Mohammad Reza Rezayi Mofrad, Fatemeh Rangraz Jeddi, Maryam Rangraz Jeddi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Knowledge about the external causes of accidents is vital for their prevention, and insufficient data on external causes can reduce their usefulness. That is why, the adequacy of the sources of data is of great importance. The aim of this research is to study the adequacy of data regarding the injuries' external causes for coding based on ICD-10 in inpatient medical records and emergency wards of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive cross-sectional research was done on 1000 patients in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital in 1386 (2007). The data needed for coding were chosen from medical records based on ICD-10 rules and for the following groups: transportation accidents, poisoning, burns, lightning, assaults, respiratory threats, intentional self harm, contact with venomous animals, and exposure to animate and inanimate mechanical forces. Then, the data were put in a checklist and analyzed with SPSS and descriptive statistics.
Results: The data required for the three main characters of the external causes of injuries were adequate in 740 files (47%) the figure for the fourth character of the external causes of transportation accidents was found to be 430 (88.7%). Figures for the place of occurrence and the type of subjects' activities at the time of accidents were found to be sufficient in 109 cases (21.16%) and 50 cases (5%), respectively.
Conclusion: Data on the eternal causes of injuries do not have the required adequacy. More evaluations are essential to enhance the adequacy of such data
Seyed Amir Hossein Emami, Shahin Mohammadi, Saeed Kavyani, Masud Soleimani, Shaban Alizadeh, Ehteram Dejbakhsh, Fatemeh Kouhkan, Majid Mossahebi, Hossein Dargahi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Micro RNAs are a group of small non-coding RNAs which play an important role in multiple processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cancer. Recent studies indicate that mir-210 is overexpressed into erythroid linage during the differentiation of hematopoietic precursor. The main goal of the present study is to investigate the influence of mir-210 on the pattern of expression in hemoglobin gamma chain.
Materials and Methods: First, K562 cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 media. Then, pre-miR-210 was transferred into K562 cell line by lipofectamin. Finally, the alterations in the pattern of gamma chain expression were analyzed in days 7 and 14 by RT-PCR and real time PCR technique.
Results: It was demonstrated that the overexpression of mir-210 in K562 cell line would lead to a 25-fold increase in the expression of gamma chain in comparison with the control group. Data analysis revealed that the change in the pattern of hemoglobin gamma chain expression was meaningful (p<0.002).
Conclusion: Based on these data, overexpression of mir-210 can lead to a significant increase in the production of gamma chain. Therefore, more studies in the field may reveal the fact that an increase in mir-210 can be a suitable goal in the improvement of sickle cell anemia and β-thalassemia.
Hiwa Abdekhoda, Ali Reza Noruzi, Masoud Mohammadi,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Self-citation, as one of the limitations of citation analysis, unusually affects the ranking of journals. This study aims to evaluate the degree of relationship between self-citation and immediacy index correlation of Iranian medical journals indexed in Scopus Citation Index between 2005 and 2009.
Materials and Methods: The method of the study is survey-descriptive in which citation analysis is used. The study included all Iran-based English medical journals indexed in Scopus database up to May 2009. The control list was prepared and its validity was confirmed. Data were collected by referring to Scopus website and publication review resources, and analyzed by statistical software and appropriate methods.
Results: The findings showed that self-citation rate of journals was 29.64 percent, which comprised 14.43 percent of the total number of citations. There was a significant relationship (at the level of 0.01) between self-citation rate and immediacy index of journals (p = 0.591). Besides, Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant relationship between the number of journals' articles and the journals' immediacy indexes excluding self-citation during the years of study.
Conclusion: Self-citation has a direct effect on journals' immediacy index that is, an increase in the rate of self-citation causes an artificial increase in the journals' immediacy index. On the other hand, immediacy index is affected by the number of journal articles. Therefore, the reduction or elimination of self-citation seems to be necessary for the journals and can put them in their right place.
Hossein Dargahi, Nilufar Mohammad Zadeh, Hamid Reza Rezaian,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of electronic operations in health care industry has many positive points such as health care quality improvement, reduction in costs, and increased efficiency. Besides talking about the concept of Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce) as well as its benefits and challenges, the present article presents suitable approaches to benefit more from this new technology in the field of health, especially in the private sector.
Materials and Methods: This review article was performed based on a literature review and a search through such valid sites as Science Direct, Emerald, and Magiran, and also an advanced search in Google. In this paper, the researchers studied national and international documents about the application of communication and IT tools -- particularly mobile and wireless tools, E-commerce, and M-commerce -- from 1996 to 2011.
Results: E-business can be considered as one of the subsets of E-Health, and M-commerce as one of the E-business models is a very useful tool in developing countries. With this tool, organizations located in remote places can have access to potential customers and gain valuble benefits. Efficient application of E-business models in Iran requires the identification of opportunities and barriers as well as the preparation of suitable and basic plans with regard to socio-economic factors together with the provision of executive, legal, technological, and communications infrastructures.
Nilufar Masouri, Fateme Sadeghi, Elham Khayyamdar,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Information is a factor for organizations success and organizations try to stay in this competitive world. In each organization, there are sections that have special role in information aspect in hospitals and healthcare centers, this role is for medical record section which organizes all of the patients' health care information. Paying attention to function quality in this section(medical record) is very important. Since health ministry introduce(EFQM) as an Excellence Model for hospitals, there fore, the role and importance of medical record section in implementation of this model and its criteria is determined.
Materials and Methods: All of the information databases was collected and those which were appropriate were selected. Then according to the article's goal, proper keywords were selected and documented through comparing with MESH. Finally related articles in credible journals were used in two Persian and English languages.
Results: After determining all the concepts and criteria of EFQM and matching them to the medical record section's goals, task's and functions, feasibility study of EFQM implementation in medical record section, is approved. With this comparism, importance of this section's role in signification model scores hospitals quality of performance is determined.
Mostafa Rabieyan , Reza Safdari , Cyrus Azimi ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: These days with the improvements in science and technology the number of individuals who suffer from genetic disorders should be drastically less. A crucial method for preventing these disorders, in the first place, is by genetic counseling. Educating the public in regards to how they can avoid producing affected children.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional study, all the files of the couples attending Genetics Clinic of the Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, during 1995 to 2004 were studied. The data were collected using a reliable questionnaire and SPSS software was applied for data analysis.
Results: The most important variable in this study was the relationship between the couples. The most frequent among the consanguineous marriages was the cross first cousins (45.3%), and the least frequency belonged to non-related marriages (6.4%). The most frequent genetic diseases belonged to children who their parents were parallel first cousins (84.8%).
Conclusions: Due to the importance of genetic counseling in relation to reducing the frequency of the genetic disorders in society, educating the general public about compulsory genetic counseling before marriage, is the cheapest and the most effective approach in limiting the number of patients
with genetic abnormalities.
Yaser Joyani, Mehdi Raadabadi , Zahra Kavosi , Jamil Sadeghifar , Khalil Momenei ,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: An Adapting work condition with physical and mental conditions of employees is an essential factor to do the job effectively. This study
was conducted to determine the relationship between employees occupational accidents and absence from work in Shiraz Namazi Hospital.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was done in Shiraz Namazi Hospital at 2010. One Hundred and sixty employees in
different departments of the hospital with a random stratified sampling were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using the checklist consisting of three
parts: demographic information, types of occupational accidents and three open questions to enumerate other occupational accidents, diseases resulting from
occupational accidents and possible causes of exposure to this accidents. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and using descriptive statistics and chi square & t tests.
Results: Out of 160, 159 participants responded and returned the questionnaire,out of which 68.9% were females. Cuts with sharp objects (22%) and toxicity
resulting from working with solvents (82%) were the lowest and highest nonexposure in sample's studies, respectively. A statistically significant relationship
between gender, work shift, organizational status and duration of employment with the occurrence of a number of occupational accidents was observed.
Conclusion: According to the results, there was no clear relationship between absences from work and frequency of each occupational accident. We recommend
the hospitals to consider notebooks for recording occupational accidents and theirway of occurrence. Also , training courses for employees shoud be in priority.
Seyed Amir Yazdanparast, Ghazaleh Ghandchi, Fariba Heshmati, Sanam Afshar Moghaddam, Mohammad Ali Khodadoust,
Volume 5, Issue 3 (11-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aspergillosis are the most prevalent cause of the respiratory infections. These fungi show invasive aspergillosis(IA) in immunocompromised patients. The number of immunocompromised patients are increasing due to immunodisorder illnesses, grafts and immunosuppressor drugs, so, rapid identification methods are very important. The aim of this study was to detect the Aspergillus spp. In fluid samples by nested PCR, and compare with culture and direct smear.
Materials and Methods: Conventional detection methods such as culture and direct smear are unsensitive and time consuming. Some methods such as immunodetecting methods have high false positive and are unreliable. Nowadays, molecular methos and PCR are very helpful. These methods are both sensitive and reliable and very rapid. In this study, we used Nested PCR, culture and direct smear to detect Aspergillus spp in BAL fluid samples.
Results: This research is a descriptive-comparative study and has been done for rapid identification of fungi related to Aspergillosis such as culture, direct smear and nested- PCR. Findings of this study show that positive results by nested-PCR were more effective and sensitive than culture and direct smear.
Conclusions: We found that positive results by PCR were more effective and sensitive than two other methods.
Sina Moradmand, Mohammad Reza Ganji, Ali Pasha Meysami, Zahra Akbari, Seyede Zoha Mirkhani, Narges Tabrizchi, Zahra Mokhtari,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High blood pressure in children, especially in developing countries is growing. Birth weight, age and anthropometric parameters such as current height and weight as factors in childhood hypertension and adolescents have been considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in children school and it's correlation with birth weight and current height and weight.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, between 2006-2008 among 1195924 students in Tehran's schools, 2040 individuals were selected by multistage random sampling method. Inclusion criteria were age 6 to 19 years, physical health and having health card. The twins, students with hypertensive and smoker mothers were excluded. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software version 16. The multiple regression analysis equation was used to determine the predictors of blood pressure levels.
Results: 69 students(3.4%), including 4.84% of girls and 3.5% of boys had high blood pressure(p=0.14). Significant direct correlation between age, current weight, current height, and body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found. However, birth weight has a weak reverse linear correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(respectively=-0.152 and r=-0.111, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Attention to Current size, especially Current weight with consideration to birth weight can be helpful to predict blood pressure in adulthood. This is important in monitoring the weight and blood pressure in children, especially child with an abnormal birth weight and overweight children.
Seyed Amir Yazdanparast, Seyedeh Shahrzad Mahdavi Nezarati, Fariba Heshmati, Samira Jahangiri, Zohreh Zarei,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Candida species are among the most common causes of opportunistic fungal diseases. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is responsible for most infections. Having many strains, C.albicans is highly polymorph. C. dubliniensis is very similar to albicans species both morphologically and physiologically. For an infection to occur, cell wall proteins play an important role as they enable yeasts to adhere to host cells and begin pathogenesis. Therefore, we decided to extract these proteins and examine them through molecular methods of protein analysis. Finally we came up with the idea of a modified staining in our analysis.
Materials and Methods: Initially cell wall proteins of two C. albicansstrains (CBS 562 & PTCC6027) and one C. dubliniensis strain (CBS 7987) were extracted by using a solution of beta-mercaptoethanol and ammonium carbonate. After dialysis, SDS gel electrophoresis was performed on the protein extract. Bands were then visualized by using three different staining methods among which one method was modified by us.
Results: By using Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining method, proteins with molecular weight of 42, 66.2 and 200 kDa were detected. By using Silver staining method, proteins with molecular weight of 21.5, 28.5 and 37 kDa were detected. However, using combined staining methods visualized more bands resulting improved detection.
Conclusion: To answer many questions about fungal diseases, fungi cell wall proteins are necessary to be examined. A simple method to enhance such molecular studies is the use of a modified staining method that combines both Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Silver staining.
Gholam Reza Veghari, Reza Rahmati,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Underlying factors of Obesity is various and the main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and some socio-demographic related factors among Iranian northern primary school children in year 2010.
Materials and Methods: This is a crossectional-descriptive study that was performed on 7399 primary school children (3934= male and 3465=female) from 112 schools that were chosen by two step sampling (cluster and simple random). The number schools were equal with respect to residential area and sex. Center of Disease Control and prevention (CDC) criteria was used for comparing anthropometric indexes.
Results: Linear regression analysis revealed that weight, height and BMI increase 2.70 kg, 4.62 cm and 0.42 kgm-2 in boys (P=0.001) and 3.12 kg, 5.19 cm and 0.52 kgm-2 in girls (P=0.001) in each of years, respectively. Highest and lowest obesity was observed in Gomishan and Ramian districts, respectively. Results of logistic regression analyses showed that the risk of overweight and obesity was 1.203 times in male as compared to females[1.078-1.341, CI 95%], 1.382 times in urban as compare to rural areas[1.240-1.541, CI 95%] and 2.297 times in high economic group as compared to low economic group[1.911-2.761, CI 95].
Conclusion: Obesity was a health problem in primary school children in Golestan province and urbanization and rise of economic status was a risk factor.
Korush Banihashemiyan, Fateme Golestan Jahrumi, Nikzad Ghanbary Pirkashani, Mahmood Sharafy,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Investigations have indicated that general health is associated with behavior style and interpersonal relationships. The present study was performed in order to investigate the relationship between general health and leadership style in managers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and its effect on job satisfaction in staff.
Materials and Methods: 33 managers and 132 staff were randomly selected. Participants completed Pourbaneh leadership style, Goldberg general health and Herzberg job satisfaction questionnaires. In order to analysis data Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t test and Chi-square were used.
Results: There is a positive relationship between manager's general health and their leadership style and also between manager's leadership style and job satisfaction in staff. Also there is no significant difference between numbers of managers in 4 kinds of leadership styles.
Conclusion: Empathy, self awareness, high motivation and self confidence, are characteristics that cause positive relationship between general health and participative leadership style. These characteristics also increase self-confidence, motivation and thus increase job satisfaction in staff.
Ali Keshtkaran, Alireza Heidari, Peivand Bastani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Since managers' efficiency depends on their communication skills suitable for their employees, this study was conducted to determine such skills among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) managers.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 298 SUMS employees working at different departments were selected through simple random sampling technique. The data-collection device was a 21-item questionnaire having 3 parts: verbal skill, effective listening, and feedback communication skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical tests employed included Pearson correlation, T-Test and ANOVA, and the level of significance was determined at 0.05.
Results: The respondents' mean age was 32.7 years. Most of them were female, had a bachelor's degree, and worked in logistics department. According to their judgment, their managers had good verbal and effective listening skills, but were average in their feedback. The highest score for communication skills was reported for the students' department and the lowest score for the research department. Older and more experienced employees evaluated their manager's feedback skill (p= 0.001) at a lower level. The statistical test indicated a significant relationship between feedback and level of education (p= 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that the intermediate level of effective listening and feedback skills are due to the managers' lack of sufficient scientific and practical attention to the issue of communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educational workshops be held for managers to make them familiar with the importance of effective communication skills.
Seyed Jamaloddin Tabibi, Mohmod Reza Gohari, Somayeh Shahri, Sara Aghababa,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The provision of high-quality services is considered as a prerequisite to the success of responsible organizations. Using SERVQUAL model, the present article seeks to delve into the quality of services provided in outpatient clinics as judged by patients in case-study hospitals throughout Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive research in which 242 subjects were studied at the outpatient clinics under investigation throughout Tehran using a standardized questionnaire named SERVQUAL (1988).
Results: The results of a t-test revealed a meaningful difference between the patients' perception and their expectation about 5 factors (tangible elements, reliability, assurance, accountability and collaboration) affecting the quality of services in clinics. The patients rated ‘assurance' as the most important factor (4.41) and ‘accountability' as the least important of the 5 factors (2.21).
Conclusion: The results indicate that the application of SERVQUAL model enables hospital managers to evaluate the quality of services as evaluated by patients as their most important clients and enhance the quality of such services through proper planning and removal of deficiencies.
Iman Tahamtan, Shahram Sedghi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, one of the challenges of doctors is how they can access medical information as quick as possible. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and Smartphones are such information technologies that can be used to access health information. This study aimed to review the most important uses of Personal Digital Assistants and Smartphones in medicine and in accessing health information.
Materials and Methods: The researchers searched Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus to collect relevant articles about the use of PDAs and Smartphones among healthcare professionals. In this search, such terms as Handheld Computer, Smartphone, Personal Digital Assistant, Mobile phone and their synonyms were considered.
Conclusion: With regard to the vast amount of information produced daily, PDAs and Smartphones are useful devices for physicians and medical students because they can easily get the most recent bits of information at the point of care, and improve their medical knowledge through these devices. Utilization of PDAs and Smartphones in Medical Centers will improve the efficiency and quality of health services.
Ehsan Zarei, Seyed Mahmud Ghazi Tabatabai, Abbas Rahimi Forushani, Arash Rashidiyan, Mohammad Arab,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Over the past decade, the number of private centers providing health care services in Iran has had a continuous growth and the highly competitive market in private hospitals industry has caused increasing pressure on them to provide services with a higher quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of services being provided in private hospitals of Tehran as judged by patients.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2010 in Tehran. The study sample comprised 983 patients, randomly selected from 8 private hospitals. The survey instrument was the standard SERVQUAL questionnaire. Wilcoxon, t-test, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analyses.
Results: The total mean scores of patients' expectation and perception were 4.92 and 4.02, respectively. The highest figures were related to the tangible factors dimension and the lowest ones to the empathy dimension. The differences between the perception and expectation for all the 22 items and the 5 dimensions were found to be statistically significant(p< 0.001).
Conclusion: SERVQUAL is valid and reliable in hospital settings as a standard tool for the assessment of quality. The results of the present study have revealed the areas that need to be improved as far as the patients are concerned. Measuring the opinion of patients can help facilitate the provision of hospital services, and improve the quality of such services and patients' satisfaction.
Seyed Jamalodin Tabibi, Mohammad Reza Maleki, Mahsa Ghazi Asgar,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The increase of food residuals specially in hospital can lead to a decrease in food intake and customer satisfaction and also increase the cost of remedy and hospitalization. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of food service training of food staff on the amount of food residuals to improve hospital catering.
Materials and Methods: This was cross sectional study. The study population consisted of staff and patients in orthopedic, chemotherapy and surgery wards and their relatives (n=130). The tools of this study were satisfaction survey questionnaire and food residual observational checklist. Questionnaires were completed by the study population and observational checklist by the researchers. Data were analysed using SPSS Software.
Results: Significant difference were observed between the amount of food residual before and after personnel training (t=-5/36, p=0/001).The average amount of food remaining in the breakfast from 1/8 in pre-teaching was decreased to 0/7, at lunch from 2/09 to1/89 and in dinner time from 2/2 to 1/6.
Conclusion: It seems that educational planning of personnel could increase their knowledge about their duties and weaknesses and improves quality performance which leads to customer satisfaction and hospital profitability.
Mohammad Reza Zarbakhsh Bhari, Simin Hoseinian, Gholamali Afrooz, Heidarali Hooman,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low weight at birth is one of the main health indexes in evaluating pregnancy period care, and recognizing its related factors is very important. The aim of this study was a comparison of pregnancy age, height, the distance between two pregnancies, gaining weight during pregnancy, economical condition, nutrition, general health of the mothers with low and normal birth weight.
Materials and Methods: The research method was casual-comparative conducted as field-work. From all newborns born since (Jan 2008 to Nov 2009) 168 low birth weight babies with their mother and 157 newborns with normal weight from 20 maternity center at Guilan province were randomly selected. Mothers filled general health questionnaire with the reliability of 0.82. The data were analyzed using SPSS Software.
Results: There was a significant difference among mothers (case and control ) in terms of pregnancy age, height ,distance between two pregnancies, increasing weight during pregnancy, economical condition, nutrition condition and general health (mental), (p0.01).
Conclusion: Various factors affected newborns' weight at birth. Therefore, decreasing the rate of low weight will be one of the main social health indexes requiring cooperation of counter- groups and different organizations such as the Ministry of Health and treatment, psychotherapy, counseling centers and radio/television.
Mohammad Reza Meigounpoory, Pedram Yazdani, Hamid Reza Rezaeian Zadeh,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Identification of entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of nutrition counseling is a central issue in employing nutrition consultants and meeting the needs of patients with chronic diseases better. To this end, the present survey has been conducted in order to analyze the supply and demand trends of diabetes nutrition counseling as a basic step toward identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities for nutrition consultants in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: To implement this descriptive-survey study, a questionnaire based on Likert scale was sent by email to 80 active professionals in the field of nutrition counseling services in Tehran, of whom 48 responded to its questions. Then, using SPSS11.5, the mean values of participants' responses were calculated and compared with one another.
Results: The findings obtained based on participants' responses revealed that the need for "nutritional counseling in the form of a treatment team" was mostly not met in different age, education and income groups of diabetic patients
Conclusion: "Nutrition counseling in the form of a treatment team" can be considered as a suitable field for entrepreneurial activities.
Mohammad Hiwa Abdekhoda, Alireza Noruzi, Saman Ravand,
Volume 5, Issue 5 (3-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patents are used as indicators to assess the growth of science and technology in a given country or area. They are examined to determine the research potentials of research centers, universities, and inventors. This study aims to map the past and current trends in patenting activities with a view to understanding better and tracking the changing nature of science and technology in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The patenting activity in Iran was investigated based on USPTO, WIPO, and Esp@cenet for the period 1976-2011. The researchers analyzed the affiliation of inventors, and collected patents having at least one Iranian inventor. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: results showed that between 1976 and 2011, 212 patents were registered by Iranian inventors in the above-mentioned three databases. The average number of Iranian patents registered per year increased significantly from 25 in 1976-1980 to 119 in 2006-2011. It should be noted that the highest number of registered patents (27%) were in" chemistry, metallurgy" area of International Patent Classification, followed by "human necessities"(18%), and "performing operations transporting"(15%).
Conclusion: Overall, the proportion of Iranian inventors' patents registered in databases is small. However, the figure shows a growth for the years under study. Iran's patents registered in databases have considerable subject concentration. Scientific areas are growing together, and there is more potential of research work and innovation in areas of "chemistry, metallurgy", "Electricity" and "human needs".
