of the effective factors in achieving the goals and mission of the university and its evaluation is of particular importance. Since medical education deals with human life and clerkships also play an essential role in shaping the professional abilities of medical students, this research was conducted with the aim of determining the desirability of clerkship programs from the point of view of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the Covid-19 pandemic based on the nine elements of Francis Klein.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was 487 medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were undergoing the clerkship stage at the time of the research, and the questionnaire was provided to them in the form of a census. The number of samples was determined based on Morgan’s table of 215 people. The research tool was a standard questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by professors in the field of educational sciences, and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha method of 0.794. Descriptive statistics (including statistical tables, graphs, central and dispersion indices) and inferential statistics (including one-sample t-tests and independent two-sample t-tests) were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that clerkship programs from the point of view of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the covid-19 disease, considering that the t-statistic of all research variables is less than 1.96 (educational objectives t=-4.735, educational content t=0/666, learning activities t=-7.812, teaching strategies t=-4.246, educational materials and resources t=-0.970, grouping of learners t=-5.223, learning space (place) t=-4.029, learning time t=-5.043, and learning evaluation t=-7.348) were not desirable in terms of all elements. It was also found that there is no significant difference in attitudes between male and female students regarding the desirability of these programs except for the element of educational goals.
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the medical clerkship programs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences are facing challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a program that is compatible with the conditions and can meet the educational needs of the learners.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population was 487 medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were undergoing the clerkship stage at the time of the research, and the questionnaire was provided to them in the form of a census. The number of samples was determined based on Morgan’s table of 215 people. The research tool was a standard questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by professors in the field of educational sciences, and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha method of 0.794. Descriptive statistics (including statistical tables, graphs, central and dispersion indices) and inferential statistics (including one-sample t-tests and independent two-sample t-tests) were used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that clerkship programs from the point of view of medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences during the covid-19 disease, considering that the t-statistic of all research variables is less than 1.96 (educational objectives t=-4.735, educational content t=0/666, learning activities t=-7.812, teaching strategies t=-4.246, educational materials and resources t=-0.970, grouping of learners t=-5.223, learning space (place) t=-4.029, learning time t=-5.043, and learning evaluation t=-7.348) were not desirable in terms of all elements. It was also found that there is no significant difference in attitudes between male and female students regarding the desirability of these programs except for the element of educational goals.
Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the medical clerkship programs of Tehran University of Medical Sciences are facing challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a program that is compatible with the conditions and can meet the educational needs of the learners.
Davoud Haseli, Somayeh Paknahad,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bibliometric analysis by describing the state of publications and identifying key entities and emerging topics plays an important role in evaluating research. The aim of the paper is to study the global trends of scientific collaboration networks of researchers, organizations and countries and the co-occurrence of words in the field of social medicine in the database of Web of Science.
Materials and Methods: The method of investigation is bibliometric. The sample comprises 8494 publications in the area of social medicine between 2002 and 2021 in the Web of science database. The drawing of the scientific collaboration network of researchers, organisations and countries, and the analysis of the words network of co-occurrence, was made using the bibliometric software Vosviewer.
Results: The publication process of social medicine documents in the target period is increasing. Research articles had the highest number of documents frequency and review articles received the most citations. The United States had the most published literature in this area, and most authors and organizations were from that country. The degrees of two countries, Canada and Australia, had the most citations per documents, and the five countries of South Africa, Portugal, Pakistan, India, and Iran were emerging players in this field. The network of words co-occurrence of social medicine in three groups was devoted to “preventive research in social medicine”, “social determinants of health” and “healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity”. In terms of temporal occurrence, the five keywords public health, mental health, social medicine, meta-analysis and epidemiology were emerging subjects in the area of social medicine.
Conclusion: Understanding impact of non-clinical studies of social medicine on people’s lives has led to an increase in research in this field. In addition to the traditional role of developed countries, some developing countries are also new players in this field and seeking to develop their infrastructure in social medicine.
Materials and Methods: The method of investigation is bibliometric. The sample comprises 8494 publications in the area of social medicine between 2002 and 2021 in the Web of science database. The drawing of the scientific collaboration network of researchers, organisations and countries, and the analysis of the words network of co-occurrence, was made using the bibliometric software Vosviewer.
Results: The publication process of social medicine documents in the target period is increasing. Research articles had the highest number of documents frequency and review articles received the most citations. The United States had the most published literature in this area, and most authors and organizations were from that country. The degrees of two countries, Canada and Australia, had the most citations per documents, and the five countries of South Africa, Portugal, Pakistan, India, and Iran were emerging players in this field. The network of words co-occurrence of social medicine in three groups was devoted to “preventive research in social medicine”, “social determinants of health” and “healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity”. In terms of temporal occurrence, the five keywords public health, mental health, social medicine, meta-analysis and epidemiology were emerging subjects in the area of social medicine.
Conclusion: Understanding impact of non-clinical studies of social medicine on people’s lives has led to an increase in research in this field. In addition to the traditional role of developed countries, some developing countries are also new players in this field and seeking to develop their infrastructure in social medicine.
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