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Niloofar Mohammadzadeh, Dr Seyed Hadi Sajjadi, Seyed Hasan Sajjadi,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Social networks that provide users with health data not only educate them but also play an active role in the health decision-making process. Health social networks, in addition to being a good tool for better patient communication with health care providers, can play an effective role in connecting similar patients with each other to receive social support. Social networking is one of the biggest achievements of Web 2, which facilitates communication between people. Despite the spread of social networks, their use in the field of health is still at its early levels. To implement an information system, it is first necessary to identify, design and model the related processes. The main purpose of this study was to provide technical documentation for the development of social networks in the field of health in order to facilitate future developments.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applied research. Due to the review of texts in the first phase, this research was descriptive. It is also a developmental research due to its technological dimensions in modeling and pattern model presentation. First, extracted features were confirmed based on experts’ opinions. Then, according to the identified features, social network modeling was performed at three levels of data, functional and process. Based on the modeling, a prototype model was designed and evaluated.
Results: In this research, technical documents were prepared for the development of social networks in the field of health in the three axes of data modeling, functional modeling and process modeling. In the usability assessment by Nielsen model, the created prototype based on modeling was evaluated. Finally, the number of problems in each case of the Nielsen model was determined. The case of "Visibility of system status" with 26.31 and "Consistency and standards" with 5.27 were associated with the highest and lowest problems, respectively.
Conclusion: The growing need and expansion of the use of social networks has created a good platform for using this tool in the field of health and exploiting its benefits. The present study focuses on providing technical documentation for the development of health social networks and to facilitate the development of social networks in the field of health.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applied research. Due to the review of texts in the first phase, this research was descriptive. It is also a developmental research due to its technological dimensions in modeling and pattern model presentation. First, extracted features were confirmed based on experts’ opinions. Then, according to the identified features, social network modeling was performed at three levels of data, functional and process. Based on the modeling, a prototype model was designed and evaluated.
Results: In this research, technical documents were prepared for the development of social networks in the field of health in the three axes of data modeling, functional modeling and process modeling. In the usability assessment by Nielsen model, the created prototype based on modeling was evaluated. Finally, the number of problems in each case of the Nielsen model was determined. The case of "Visibility of system status" with 26.31 and "Consistency and standards" with 5.27 were associated with the highest and lowest problems, respectively.
Conclusion: The growing need and expansion of the use of social networks has created a good platform for using this tool in the field of health and exploiting its benefits. The present study focuses on providing technical documentation for the development of health social networks and to facilitate the development of social networks in the field of health.
Miss Shima Khosravi, Dr Malikeh Beheshti Far, Amin Nikpoor,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The presence of a competent and capable human resource management is one of the preconditions for the success of the organization. Factors such as the emphasis on the need to establish knowledge-based companies, the activities of third-generation universities and technology, and the challenges of financing the health sector, the scientific and technological attractiveness of developed countries and the consequent withdrawal of active and specialized forces from the field of health, importance. Attention to the organization of human capital is more prominent and due to the fact that the modern development process of the organization is based on the paradigm of innovation, the interest in ways to guide the human resource management of the entrepreneur is increasing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to predict the human resource management model based on a comprehensive organizational entrepreneurship system in the third generation of medical universities.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, with exploratory interviews, the proposed model for human resource management based on organizational
entrepreneurship was predicted and analyzed using content analysis method. The research population consists of basic and middle managers in the field of health, from which 20 people were selected as a sample by non-probability judgment sampling and snowball sampling.
Results: The results showed that in the field of organizational entrepreneurship (at all organizational levels in the field of health, including queuing and headquarters) 4 main and effective categories on soft and hard skills of human resource management can be classified. The three categories, including structural, behavioral and environmental branches in all government agencies and even in the field of industry have relatively similar concepts, codes and essentially functions. However, regarding the fourth category, namely excellence in the field of health, especially in medical universities, health centers and affiliated hospitals, it is quite noticeable.
Concolusion: Organizational strategies and decisions at the macro level have an undisputed and effective role in laying the groundwork for organizational
entrepreneurship and, ultimately, strengthening processes and feedback from human resource management at the level of health organizations.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, with exploratory interviews, the proposed model for human resource management based on organizational
entrepreneurship was predicted and analyzed using content analysis method. The research population consists of basic and middle managers in the field of health, from which 20 people were selected as a sample by non-probability judgment sampling and snowball sampling.
Results: The results showed that in the field of organizational entrepreneurship (at all organizational levels in the field of health, including queuing and headquarters) 4 main and effective categories on soft and hard skills of human resource management can be classified. The three categories, including structural, behavioral and environmental branches in all government agencies and even in the field of industry have relatively similar concepts, codes and essentially functions. However, regarding the fourth category, namely excellence in the field of health, especially in medical universities, health centers and affiliated hospitals, it is quite noticeable.
Concolusion: Organizational strategies and decisions at the macro level have an undisputed and effective role in laying the groundwork for organizational
entrepreneurship and, ultimately, strengthening processes and feedback from human resource management at the level of health organizations.
Javad Mirzaei Nasirabad, Alireza Mahboub Ahari, Mahdi Zeynali, Rasoul Baradaran Hasanzadeh, Mohammad Taghi Bagheri Shadbad,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Traditional costing systems are not efficient enough to calculate up-to-date costs and analyze training costs in education organizations. The present study was conducted with the aim of establishing an activity-based costing system in Tabriz School of Management and Medical Informatics.
Materials and Methods: The current multi-method study was conducted in academic year 2017-2018, aimed to establish cost accounting system which we called Beyond Activity Based Costing System (BABCS). First, using Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN), 3,729 activities inside 384 processes were identified, then illustrated and finalized in Bizagi-Modeler software. Overhead costs, were allocated initially to final activity centers then to cost objects based on the workload and time duration of activities. Data management was conducted in Excel and cost analysis was performed via Dptsco cost accounting platform.
Results: Despite the capability of the ongoing accounting system (Nezam Novin) in registering and description of the budget and spending of the faculty, it still needs to be reviewed and upgraded to achieve the objectives of accrual accounting. The total cost of the faculty in the study year is equal to 61,872,545 thousand Rials, of which 57,159,882 thousand Rials are related to education and 4,812,663 thousand Rials are the share of research activities. Based on the results obtained from the BABCS system, the average cost of each course unit in the college was calculated to be 5,102 thousand Rials and the average cost of student education was calculated to be 356,092 thousand Rials. The maximum and minimum cost of student education related to the field of Master of Management and Reforms in the Health System (MPH) was calculated at 800,130 thousand Rials and the Bachelor of Health Information Technology was calculated at 100,171 thousand Rials.
Conclusion: Tabriz School of Management and Medical Informatics has spent most of its resources on staff salaries and benefits. Establishment of activity-based costing system and its connection with other Portals and database of the university can play an effective role in managing the work flows and improving staff productivity and efficiency of the faculty organization.
Materials and Methods: The current multi-method study was conducted in academic year 2017-2018, aimed to establish cost accounting system which we called Beyond Activity Based Costing System (BABCS). First, using Business Process Modeling and Notation (BPMN), 3,729 activities inside 384 processes were identified, then illustrated and finalized in Bizagi-Modeler software. Overhead costs, were allocated initially to final activity centers then to cost objects based on the workload and time duration of activities. Data management was conducted in Excel and cost analysis was performed via Dptsco cost accounting platform.
Results: Despite the capability of the ongoing accounting system (Nezam Novin) in registering and description of the budget and spending of the faculty, it still needs to be reviewed and upgraded to achieve the objectives of accrual accounting. The total cost of the faculty in the study year is equal to 61,872,545 thousand Rials, of which 57,159,882 thousand Rials are related to education and 4,812,663 thousand Rials are the share of research activities. Based on the results obtained from the BABCS system, the average cost of each course unit in the college was calculated to be 5,102 thousand Rials and the average cost of student education was calculated to be 356,092 thousand Rials. The maximum and minimum cost of student education related to the field of Master of Management and Reforms in the Health System (MPH) was calculated at 800,130 thousand Rials and the Bachelor of Health Information Technology was calculated at 100,171 thousand Rials.
Conclusion: Tabriz School of Management and Medical Informatics has spent most of its resources on staff salaries and benefits. Establishment of activity-based costing system and its connection with other Portals and database of the university can play an effective role in managing the work flows and improving staff productivity and efficiency of the faculty organization.
Nida Abdolahi, Mohamad Reza Nili Nili Ahmadabadi, Soghra Ebrahimi Qavam, Khadijeh Aliabadi, Mohammad Asgari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Deep and sustainable learning requires a safe and healthy environment. Moreover, paying attention to the intertwined emotional, motivational, cognitive and social processes in the teaching-learning process is vital. Academic achievement motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) are two important elements in this process that are influenced by the achievement emotions in the learning environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional design model based on control-value theory of achievement emotions (CVT), on academic achievement motivation and self-regulation learning.
Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and performed by Nonequlment design control group. The statistical population included female second year high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 1997-98, who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained according to the instructional design model based on CVT theory and the control group did not receive this training method. The questionnaire of academic achievement motivation and self-regulated learning was administered to the experimental and control groups as pre-test and post-test before and after the implementation of the model. Data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software and multivariate covariance.
Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance of group effect on the scores of dependent variables show that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in cognitive strategy (F=11/94, P>0/05, η2=0/14), metacognition strategy (F=56/06, P>0/05, η2=0/44), motivational beliefs (F=6/36, P>0/05, η2=0/08) and academic achievement motivation (F=10/69, P>0/05, η2 =0/13).
Conclusion: The result of this study show that the use of instructional design model based on CVT theory has a positive effect on cognitive strategies, metacognition strategies, motivational beliefs and learners' academic achievement motivation.
Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and performed by Nonequlment design control group. The statistical population included female second year high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 1997-98, who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained according to the instructional design model based on CVT theory and the control group did not receive this training method. The questionnaire of academic achievement motivation and self-regulated learning was administered to the experimental and control groups as pre-test and post-test before and after the implementation of the model. Data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software and multivariate covariance.
Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance of group effect on the scores of dependent variables show that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in cognitive strategy (F=11/94, P>0/05, η2=0/14), metacognition strategy (F=56/06, P>0/05, η2=0/44), motivational beliefs (F=6/36, P>0/05, η2=0/08) and academic achievement motivation (F=10/69, P>0/05, η2 =0/13).
Conclusion: The result of this study show that the use of instructional design model based on CVT theory has a positive effect on cognitive strategies, metacognition strategies, motivational beliefs and learners' academic achievement motivation.
Sharareh Mirsaeidi Farahani, Ahmad Vedadi, Ali Rezaeian,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the importance and position of the health sector in society and consideration of industry 4.0 during these days, we witness an increase in the spread of state-of-the-art (smart) technologies in various fields, on one hand, and an evolutionary development by integrating healthcare and technology, on the other hand. Thus, the application of smart technologies can help to overcome many of the healthcare sector limitations. This study aimed to propose an appropriate model for deploying smart services in the Iranian healthcare system.
Material and Methods: This was a qualitative research study based on thematic analysis in 2020. The required data were extracted by literature review and expert interviews. A sample of 15 experts were selected using purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until full data saturation was reached. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were implemented and analyzed in MAXQDA. Finally, a qualitative method was developed.
Results: Based on the findings of this research, 202 open codes were extracted and 23 basic themes (sub- themes) were identified to design the model of deployment smart services in the Iranian health sector which categorized in seven organizing themes (main themes) consist deployment planning, execution management, task organization frame work, national preparedness, stage-setting, organizational interventions, and resistance management. Then, according to the above themes, the thematic model was provided which has a suitable model fitness (IFI: 0.934, NFI: 0.959, RMSEA: 0.080).
Conclusion: Providing the model for deploying smart health care and use of these technologies help to significantly improve the quality of health services, improve access to these services, reduce costs and thus improve health of society.
Material and Methods: This was a qualitative research study based on thematic analysis in 2020. The required data were extracted by literature review and expert interviews. A sample of 15 experts were selected using purposive sampling. Sampling was continued until full data saturation was reached. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were implemented and analyzed in MAXQDA. Finally, a qualitative method was developed.
Results: Based on the findings of this research, 202 open codes were extracted and 23 basic themes (sub- themes) were identified to design the model of deployment smart services in the Iranian health sector which categorized in seven organizing themes (main themes) consist deployment planning, execution management, task organization frame work, national preparedness, stage-setting, organizational interventions, and resistance management. Then, according to the above themes, the thematic model was provided which has a suitable model fitness (IFI: 0.934, NFI: 0.959, RMSEA: 0.080).
Conclusion: Providing the model for deploying smart health care and use of these technologies help to significantly improve the quality of health services, improve access to these services, reduce costs and thus improve health of society.
Simin Momenzadeh, Atefeh Zarei, Phd Seyed Ali Akbar Famil Rouhany, Leila Dehghani,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: This study aimed to propose a consistent architecture to design integrated and flexible information systems for the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS).
Materials and Methods: This applied research employed an integrated design based on business system planning (BSP) and James Martin's model for the design of information systems. The statistical population of this study included 27 managers and experts of AJUMS Vice-Chancellorship department for Research and Technology. Data collection was carried out using structured interview, observation, and document analysis. A contrast matrix was then used for data analysis.
Results: In total, 53 processes and 60 data classes were identified. Using a multi-layered architectural model (presentation, process, data and infrastructure), the results were presented in the form of a proposed architecture. In the proposed architecture, 12 subsystems and the relationships among them were identified; such subsystems as library, research activities, sabbatical leave, conference, fellowship, publication, innovation and technology, laboratory information, theses, budget and planning, social subsystem and knowledge-management networks. The results also showed that the level of coverage of the processes, data classes, and objectives by existing information systems were 53%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, and increased to full coverage in proposed or optimal modes.
Conclusion: By identifying the required information systems, it is possible to accurately plan and successfully use these systems in this study. The results of the present study can be used to implement the architecture of information systems of Research and Technology Departments of other universities of medical sciences (UMSs) in Iran, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time.
Materials and Methods: This applied research employed an integrated design based on business system planning (BSP) and James Martin's model for the design of information systems. The statistical population of this study included 27 managers and experts of AJUMS Vice-Chancellorship department for Research and Technology. Data collection was carried out using structured interview, observation, and document analysis. A contrast matrix was then used for data analysis.
Results: In total, 53 processes and 60 data classes were identified. Using a multi-layered architectural model (presentation, process, data and infrastructure), the results were presented in the form of a proposed architecture. In the proposed architecture, 12 subsystems and the relationships among them were identified; such subsystems as library, research activities, sabbatical leave, conference, fellowship, publication, innovation and technology, laboratory information, theses, budget and planning, social subsystem and knowledge-management networks. The results also showed that the level of coverage of the processes, data classes, and objectives by existing information systems were 53%, 50%, and 55%, respectively, and increased to full coverage in proposed or optimal modes.
Conclusion: By identifying the required information systems, it is possible to accurately plan and successfully use these systems in this study. The results of the present study can be used to implement the architecture of information systems of Research and Technology Departments of other universities of medical sciences (UMSs) in Iran, which can have a significant effect on saving cost and time.
Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti, Leila Rouhi, Mehdi Aalmomen,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the common causes of death due to weak response to common therapies. In this study, the effect of citric acid on bioavailability and apoptosis of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) was examined. Citric acid is a naturally organic acid that commonly found in citrus and is considered as a physiological inhibitor of enzymes involved in glycolysis pathway to remove cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: In this study, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml concentrations of citric acid and incubated at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed three times by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturers protocol.
Results: The results of bioavailability of treated HT-29 cells with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using the MTS assay showed that, bioavailability of HT-29 cell line decreased at all concentrations of citric acid in a time dependent manner. Also, the results of the apoptosis induction in treated HT-29 cell line with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using Annexin V-FITC/PI test showed that the percentage of the early and late apoptosis cells increased with increasing citric acid concentration and incubation time, which increased the percentage of apoptosis compared to the control group is significant in all three times of 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Conclusion: The results indicate that citric acid can reduce the bioavailability of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis pathway.
Materials and Methods: In this study, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml concentrations of citric acid and incubated at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed three times by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturers protocol.
Results: The results of bioavailability of treated HT-29 cells with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using the MTS assay showed that, bioavailability of HT-29 cell line decreased at all concentrations of citric acid in a time dependent manner. Also, the results of the apoptosis induction in treated HT-29 cell line with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using Annexin V-FITC/PI test showed that the percentage of the early and late apoptosis cells increased with increasing citric acid concentration and incubation time, which increased the percentage of apoptosis compared to the control group is significant in all three times of 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Conclusion: The results indicate that citric acid can reduce the bioavailability of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis pathway.
Marsa Gholamzadeh, Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, Hoda Zahedi, Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the important role of radiological images for identifying patients with COVID-19, creating a model based on deep learning methods was the main objective of this study.
Materials and Methods: 15,153 available chest images of normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia individuals which were in the Kaggle data repository was used as dataset of this research. Data preprocessing including normalizing images, integrating images and labeling into three categories, train, test and validation was performed. By Python language in the fastAI library based on convolution technique (CNN) and four architectures (ResNet, VGG MobileNet, AlexNet), nine models through transitional learning method were trained to recognize patients from healthy persons. Finally, the performance of these models was evaluated with indicators such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and F-Measure.
Results: Of the nine generated models, the ResNet101 model has the highest ability to distinguish COVID-19 cases from other cases with 95.29% sensitivity. Other applied models showed more than 96% accuracy in correctly diagnosis of various cases in test phase. Finally, the ResNet101 model was able to demonstrate 98.4% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and infected cases.
Conclusion: The obtained accuracy showed the accurate performance of developed model in detecting COVID-19 cases. Therefore, by implementing an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of cases. an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of infected cases.
Materials and Methods: 15,153 available chest images of normal, COVID-19, and pneumonia individuals which were in the Kaggle data repository was used as dataset of this research. Data preprocessing including normalizing images, integrating images and labeling into three categories, train, test and validation was performed. By Python language in the fastAI library based on convolution technique (CNN) and four architectures (ResNet, VGG MobileNet, AlexNet), nine models through transitional learning method were trained to recognize patients from healthy persons. Finally, the performance of these models was evaluated with indicators such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, and F-Measure.
Results: Of the nine generated models, the ResNet101 model has the highest ability to distinguish COVID-19 cases from other cases with 95.29% sensitivity. Other applied models showed more than 96% accuracy in correctly diagnosis of various cases in test phase. Finally, the ResNet101 model was able to demonstrate 98.4% accuracy in distinguishing between healthy and infected cases.
Conclusion: The obtained accuracy showed the accurate performance of developed model in detecting COVID-19 cases. Therefore, by implementing an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of cases. an application based on the developed model, physicians can be helped in accurate and early diagnosis of infected cases.
Arman Bahari, Behnoosh Moody,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increasing the use of smartphones, improving the state of World Wide Web, and also the need for flexibility in the education process have made the implementation of e-learning in human society inevitable, eliminated time and space limitations, and provided equal education. However, the pace of its creation and development, especially in universities and higher education centers in developing countries such as Iran, is very slow. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.
Maryam Azimi, Davoud Haseli, Hossein Dehdarirad, Farzaneh Fazli, Nahid Einollahi,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Transgenic species are the ones whose genomes are genetically modified. The transgenic field is one of the areas that has a high importance and position in the world. Therefore, the aim of the present research is to draw and analyze the co-authorship network of researchers in transgenic subject area.
Materials and Methods: The type of this research is descriptive and was carried out using scientometric techniques such as co-authorship network and social network analysis indices. In this study, 23,456 articles by transgenic researchers indexed in the Web of Science database during the period 2010-2019 were retrieved. VOSviewer and UCINET software were used to draw the co-authorship map and analyze the network indicators.
Results: The scientific cooperation network of transgenic researchers was studied and analyzed using macro and micro indicators of the social network. The status of macro indicators was not appropriate and the network was poorly cohesive. So that, the network density was 0.027, the clustering coefficient was 0.834, the diameter was 15 and the average distance was 4.155. In terms of micro-indicators, the status of researchers in the network was determined in such a way that David Ayares had the most cooperation with other members and also Nam-Hai Chua played the most important role in communicating with people from different clusters of the network, finally, Yan Zhang had the shortest distance with other members of the network.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the co-authorship network of transgenic researchers has low cohesion and information is transmitted among members at a low speed. With respect to this, status of different researchers in this study was determined, the results of this study can be used to guide future collaborations, and encourage universities and scientific institutes to develop their interactions with each other and further strengthen collaborations. It should also be noted that according to the findings of the study in this field, Iranian researchers were not identified as key individuals in this network, which requires research on the status and position of Iranian researchers in the field of transgenics.
Materials and Methods: The type of this research is descriptive and was carried out using scientometric techniques such as co-authorship network and social network analysis indices. In this study, 23,456 articles by transgenic researchers indexed in the Web of Science database during the period 2010-2019 were retrieved. VOSviewer and UCINET software were used to draw the co-authorship map and analyze the network indicators.
Results: The scientific cooperation network of transgenic researchers was studied and analyzed using macro and micro indicators of the social network. The status of macro indicators was not appropriate and the network was poorly cohesive. So that, the network density was 0.027, the clustering coefficient was 0.834, the diameter was 15 and the average distance was 4.155. In terms of micro-indicators, the status of researchers in the network was determined in such a way that David Ayares had the most cooperation with other members and also Nam-Hai Chua played the most important role in communicating with people from different clusters of the network, finally, Yan Zhang had the shortest distance with other members of the network.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the co-authorship network of transgenic researchers has low cohesion and information is transmitted among members at a low speed. With respect to this, status of different researchers in this study was determined, the results of this study can be used to guide future collaborations, and encourage universities and scientific institutes to develop their interactions with each other and further strengthen collaborations. It should also be noted that according to the findings of the study in this field, Iranian researchers were not identified as key individuals in this network, which requires research on the status and position of Iranian researchers in the field of transgenics.
Vahid Changizi, Maryam Mohammadi, Samaneh Baradaran, Mehran Taheri,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: On panoramic radiographs, sensitive organs, including the thyroid, are exposed to radiation. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. That is why, in this study the effective dose and risk of thyroid cancer were estimated on panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods: Seventy GR200 thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeters were used to estimate the absorbed dose of thyroid. The dosimeters were calibrated and placed on the patients’ necks during panoramic radiography. After dosimeters were read, the mean absorbed dose and effective thyroid dose were calculated in three groups with different radiation conditions. Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of thyroid cancer was estimated using the model presented in the BEIR VII report. GraphPad Prism statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean absorbed dose of thyroid lobes in groups M, L, XL (According to mandibular size) was estimated to be 0.116±0.01, 0.123±0.04 and 0.03±0.134 mg, respectively. The right thyroid lobe in group XL with absorption dose of 0.143±0.05 mg and the left lobe in group M with absorption dose of 0.106±0.03 mg had the highest and the lowest absorption doses, respectively. The difference between the absorbed doses of the right and left thyroid lobes in any of the three groups was not statistically significant. Thyroid absorption doses in these three groups were not statistically significant. The highest risk of thyroid cancer in the age range of 15-60 years was related to the age of 15, which was estimated to be 0.238 in women and 0.042 in men per 100,000 people.
Conclusion: In lower ages and among women, the risk of thyroid cancer is higher than that of men. Also, due to the impossibility of limiting thyroid radiation in panoramic radiography using lead thyroid collar that causes metal artifacts, we should reduce the number of panoramic radiographs as much as possible, especially at lower ages.
Materials and Methods: Seventy GR200 thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeters were used to estimate the absorbed dose of thyroid. The dosimeters were calibrated and placed on the patients’ necks during panoramic radiography. After dosimeters were read, the mean absorbed dose and effective thyroid dose were calculated in three groups with different radiation conditions. Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of thyroid cancer was estimated using the model presented in the BEIR VII report. GraphPad Prism statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean absorbed dose of thyroid lobes in groups M, L, XL (According to mandibular size) was estimated to be 0.116±0.01, 0.123±0.04 and 0.03±0.134 mg, respectively. The right thyroid lobe in group XL with absorption dose of 0.143±0.05 mg and the left lobe in group M with absorption dose of 0.106±0.03 mg had the highest and the lowest absorption doses, respectively. The difference between the absorbed doses of the right and left thyroid lobes in any of the three groups was not statistically significant. Thyroid absorption doses in these three groups were not statistically significant. The highest risk of thyroid cancer in the age range of 15-60 years was related to the age of 15, which was estimated to be 0.238 in women and 0.042 in men per 100,000 people.
Conclusion: In lower ages and among women, the risk of thyroid cancer is higher than that of men. Also, due to the impossibility of limiting thyroid radiation in panoramic radiography using lead thyroid collar that causes metal artifacts, we should reduce the number of panoramic radiographs as much as possible, especially at lower ages.
Zeinab Sadat Mousavi, Farshad Ghazalian, Mandana Gholami, Hossein Abed Natanzi, Khosrow Ebrahim,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Inactivity increases the risk of chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the acute changes in Normetanephrine and glucose in boxing with Kinect Xbox with and without blood flow restriction as an alternative to aerobic exercise during quarantine in young non-athletes.
Material and Methods: Fourteen healthy non-athlete individuals with a range of 20 to 40 years of age were randomly and purposefully selected. And on two different days with and without restriction of blood flow, they played boxing with Xbox 360 for 20 minutes. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after
Results: There was a significant increase in serum Normetanephrine playing compared to before the test in both training groups, but the amount of changes between the two groups with and without blood flow restriction was not significant (P≤0.05). Exergames, in the case of unrestricted blood flow, has a significant effect on glucose, but the restriction of blood flow did not lead to a significant difference in the amount of glucose (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Exergames provide the necessary stimulus for catecholamine secretion and glucose response, and it is recommended for people with limited blood flow. Further studies are needed on the effect of restricting blood flow as a new training method on video game with movement.
Material and Methods: Fourteen healthy non-athlete individuals with a range of 20 to 40 years of age were randomly and purposefully selected. And on two different days with and without restriction of blood flow, they played boxing with Xbox 360 for 20 minutes. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after
Results: There was a significant increase in serum Normetanephrine playing compared to before the test in both training groups, but the amount of changes between the two groups with and without blood flow restriction was not significant (P≤0.05). Exergames, in the case of unrestricted blood flow, has a significant effect on glucose, but the restriction of blood flow did not lead to a significant difference in the amount of glucose (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Exergames provide the necessary stimulus for catecholamine secretion and glucose response, and it is recommended for people with limited blood flow. Further studies are needed on the effect of restricting blood flow as a new training method on video game with movement.
Mr Kasra Dolatkhahi, Adel Azar, Tooraj Karimi, Mohammad Hadizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer and in particular Breast cancer are among the diseases that have the highest mortality rate in Iran after heart disease. The accurate prognosis for Breast cancer is important, and the presence of various symptoms and features of this disease makes it difficult for doctors to diagnose. This study aimed to identify the factors affecting Breast cancer, modeling and ultimately diagnosing the risk of Breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, first, by content analysis and library studies, the effective factors in Breast cancer were identified, then with the help of a team of experts consisting of physicians and subspecialists in Breast oncology and Breast surgery; With the help of the Delphi method, the factors were adjusted and 26 final factors that were numerically correct and string based on local and climatic conditions were approved. Then, according to the final factors and based on the medical records of 5208 patients in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, to diagnose cancer, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine methods were used as machine learning methods.
Results: In the first step, by content analysis method, 29 effective factors in Breast cancer were identified. Then, taking into account the indigenous and climatic conditions and using the Delphi method and also using the opinions of 18 Experts during three years, 26 factors were finalized. In the final step, using the medical records of the patients and the results obtained from the three methods mentioned, random forest, had the highest accuracy of 94.75% and precision of 97.26% in diagnosing Breast cancer. It has been noted that, compared to other similar studies, indigenous databases have been exploited, the accuracy obtained has been very close to previous studies, and in many cases much better.
Conclusion: Using the random forest method and taking advantage of the factors affecting Breast cancer, the ability to diagnose cancer has been provided with greatest accuracy.
Materials and Methods: In the present study, first, by content analysis and library studies, the effective factors in Breast cancer were identified, then with the help of a team of experts consisting of physicians and subspecialists in Breast oncology and Breast surgery; With the help of the Delphi method, the factors were adjusted and 26 final factors that were numerically correct and string based on local and climatic conditions were approved. Then, according to the final factors and based on the medical records of 5208 patients in the Cancer Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences, to diagnose cancer, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine methods were used as machine learning methods.
Results: In the first step, by content analysis method, 29 effective factors in Breast cancer were identified. Then, taking into account the indigenous and climatic conditions and using the Delphi method and also using the opinions of 18 Experts during three years, 26 factors were finalized. In the final step, using the medical records of the patients and the results obtained from the three methods mentioned, random forest, had the highest accuracy of 94.75% and precision of 97.26% in diagnosing Breast cancer. It has been noted that, compared to other similar studies, indigenous databases have been exploited, the accuracy obtained has been very close to previous studies, and in many cases much better.
Conclusion: Using the random forest method and taking advantage of the factors affecting Breast cancer, the ability to diagnose cancer has been provided with greatest accuracy.
Marjan Ghazi Saeedi, Mozhgan Tanhapour,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Telemedicine provides medical services remotely. There are some problems with implementing telemedicine projects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the most common telemedicine services in Iran and other developed countries as well as examine the legal, financial and privacy challenges of telemedicine services in these countries, especially in the era of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Material and Methods: In this study, the status of telemedicine in Iran and developed countries was reviewed. Thus, related papers and grey literature were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran scientific databases. Also, related websites including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined. According to the study’s purposes, the relevant resources were selected and summarized by researchers.
Results: Radiology, psychiatry and cardiology are the most widely used telemedicine services for interaction with patients as well as emergency, pathology and radiology for healthcare professional communication. Teleconsulting is the most widely used telemedicine service in Iran. There are some laws such as article 74 from section 14 in the Iran development plan to support the provision of e-health and telemedicine services. Also, there are some limited laws for patients’ privacy. In Europe, there is a set of guidelines for health websites, mobile health and cross-border exchange of health information, etc. although there are no uniform laws about telemedicine. HIPAA in the United States and GDPR in Europe are some privacy laws in developed countries. There are some restrictions on telemedicine reimbursement in the United States including the fee-for-service payment model; however, the costs of telemedicine in the United States are usually less than face-to-face treatment.
Conclusion: In the present era using telemedicine services become a requirement due to the outbreaks of epidemics such as COVID-19. Concerning the experience of developed countries, telemedicine services development in Iran requires some considerations in terms of legal, financial and privacy aspects including the creation of explicit laws on patients and healthcare provider’s rights, providing the telemedicine guidelines in different clinical fields such as structured formats for teleconsultation as well as the explicit laws for preserving the patient’s privacy.
Material and Methods: In this study, the status of telemedicine in Iran and developed countries was reviewed. Thus, related papers and grey literature were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SID and Magiran scientific databases. Also, related websites including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of the Islamic Republic of Iran were examined. According to the study’s purposes, the relevant resources were selected and summarized by researchers.
Results: Radiology, psychiatry and cardiology are the most widely used telemedicine services for interaction with patients as well as emergency, pathology and radiology for healthcare professional communication. Teleconsulting is the most widely used telemedicine service in Iran. There are some laws such as article 74 from section 14 in the Iran development plan to support the provision of e-health and telemedicine services. Also, there are some limited laws for patients’ privacy. In Europe, there is a set of guidelines for health websites, mobile health and cross-border exchange of health information, etc. although there are no uniform laws about telemedicine. HIPAA in the United States and GDPR in Europe are some privacy laws in developed countries. There are some restrictions on telemedicine reimbursement in the United States including the fee-for-service payment model; however, the costs of telemedicine in the United States are usually less than face-to-face treatment.
Conclusion: In the present era using telemedicine services become a requirement due to the outbreaks of epidemics such as COVID-19. Concerning the experience of developed countries, telemedicine services development in Iran requires some considerations in terms of legal, financial and privacy aspects including the creation of explicit laws on patients and healthcare provider’s rights, providing the telemedicine guidelines in different clinical fields such as structured formats for teleconsultation as well as the explicit laws for preserving the patient’s privacy.
Leila Nemati-Anaraki, Fatemeh Khazaee, Hasan Ashrafi-Rizi,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the most important needs of the elderly is information. Public libraries are among the centers that can play an effective role in providing information services year after year. The purpose of this study was to investigate the situation of public libraries affiliated with the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in the Health Information Report for 2020 in Tehran province.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical in nature and with applied results. In this study, due to the comprehensiveness of the work, sampling was not done and in other words, the research sample was with the research community. The research community of Tehran Province Public Librarians was affiliated with the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality (87 people). The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of seven experts in the field of library and medical information. And its reliability was calculated 0.9 through Cronbach’s alpha. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test.
Results: The situation of resources, tools and technology as well as the services of public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in providing health information to the elderly are unfavorable and below average (P>0.05). Findings show that services can be provided Health services in public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality for the elderly, respectively, insufficient budget and lack of facilities and equipment for the elderly and lack of up-to-date, lack or reporting of information sources.
Conclusion: According to the results, the situation of public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in providing health information to the elderly in Tehran province was unfavorable. Due to demographic changes in the coming years, it is necessary for the public libraries of their country to prepare to provide appropriate services to the previous years.
Materials and Methods: The present study was descriptive-analytical in nature and with applied results. In this study, due to the comprehensiveness of the work, sampling was not done and in other words, the research sample was with the research community. The research community of Tehran Province Public Librarians was affiliated with the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality (87 people). The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed based on the opinions of seven experts in the field of library and medical information. And its reliability was calculated 0.9 through Cronbach’s alpha. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test.
Results: The situation of resources, tools and technology as well as the services of public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in providing health information to the elderly are unfavorable and below average (P>0.05). Findings show that services can be provided Health services in public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality for the elderly, respectively, insufficient budget and lack of facilities and equipment for the elderly and lack of up-to-date, lack or reporting of information sources.
Conclusion: According to the results, the situation of public libraries affiliated to the Cultural and Artistic Organization of Tehran Municipality in providing health information to the elderly in Tehran province was unfavorable. Due to demographic changes in the coming years, it is necessary for the public libraries of their country to prepare to provide appropriate services to the previous years.
Soheila Khoeini, Ali Reza Noruzi, Zeinab Jozi, Esmaeil Mostafavi,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bibliotherapy is a useful treatment for the prevention and treatment of mental disorders and has led to the formation of many scientific publications in this field. The purpose of this study was to investigate the publication trends in the field of bibliotherapy and visualize the structure of its scientific collaborations based on the Web of Science database during the period 1975 to 2020.
Materials and Methods: The present scientometric study was conducted by citation analysis and social network analysis. The statistical population includes 1032 documents published. HistCite, VOSveiwer, Pajek and UciNet software were used to analyze the data. The co-authorship networks were analyzed and drawn by the VOSviewer software.
Results: U.S., UK, and Australia were ranked first to third with 369, 148, and 91 documents respectively. The documents published by researchers from these three countries have received 10547, 3459, and 3041 citations, respectively. The Universities of Alabama, Nevada, and the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published the most in this field, with 29, 26, and 21 documents. Scogin F, Cuijpers P, and Rohde P were the most prolific authors with 29, 21, and 17 documents, respectively. Miller WR, Cuijpers P, and Andersson G received the most citations with 2441, 2298, and 1750, citations respectively. UK with 63 degree centrality, U.S. the most influential country with a betweenness centrality of 191.450 and the closeness centrality of the 80 were the most influential countries, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam with a betweenness centrality of 1416.755 and a closeness centrality of 658 and the Karolinska Institute with a degree centrality of 43 was the most influential organizations. Rohde P with 39-degree centrality and Cuijpers P with 314.500 betweenness centrality and 821 closeness centrality were the most active author in the co-authorship networks in bibliotherapy. Journal of Clinical Counseling and Psychology was the most cited and the Journal of Poetry Therapy published the most documents.
Conclusion: Paying more attention than before to the cooperation of countries, universities and active authors in the field of bibliotherapy can lead to more knowledge and experience exchange in developed and developing countries.
Materials and Methods: The present scientometric study was conducted by citation analysis and social network analysis. The statistical population includes 1032 documents published. HistCite, VOSveiwer, Pajek and UciNet software were used to analyze the data. The co-authorship networks were analyzed and drawn by the VOSviewer software.
Results: U.S., UK, and Australia were ranked first to third with 369, 148, and 91 documents respectively. The documents published by researchers from these three countries have received 10547, 3459, and 3041 citations, respectively. The Universities of Alabama, Nevada, and the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden published the most in this field, with 29, 26, and 21 documents. Scogin F, Cuijpers P, and Rohde P were the most prolific authors with 29, 21, and 17 documents, respectively. Miller WR, Cuijpers P, and Andersson G received the most citations with 2441, 2298, and 1750, citations respectively. UK with 63 degree centrality, U.S. the most influential country with a betweenness centrality of 191.450 and the closeness centrality of the 80 were the most influential countries, and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam with a betweenness centrality of 1416.755 and a closeness centrality of 658 and the Karolinska Institute with a degree centrality of 43 was the most influential organizations. Rohde P with 39-degree centrality and Cuijpers P with 314.500 betweenness centrality and 821 closeness centrality were the most active author in the co-authorship networks in bibliotherapy. Journal of Clinical Counseling and Psychology was the most cited and the Journal of Poetry Therapy published the most documents.
Conclusion: Paying more attention than before to the cooperation of countries, universities and active authors in the field of bibliotherapy can lead to more knowledge and experience exchange in developed and developing countries.
Tahereh Abolghasem, Maryam Nakhoda, Dr Sepideh Fahimifar, Dr Mohammad Khandan,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Knowledge management and employee engagement are the key factors for organizations to achieve competitive advantage, increase productivity and improve performance. The purpose of this study was to identify the relation of effective factors on employee engagement and healthcare knowledge management in the organization.
Materials and Methods: This research was applied in terms of systematic review and was done by meta-analysis-quantitative method. The statistical population included external research. Data collection tools are researcher-made checklist and EBL critical appraisal checklist (Glynn). For this purpose, comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2.0 was used.
Results: Findings showed that at 95% confidence level, employee engagement has a significant relation on healthcare knowledge management and was able to explain 37% of knowledge management. Leadership (0.349), Reward (0.616), Organizational Culture (0.655), Job Satisfaction (0.674), Innovation (0.493), productivity (0.411), organizational performance (0.775) and organizational learning (0.548) are factors that was affecting employee engagement and healthcare knowledge management. The results of heterogeneity tests showed that the studies were heterogeneous and therefore the random effect size was used. The funnel diagram shows high standard error and high bias. In other words, the distribution of research was not normal and random.
Conclusion: Managers can increase the level of engagement and management of organizational knowledge by focusing on the identified factors and its implementation in the organization and increase the level of desire and participation of employees in knowledge management processes.
Materials and Methods: This research was applied in terms of systematic review and was done by meta-analysis-quantitative method. The statistical population included external research. Data collection tools are researcher-made checklist and EBL critical appraisal checklist (Glynn). For this purpose, comprehensive meta-analysis software version 2.0 was used.
Results: Findings showed that at 95% confidence level, employee engagement has a significant relation on healthcare knowledge management and was able to explain 37% of knowledge management. Leadership (0.349), Reward (0.616), Organizational Culture (0.655), Job Satisfaction (0.674), Innovation (0.493), productivity (0.411), organizational performance (0.775) and organizational learning (0.548) are factors that was affecting employee engagement and healthcare knowledge management. The results of heterogeneity tests showed that the studies were heterogeneous and therefore the random effect size was used. The funnel diagram shows high standard error and high bias. In other words, the distribution of research was not normal and random.
Conclusion: Managers can increase the level of engagement and management of organizational knowledge by focusing on the identified factors and its implementation in the organization and increase the level of desire and participation of employees in knowledge management processes.
Mohammad Reza Shahraki, Motahare Fallah,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The healthcare sector plays an important role in the development of communities by ensuring the health of individuals in each community and can have many social and economic effects on the lives of individuals in the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of the country’s provinces based on health facilities and the level of access to these facilities, to find solutions to reduce differences between different parts of the country.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach. In this study, 31 provinces of the country have been studied in terms of 10 indicators. Data and information of this study were extracted from the national statistical yearbook and ranked using Center-weighted index method by using Excel software. Then, using taxonomy method, the degree of development of the provinces has been determined.
Results: The results of the study show that South Khorasan province with a centrality index of 45,692 is in the first place, Yazd province with a centrality index of 43,933 is in the second place and Ilam province with a centrality index of 40,668 is in the third place. East Azerbaijan province with a centrality index of 27,375 is ranked 29th, Qom province with a centrality index of 25,417 is ranked 30th and Hormozgan province with a centrality index of 24,286 is ranked 31st. The degree of development of the provinces is between 0.507 to 0.98, which in terms of development of Yazd province is in the first rank and Hormozgan province is in the last rank.
Conclusion: The results show that there is a deep gap between the provinces in terms of development and access to health indicators; Therefore, it needs more attention and adopt the necessary policies and plans to reduce this gap.
Materials and Methods: This study was an applied study with a descriptive-analytical approach. In this study, 31 provinces of the country have been studied in terms of 10 indicators. Data and information of this study were extracted from the national statistical yearbook and ranked using Center-weighted index method by using Excel software. Then, using taxonomy method, the degree of development of the provinces has been determined.
Results: The results of the study show that South Khorasan province with a centrality index of 45,692 is in the first place, Yazd province with a centrality index of 43,933 is in the second place and Ilam province with a centrality index of 40,668 is in the third place. East Azerbaijan province with a centrality index of 27,375 is ranked 29th, Qom province with a centrality index of 25,417 is ranked 30th and Hormozgan province with a centrality index of 24,286 is ranked 31st. The degree of development of the provinces is between 0.507 to 0.98, which in terms of development of Yazd province is in the first rank and Hormozgan province is in the last rank.
Conclusion: The results show that there is a deep gap between the provinces in terms of development and access to health indicators; Therefore, it needs more attention and adopt the necessary policies and plans to reduce this gap.
Sousan Rabihavy, Zhila Najafpour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Operation rooms have several specialty processes, a higher level of technology, complicated treatment protocols, and the need for skillful human recourses, which is one of the highest risk wards in the hospital. Therefore, this study was initiated to identify and evaluate potential errors by using the Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) approach to recognize the potential errors in operation rooms of Golestan hospital of Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: This research was done with a qualitative approach in seven stages and it was based on the FMECA protocol. Data were obtained through direct observation, assessment of documents and interviews with the related staff. In this regard, surgical processes were extracted from the beginig of the surgical planning to discharge patient from the post-anesthesia care unit, after that the potential errors associated with each process were identified. Finally, the risk priority number of each of them was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detectability (D). Score analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In the present study, during the analysis of processes related to surgical care, 17 primary surgery processes and 75 sub processes (from surgical planning to discharg from the post-anesthesia care unit) were identified. Seventy failure modes were identified. Ultimately, after analyzing the failure modes in the risk matrix, among the 70 identified failure modes, two failure modes had unacceptable risk, including no proper cleaning of the operation theatre and marking the surgical site, and there was Seven other failure modes with moderate risk, including unappropraite hand hygiene and environmental and operating room fixed equipment disinfection, central oxygen disconnection, lack of equipments in night shift, delay in delivery of prostheses to the surgical site, transfer of patient who requires intensive care to the ward, were identified. Human and organizational causes contributed the most to the occurrence of potential errors.
Conclusion: Analysis of failure modes showed that the highest probability of error occurs in the processes during surgery and due to human and organizational factors. Identification of 70 potential errors in 17 processes of the Operating Room indicates the integrity of FMECA’s preventive approach in identifying and prioritizing the high-risk areas of the processes, insensitive parts such as the operating room.
Materials and Methods: This research was done with a qualitative approach in seven stages and it was based on the FMECA protocol. Data were obtained through direct observation, assessment of documents and interviews with the related staff. In this regard, surgical processes were extracted from the beginig of the surgical planning to discharge patient from the post-anesthesia care unit, after that the potential errors associated with each process were identified. Finally, the risk priority number of each of them was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detectability (D). Score analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In the present study, during the analysis of processes related to surgical care, 17 primary surgery processes and 75 sub processes (from surgical planning to discharg from the post-anesthesia care unit) were identified. Seventy failure modes were identified. Ultimately, after analyzing the failure modes in the risk matrix, among the 70 identified failure modes, two failure modes had unacceptable risk, including no proper cleaning of the operation theatre and marking the surgical site, and there was Seven other failure modes with moderate risk, including unappropraite hand hygiene and environmental and operating room fixed equipment disinfection, central oxygen disconnection, lack of equipments in night shift, delay in delivery of prostheses to the surgical site, transfer of patient who requires intensive care to the ward, were identified. Human and organizational causes contributed the most to the occurrence of potential errors.
Conclusion: Analysis of failure modes showed that the highest probability of error occurs in the processes during surgery and due to human and organizational factors. Identification of 70 potential errors in 17 processes of the Operating Room indicates the integrity of FMECA’s preventive approach in identifying and prioritizing the high-risk areas of the processes, insensitive parts such as the operating room.
Zahra Aghasizadeh, Ali Reza Pouya, Nasser Motahari Farimani, Ali Vafeaa Najjar,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hospitals are the most important component of the health system and accurate evaluation of their performance is important. So far, much research has been done on the evaluation of hospitals using DEA models, but in these studies, organizations are considered as a black box and system processes and relationships between them are ignored. In this study, the efficiency of hospitals was evaluated using network envelopment analysis and its results were compared with simple envelopment analysis.
Materials and Methods: The method of the present research was ptactical and the nature of the survey was descriptive. The research population was all hospitals and educational centers affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with a capacity of more than one hundred beds, which included twelve public hospitals and forty-eight sections. To collect information, methods of observing and studying documents, records and statistics of hospital activities have been used. For validation, by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the proposed model has a significant correlation with the Black Box DEA Model and the validity of the model was confirmed. SOLVER DEA and EXCEL software were used to implement the model.
Results: The results show that by considering the internal departments of the organization as well as the relations between the departments, a more accurate analysis of the efficiency of the hospitals would be done and we will have a better separation in the ranking between the organizations. Also, by using the network DEA model, the overall efficiency, the efficiency of each department and the rank of each department in comparison with similar departments in other hospitals are determined.
Conclusion: The framework presented in this study can be an appropriate criterion for measuring the efficiency of hospitals and their internal sections by determining the overall position of each hospital relative to other hospitals and by determining the efficiency of the section. By determining the efficiency of the internal departments of hospitals, a suitable priority is provided for allocating resources and investing in different departments in the direction of organizational improvement.
Materials and Methods: The method of the present research was ptactical and the nature of the survey was descriptive. The research population was all hospitals and educational centers affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with a capacity of more than one hundred beds, which included twelve public hospitals and forty-eight sections. To collect information, methods of observing and studying documents, records and statistics of hospital activities have been used. For validation, by calculating Spearman correlation coefficient, it was found that the proposed model has a significant correlation with the Black Box DEA Model and the validity of the model was confirmed. SOLVER DEA and EXCEL software were used to implement the model.
Results: The results show that by considering the internal departments of the organization as well as the relations between the departments, a more accurate analysis of the efficiency of the hospitals would be done and we will have a better separation in the ranking between the organizations. Also, by using the network DEA model, the overall efficiency, the efficiency of each department and the rank of each department in comparison with similar departments in other hospitals are determined.
Conclusion: The framework presented in this study can be an appropriate criterion for measuring the efficiency of hospitals and their internal sections by determining the overall position of each hospital relative to other hospitals and by determining the efficiency of the section. By determining the efficiency of the internal departments of hospitals, a suitable priority is provided for allocating resources and investing in different departments in the direction of organizational improvement.
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