Showing 29 results for Azar
Zahra Abazari , Aref Riahi , Fariba Sohbatiha, Hasan Siamian , Mousa Yamin Firoz ,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Scholarly journals are quite necessary for each
society’s scientific life, especially the medical society, because they represent the
academic community’s achievements to a large extent at regional, national and
international levels. The present research, therefore, aims at a comparative study on
the qualitative and quantitative growth of journals and articles in medical sciences
and related fields in Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) member
countries in Scopus.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive survey with a scientometric
approach. The population of the study includes scientific journals and articles in
medical sciences indexed in Scopus database. In this study, EMRO academic
products and 140 scientific journals have been investigated.
Results: The results show that a large number of member countries’ scientific
works have been produced and published in medical fields (The main topic of
144,628 out of 573,067 documents published by these countries has been medical
fields). Meanwhile, the number of journals which were indexed during the studied
period increased from 17 to 127.
Conclusion: The production of scientific documents and academic journals in
the field of medicine in EMRO member countries has increased during the studied
period and has had a considerable leap in the final years. Academic articles have
increased along with the increase in scientific journals in these countries.
Abdolreza Mohamadnia, Shirin Karimi, Reza Yadegar Azari , Seyed Alireza Naji, Adnan Khosravi, Naghmeh Bahrami, Massoud Saidijam,
Volume 9, Issue 5 (2-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lung cancer is the most common cancer among men around the world. The aim of this study was to determine the expression levels of CK19 mRNA marker in the affected patients’ peripheral blood.
Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with lung cancer (NSCLC type) were compared with 30 healthy controls. After taking peripheral blood samples and extracting total RNA, cDNA was synthesized and examined by Real-time RT-PCR technique. Then, the CEA antigen was measured by ELISA.
Results: The CK19mRNA was positive in 7 out of 30 lung cancer patients. Hence, its sensitivity was determined to be 23.3 %. The serum level of CEA antigen was positive in 11 out of 30 lung cancer patients. The mean serum level of CEA antigen markers was higher in patients than in controls; the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.001). The sensitivity of this test was determined to be 36.6 %.
Conclusion: This study showed that the sensitivity of CK19 mRNA in peripheral blood was low, but it had a high specificity for the diagnosis of primary lung cancer. Also, it was found that CEA antigen could be the specific marker for the early detection of lung cancer in patients’ peripheral blood.
Reza Safdari, Fatemeh Sadeghi , Maryam Mohammadiazar,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Population aging in most of developed countries should be subjective to more attention, regarding health issues of aging group. Different organizations and institutions have launched several programs related to elderly center. This paper is aimed to compare performance of different programs of active organizations in the field of elderly care in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This overview of research, used library resources and online databases Proquest, Pub med, Science Direct, Ovid and Scientific Information databases using keywords that Aged care services, relevant organizations, and Iran.
Results: There are various classifications of geriatric services. However, these services can be divided into three groups including infrastructure, social services, and health care and preventive services according to concept, level and type of services.
Conclusion: In Iran, agencies and institutions relevant to elderly, take measures to support elderly people given their current tasks and allocated budget. But, these measures do not seem adequate, because solving aging problem, as a problem with evident influences which its impacts will be intensified in future, requires responsibility and cooperation of more agencies and public institutions.
Mina Sadat Hashemiparast, Roya Sadeghi, Mohammadreza Ghaneapur , Kamal Azam , Azar Tol ,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Effective educational programs, is one of the most basic methods in prevention of Nosocomial infection. This study aimed to compare the effects of E-learning versus lecture-based education in prevention of Nosocomial infections among hospital staffs.
Materials and Methods: A randomized pre and posttest control group design was conducted on 98 hospital staffs in 2013 after allocating into two groups of "lecture-based education" and "E-learning”. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire which its validity and reliability was confirmed by a pilot study. Wilcoxon, Paired and Independent sample T-test was conducted using SPSS, version18.
Results: There was a significant difference for outcomes before and after education based on two approach of lecture-based (p=0.01) and E-learning (p=0.01).The mean and standard deviation of knowledge in lecture-based education and E-learning group were 12.73± 2.76, 11.50 ± 2.64 respectively. The level of knowledge in the lecture group was significantly higher than that of participants in the E-learning group (p=0.02).
Conclusion: Despite the effectiveness of E-learning in learning and raising awareness of the learners, using of this method among health-related organizations need to empower employees, remove the barriers and suitable infrastructure.
Farahnaz Azarakhsh, Vahid Changizi,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Brain tumors have remained as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality and are often refractory to treatment. The grading of brain tumor has an important implication in clinical management. Currently, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important dimension in evaluating metabolites and grading brain tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate metabolites in brain tumors and grading brain gliomas using HMRS (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy).
Materials and Methods: Studies were performed using single voxel MRS, at a field strength of 3Tesla and pulse sequence using point resolved single volume spectroscopy (PRESS) with repetition time (TR) 1000-6000ms and echo time (TE) 36-136ms, and distinguished metabolites including Choline (Cho), Creatin (Cr), and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) were detected.
Results: Thirty-seven cases (17 males and 20 females) had data which passed quality control. The patients’ age ranged from 7 to 81 years with a mean of 41.46±2.78. MRS data were processed using SYNGO software in terms of mean spectra and metabolite concentrations which were compared using minitab and SPSS. Significant differences were found in concentrations of key metabolites, and Cho/NAA and Cho/Cr ratios using t-test with a significance level (α≤0.05). In the assessment of age rate and tumor grading, the malignancies of brain tumors did not correlate with patients’ age and sex.
Conclusion: MRS can detect subtle differences between low-grade brain tumors in children and should form part of the clinical assessment of these tumors.
Azadeh Chatrooz, Leila Goudarzi , Mohammad Roshani, Seyed Hadi Hosseini, Aslan Nazari, Ghasem Rajabi Vasokolaee,
Volume 10, Issue 4 (9-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Safety is an important component in the quality of health care that lack of attention to it leads to harmful results. This study was conducted to estimate the safety management status in selected hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Science in 2012. Data collection was performed through a valid and reliable questionnaire (Safety management) involved 112 questions in 3 parts: organization, safety and event committee’s management, investigation of organization and hospital’s structure and evaluation standards for surgery rooms by safety management views, in 5 options of Likert criteria. SPSS software frequency, mean and standard deviation and Kruskal–Wallis were used for statistical analysis of data’s.
Results: In the evaluation of the hospital organization factor and its structure from safety management approach, each hospital’s organizational structure form safety management view was in a suitable condition (72.50). The result also showed that in respect to evaluation of surgery rooms for safety management, the highest average of calculated score was for hospitals number 1 (90.00) and the lowest was related to hospital number 4 (69.09).
Conclusion: According to the results, safety in hospital was in an acceptable level. But it seems that continuous monitoring and safety management training courses is essential.
Aziz Rezapour, Ali Sarabi Asiabar, Amir Ali Ebadi Fardazar, Saeid Bagheri , Negar Yusefzadeh, Alireza Mazdaki, Sadigheh Asadi, Mohammad Hossein Ghafoori ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the assumption that health is as one of the luxury goods, therefore making efforts in reducing health spending and inflation in this section will be ineffective.
But if health is an essential service, then in the national level for better redistribution of the resources and financial protection of the households against the health expenditures will be needed. The main objective of this study was determination of income impact of health care expenditures in Tehran household in years 2011-2012.
Materials and Methods: This study was a population based survey. The instrument of data gathering was a "WHO questionnaire" which was integrated by interview with an acquainted person in each one of the 792 families who live in Tehran. The least ordinary squares, Granger causality test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfery and White heteroskedasticity test were used for data analysis. Eviews 8 software was used for running the tests.
Results: The results showed that heath is a cause for increasing income but the converse is not true. Otherwise, Health with income elasticity equal to 0.25 is an essential service, and is not perceived as luxury goods. Moreover results represented that income is not a good variable for rationalizing the variation of health expenditures.
Conclusion: Health was an essential good, and although income changes affect the expenditures of health care, but the sensitivity is not high and recommended that health policy-makers should in adoption policies such as tariff increases do a comprehensive survey because prices increase are borne by the consumers.
Yousef Mohammadzadeh, Narges Taghizadeh, Elmnaz Nazariyan,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: When there is a big difference among income groups in a society, public health and healthcare costs may be affected through multiple channels. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of inequality and poverty (and other socio-economic characteristics of communities) on public health indicators and the structure of cost payments.
Materials and Methods: The present applied descriptive study has been conducted in 34 countries of the world (in terms of having regular data about income inequality) during 1995-2012 using a panel data approach. Eviews 9 software was used to estimate the models. The estimates were done in separate models for health indices and the related costs.
Results: Income inequality and poverty on the one hand reduce public health, and on the other hand increase people’s share of healthcare payments. Besides, the level of education promotes the community’s public health and reduces direct out-of-pocket and private payments. However, population density in large cities leads to the increase of private health expenditure and direct out-of-pocket payments.
Conclusion: On the path of economic development, we should pay special attention to income inequality among the members of society. Following inequality and higher relative poverty, mental and emotional problems deepen in society, and the health of individuals is seriously damaged. Byweakening the efficient management of health sector, this issue increases the individuals’ direct out-of-pocket payments and, therefore, doubly deteriorates public health.
Moustafa Rabeian, Iravan Masoudi Asl , Hamed Nazari, Samad Azari,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Supplement 1 2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Total quality management (TQM) is defined as a system for the assurance of delivering high-quality and cost-effective services. In this regard, due to their service role, hospitals are important in external economic changes. This study was performed to measure the executive backgrounds of total quality management (TQM) in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) teaching hospitals in 2012.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in TUMS hospitals. The data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire, and were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the dimensions of trustworthiness (3.25±0.88) and the beauty of environment (3.06±0.87) got the highest scores; however, the speed of giving services (2.40±1.04) got the lowest scores. In addition, the executive grounds of TQM implementation were “moderate to low” in the studied hospitals with an average score of 2.88± 0.74.
Conclusion: According to the results, total quality management requirements are in a moderate-to-low condition in the studied hospitals. Although managers’ attitude towards TQM is rather positive, it is necessary to improve the quality of services, performances and processes through culture building, creating positive attitudes in managers and employees, providing trainings related to quality improvement, increasing the commitment of top managers, attracting staff participation, promoting innovation and creativity, and evaluating the quality of services.
Masoumeh Erfani Khanghahi, Farbod Ebadi Fard Azar,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the increasing number of elderly people, quality of their life is important . The purpose of this study was systematic review and meta-analysis of the quality of life in elderly Iranians using LEIPAD questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: Required information was searched on internet using terms such as quality of life, LEIPAD, elderly, older people, aging, older Age from databases of PubMed Scopus, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Persian equivalents of SID, Medlib, IranDoc, MagIran, IranMedex from 2000 to 2015, has been searched. The criteria for entering the study were: published articles in Persian and English languages, and mentioning at least the total score of quality of life Meta-analysis software: CMA: 2 was used.
Results: From three hundred and forty eight articles found, 8 articles finally entered the study. In general, the results showed that the overall average quality of life of older people was [52.2-64.7 95% CI] 10.1 ± 58.5. The average overall quality of life of the elderly in the community was 15.5 ± 57.6. The average overall quality of life for the elderly in nursing homes was 29.7 ± 60.1. Aspects of self-care and mental dimension had higher scores. sexual functioning , depression and anxiety scores were lower.
Conclusion: The results showed that quality of life in elderly Iranians is average, therefore planning and effective interventions are needed. More attention to aspects of sexual functioning and depression and anxiety in the planning and intervention is necessary
Reza Safdari, Somaye Mahdavi, Leila Shahmoradi, Khdijeh Adabi, Shahram Tahmasebian, Mahnaz Nazari,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (Dec & Jan 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: To provide effective care, health care providers need timely and appropriate information. Electronic records provide quick access and easy management of data. The aim of this study was to develop electronic health records for patients with hydatidiform mole and evaluation of completeness of medical records
Materials and Methods: This applied study was conducted in 2017. After verifying the minimum data set required for the system, data were extracted from patient records using a checklist and entered into SQL server. SQL server 2012 and Visual Studio 2013 to design electronic records and SPSS 20 for data analysis was used. Extent of data completion in patient records was also assesed.
Results: Data on the completion of paper records indicated that in 100% of cases, “address” item was filled in. The less completed data was related to carotene deficiency (%1.1). Our findings also showed that the eight most important items like age of first menstruation, first gestational age, interval between pregnancies, number of sexual partners, menstruation between pregnancies, contraceptive methods, social habits and radiotherapy, were not completed in all records.
Conclusion: Many of the important minimum data set for hydatidiform mole disease were either not completed or completed in limited numbers in paper records. By developing such health records, we can ensure better prevention and treatment, and regular follow-up for the patients and help them to save their time and costs.
Maryam Amini, Leila Nazarimanesh, Mahmoud Mahmoudi Majdabadi Farahani,
Volume 12, Issue 6 (Feb & Mar 2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Patient participation is a widespread concept and is considered as an important issue for improving the quality of patient care and patient safety, which has been considered by health managers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of nurses' characteristics on their willingness to patient participation in patient safety in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences using PaCT-HCW questionnaire.
Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive-analytic study. Cross-sectional information was gathered on 220 nurses working in teaching and non-teaching hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences, year of 2017-2018. For sampling, nurses were randomly selected from eligible wards. To collect information validated Malfait and et al questionnaire by named PaCT-HCW was used. The data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software using descriptive statistics and regression test at P-value less than 0.05.
Results: The nurses' two characteristics including the length of work experience in the hospital (P=0.043, B=0.323), and the length of work experience in the ward (P=0.006, B=0.604) The direct effect and type of hospital (P=0.001, B =-8.182) had a reverse effect on nurses' willingness to patient participation in patient safety
Conclusion: Health managers can consider The length of nurses' experience, as well as the type of hospital and the type of specialized ward, by creating the necessary facilities and developing educational programs for patient participation in patient safety.
Mr Kasra Dolatkhahi, Adel Azar, Tooraj Karimi, Mohammad Hadizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (oct & Nov 2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer and in particular Breast cancer are among the diseases that have the highest mortality rate in Iran after heart disease. The accurate prognosis for Breast cancer is important, and the presence of various symptoms and features of this disease makes it difficult for doctors to diagnose. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting Breast cancer, modeling and ultimately diagnosing the risk of Breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, first, by content analysis and library studies, the effective factors in Breast cancer were identified, then with the help of a team of experts consisting of physicians and subspecialists in Breast oncology and Breast surgery; With the help of the Delphi method, the factors were adjusted and 26 final factors that were numerically correct and string based on local and climatic conditions were approved. Then, according to the final factors and based on the medical records of 5208 patients in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, to diagnose cancer, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine methods were used as machine learning methods.
Results: In the first step, by content analysis method, 29 effective factors in Breast cancer were identified. Then, taking into account the indigenous and climatic conditions and using the Delphi method and also using the opinions of 18 Experts during three years, 26 factors were finalized. In the final step, using the medical records of the patients and the results obtained from the three methods mentioned, random forest, had the highest accuracy of 94.75% and precision of 97.26% in diagnosing Breast cancer. It has been noted that, compared to other similar studies, indigenous databases have been exploited, the accuracy obtained has been very close to previous studies, and in many cases much better.
Conclusion: Using the random forest method and taking advantage of the factors affecting Breast cancer, the ability to diagnose cancer has been provided with greatest accuracy.
Moslem Soleymanpor, Mohamad Taghi Amini, Yazdan Shirmohammadi, Ali Shahnazari,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (Dec 2021 & Jan 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the global expansion of Covid 19, the tourism industry has faced one of its biggest operational, commercial and financial crises, and most of the source-destination interactions have been suspended and have changed the view of the host community and their interactions with tourists. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for tourism development during the Covid 19 crisis and beyond.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a combined (qualitative-quantitative) research approach. First, in a qualitative method with the data foundation approach, interviews with academic experts and managers and activists of the tourism industry in East and West Azerbaijan Provinces, and using purposeful and theoretical sampling, 18 people were selected to the point of information saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data extracted from interviews were encoded by open, axial and selective coding. Then, to fit and test the obtained model in the second step (quantitative part), the method of structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used.
Results: The final model consists of a total of 66 concepts extracted from the interviews, in the form of 14 categories and contextual categories, causal conditions, interventional conditions, strategies and finally, consequences and results of tourism entrepreneurship in pandemic crises and all of them affect this model. Based on the results of combined reliability, extracted variance, model determination coefficient and goodness-of-fit index, the drawn model in the field of path analysis has good experimental-theoretical assumptions and has a very good fit. Based on the obtained path coefficients, it can be concluded that the intervention conditions had the most and the causal conditions had the least impact on the strategic model of the tourism industry in pandemic crises.
Conclusion: Results indicate that strategies such as virtual tourism development, crisis management in the tourism industry, the development of domestic tourism by emphasizing the observance of health protocols and focusing on the development of tourism infrastructure, leads to the realization of consequences such as the maintenance and prosperity of tourism businesses, strengthening the tourism industry and creating a new tourism market for the post-corona era.
Mobina Noori, Leila Fozouni, Ania Ahani Azari,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (Aug 2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Wastewater is one of the most dangerous and important sources of pathogens and their treatment does not always guarantee the elimination of pathogenic bacteria. Enterococci, as opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, fastidious and cause of nosocomial infections, have a wide environmental distribution and one of the routes of their transmission to humans is water and wastewater. The increasing rate of drug- resistance among bacteria indicates the need for investigation of novel antibacterial agents or their combination effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of linezolid in combination with rifampin on the elimination of multidrug- resistant enterococci in two treatment plants in Golestan province.
Materials and Methods: Enterococcus species from eighty samples were isolated from treatment plants in two cities of the Golestan Province (North of Iran) including Gorgan and Bandar-e Torkaman during January-June 2021. The isolates were identified based on the most probable number (MPN), filtration, microbiological tests and finally by using specific gene detection by ddlE primer with polymerase chain reaction. Kirby Bauer performed an antibiotic resistance pattern according to CLSI- 2020 guidelines for six classes of antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration of linezolid was determined individually and by synergist effect with rifampin by broth microdilution method.
Results: After phenotypic and molecular diagnosis (PCR) of raw and treated wastewater samples, in 32 (40%) wastewater samples, enterococci species were identified and confirmed. Tetracycline was the least effective so, about 100% of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant to it. The prevalence of linezolid-resistant E. faecalis was 11%. A total of 20 enterococcal isolates (62.5%) had multiple resistance. The concentration of linezolid in combination with rifampin, which inhibited 90% growth of the isolates (MIC90) was 1μg /ml, four-fold lower than linezolid alone (MIC90=4 μg/ml). In addition, none of the enterococci isolates showed resistance to the linezolid/rifampin combination (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this research confirmed the presence of enterococci resistant to vancomycin and other antibiotics in the wastewater treatment plant samples in Golestan province. The favorable combination effect of linezolid and rifampin on the inhibition of multi-drug resistant isolates implies their synergy.
Saeed Nazari, Simin Taj Sharififar, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Somayeh Azarmi, Yousuf Akbari Shahrestanaki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The field of pre-hospital rapid response teams is facing major challenges in the field of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents. Considering that the country of Iran is exposed to the occurrence of these incidents, the possibility of the danger of these incidents and threats cannot be ignored. This study was conducted with the aim of determining effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to CBRN accidents.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari_ Faramani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All people living in a society are not equally at risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The current study is aimed to determine the factors related to COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among participants of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted between 28th February, 2020 to 27th November, 2021. Data from the RaNCD study, morbidity and hospitalizations cases (extracted from the medical care monitoring system, SAMA system and the handwritten list of the health department) and positive serological results were used. For the case-cohort study, 626 confirmed and/or probable cases and 2107 randomly selected participants as sub-cohort were recruited. For the case-control study, 188 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from RaNCD (as cases) and 632 positive outpatients identified as controls. Data were analyzed using Cox and logistic regression, respectively.
Results: In case-cohort study, the hazard ratio of COVID-19 among people living in rural areas, in smokers and those in middle socioeconomic status was, 0.37 (0.24, 0.58), 1.50 (1.07, 2.11), as compared to the reference groups. While the hazard ratio of people aged 46-64 and those ≥65 years old, as compared to the reference group within the first year, was 3.47 (1.76, 6.86) and 6.45 (2.80, 14.85), the corresponding value after one year was 2.23 (1.13, 4.40) and 3.52 (1.53, 8.10), respectively. The hazard ratio among those with at least one comorbidity was 2.45 (1.53, 3.92) in the first year of study and after one year decreased to 1.82 (1.14, 2.92). In addition, moderate and vigorous physical activity decreased the hazard ratio. In case-control study the odds ratio of hospitalization increased by 0.03% (1.03(1.01, 1.05)) with an increase of one year in age and in people with at least three comorbidities was 2.43 (1.24, 4.73) times of those without comorbidity.
Conclusion: Overall, one year after starting the study the decrease in hazard ratio of COVID-19 was significant. Increase in age and having comorbidities are factors that increased the odds ratio of hospitalization. Such people can be considered for the next waves of COVID-19 prioritized for health care and booster vaccination.
Sedighe Hannani, Nazanin Sarraf Shahri, Asma Feizy Dehkharghani, Najme Samii, Azar Arab Khazaie, Azin Arab Khazaie, Kiarash Kamboozia,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Virtual networks have become one of the most influential tools in people’s lives, affecting various aspects of life. In medical sciences, with numerous advancements, the use of virtual networks is increasing. However, virtual networks can lead to wastage of students’ time and a reduction in study hours, which negatively impacts their knowledge and practical skills. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of using virtual networks on the knowledge and practical skills of surgical technologist students.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 60 students in the 6th and 8th semester of operating room technology at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. At the end of the semester, the students underwent a comprehensive 40-question theoretical exam to assess their theoretical knowledge. To evaluate the level of virtual network usage, the students filled out a researcher-designed questionnaire. The practical skills of the students were measured based on their internship grades. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: According to the findings of this study, there was a significant negative relationship between the level of virtual network usage and theoretical knowledge (P<0.05). This means that with an increase in virtual network usage, the level of students’ knowledge decreased. On the other hand, there was a significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This means that as the scores of the comprehensive exam increased, the scores of practical skills (internship) also increased. However, no significant relationship was found between the level of virtual network usage and students’ practical skills (P>0.21).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, virtual networks lead to a weakening of students’ theoretical knowledge, as evidenced by the decrease in scores on the researcher-designed questionnaire (level of virtual network usage) and the comprehensive exam scores. Another result of the study was the significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, indicating that as the comprehensive exam scores increased, the scores obtained in internships also increased.
Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh, Azar Abolpur, Kosar Rezaei, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammad Khammarnia, Farnaz Keykhah, Mostafa Peyvand,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children’s health is important as the future builders of society. Many children under 5 years of age around the world and in Iran have growth disorders. Due to the importance of growth disorder and its impact on the development, learning and future of the child, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency of deviations from the growth curves of children under 5 years of age and related factors in Zahedan city.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2020 in Zahedan. The study population included all children under 5 years old, born in Zahedan between 2013 and 2020 that 784 of whom were selected by random sampling method. To determine the factors related to growth disorder multiple logistic regression analysis was used and to check the significance level, chi-square test and Pearson correlation were used. In this research, the data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: The results of this research showed that 54% of the boys and 51.20% of the girls had growth disorders. Between child growth disorder and maternal chronic disease (P<0.05), maternal body mass index (P<0.05), Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.05), distance between births (P<0.05) maternal urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P<0.05), mother’s age (P=0.006), mother’s education (P<0.05), birth weight (P<0.001), birth order (P<0.05), father’s occupation (P<0.05) and father’s education (P<0.05) a significant association was found. In the present study, the average birth weight in children with growth disorders was 2.75±0.58 and in healthy children was 2.95±0.57, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The average age of mothers of children with growth disorders was 29.19±6.07 and the average age of mothers of healthy children was 27.98±6.10, this difference was statistically significant (P=0.006).
Conclusion: Growth disorder is a multi-causal complication. Risk factors can be corrected and prevented by developing health education and increasing mothers’ awareness and knowledge. Also, the father’s job and literacy are effective in the child’s growth disorder, so Increasing community health literacy and encouraging fathers’ learning and literacy can partially prevent growth disorders in children.
Saeed Barzegari, Marjan Ghazi Saeedi, Roghieh Nazari, Seif Ali Mahdavi, Seyed Alireza Hasani,
Volume 17, Issue 5 (12-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The use of Mobile-Health is helpful in facilitating therapeutic communication between students and healthcare providers. Considering the benefits of the Mobile-Health, it is very important to have a tool that can check the motivation to use Mobile-Health. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of Psychometric properties of mHealth Technology Engagement Index.
Materials and Methods: The present study is psychometric research that was conducted in Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 1401. The participants of this study were 450 students of medical sciences in Tehran in undergraduate, master’s and doctorate levels who were included in the study through convenience sampling. The psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were examined through face, content and construct validity respectively. Principal component analysis was performed using varimax rotation in order to check the factorial structure of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked with the help of Cronbach’s alpha and intra- class correlation (ICC).
Results: The questionnaire’s content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were 0.91 and 0.86, respectively. In the formal validity check, minor changes were made in the words of most of the items. Based on the results of face validity, some minor changes were made to the vocabulary of most items. The ICC coefficient was more than 0.80 in all dimensions. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis extracted five factors, autonomy, competence, relatedness, goal setting and goal attainment, and their cumulative variance was %71.48. The fit of the five-factor model was optimal based on standard goodness of fit indices such as CFI=0.978, GFI=0.930, RMSEA=0.040, CMIN/DF=1.307. Convergent and divergent validity was accepted for all factors. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha test of 0.71.
Conclusion: The five factor structure of the questionnaire of interaction with mobile health technology has good validity and reliability. Therefore, this questionnaire can be used to check the level of interaction of users of medical science students with mobile health technology.
