Showing 53 results for Mic
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Maryam Shojaei Zinjanab , Saeid Vahedi, Hamid Mahmoudi , Shahroud Ghanbarzadeh, Fatemeh Hedayati Rad,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (7-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vegetables are one of the major components of food basket and consumption of them is on the rise. On the other hand, diseases and outbreaks caused by this group of foodstuffs have increasing trend. This study was performed to investigate the microbial contamination of vegetables used in south of Tehran.
Materials and Methods: Hundred fresh packaged and non packaged vegetable samples composed of 10 kinds, were examined based on the methods presented in Iran national standards. For each sample, enumeration of enterococcus and total microbial count was carried out by the pour plate technique in KF agar and plate count agar, respectively. Escherichia coli detection was also performed using lauryl sulfate broth, EC broth, peptone water and MacConkey agar mediums. Biochemical tests namely urea hydrolysis, motility, sulfide hydrogen (SH2) production, gas production and sugar fermentation were conducted as conformational tests of Escherichia coli.
Results: All (100%) of mixed leafy vegetables, spinaches, peppers, kuku (Persian food) vegetables, wheat sprouts and mung been sprouts had contamination higher than acceptable limits. In the case of green onions, basils, kuku vegetables, mushrooms and broccolis, respectively 40, 60, 30, 90 and 30 % of the samples were in contravention with acceptable limits, in terms of at least one parameter.
Conclusion: Our results show that consumption of vegetables specially those used as raw, need more attention at washing point and need to use hygienic rules of health department and health care centers, at shopping and consumption steps.
Badri Razeghi, Haideh Saberi,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: E-learning would provide learners with this opportunity. In this study we compared self regulation and academic achievement in traditional and virtual students.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study among 49 face to face and virtual master students of virtual school of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2015, in which the O Nil & Hong’s valid and reliable questionnaire was used to assess self regulation. Also we assessed academic achievement by students' courses mean scores. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.
Results: Forty seven students participated in the study. There was no difference between groups considering sex and age. Traditional and virtual students' scores were significantly different only in the “self assessment” factor (P-value= 0.050). There was no difference in other factors of self regulation or academic achievement.
Conclusion: Results of this study showed that e-learning is at least as effective as face to face teaching. On the other hand in some cases has more effects on self regulation factors. So considering e-learning advantages, it is recommended to be used as a suitable substitute.
Zahra Jalali, Hasan Ashrafi-Rizi, Mohammad Reza Soleymani, Mina Afshar,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Functions and services of academic libraries have been affected very much by the entrance and the development of information technology (IT) in university libraries. Since the main mission of academic libraries is advance of educational and research programs of university, the authorities should deploy expertise with technical skills to be able to fulfill their most important job. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the adoption of information technology by librarians of governmental academic libraries based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Materials and Methods: This was a survey research and the tool was a questionnaire based on TAM. The study population consisted of 151 librarians and census method was used. The validity was confirmed by experts in library and information sciences and also IT. Reliability obtained 0.89 using Cronbach's alpha. Statistical method was descriptive, inferential and data analysis was done via software SPSS20.
Results: Determination coefficient 0.282 shows that TAM is applicable in research population. This means that the applicability of the TAM was relatively appropriate for study about librarians of university libraries. Priorities effects of TAMs variables on the actual use of IT shows the most effective variable are intent to use (0.39), perceived ease of use (0.21), perceived usefulness (0.15) and attitude to use of IT (0.12).
Conclusion: Provision of required IT infrastructure and training for effective use should be considered for librarians. In addition to that, courses of introduction to library information technology should be included in the library and information science curriculum.
Fakhraldin Maroufi, Adel Salavati, Jalil Marabi, Faeze Foruzanfar,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (12-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Work related musculoskeletal disorders shape a high percentage of physical and mental problems especially in health system work force. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ergonomic interventions by training the basics of ergonomics and exercise on neck pain in nurse staff of Tohid Hospital of Sanandaj.
Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental and interventional study was conducted on 60 nurses of Tohid Hospital of Sanandaj who had neck pain in the last quarter of 1394 and they were chosen by random sampling method and were divided into intervention and control groups. Data were gathered using standard Modified Qswestry Neck Pain Questionnaire and pain Numeric Rating Scale. After providing ergonomics trainings and exercises to intervention group, re-evaluation was carried out and the results were compaired to the control group. Data was analyzed using Mini tab 16 software, descriptive and analytic statistics, paired t-test, the correlation coefficient and linear regression.
Results: The average age in intervention and control groups was 35 and 33 years, and the average work experience was 13 and 12.9 years respectively. There was a statistical significant relation between three variables of age, work experience and marital status with the pain intensity variable (p-value<0.05), but gender had no effect on the pain intensity (p-value=0.128).
Conclusion: Standardization of the work methods and implementing exercises, can reduce neck pain and increase physical ability of work staff, which can reduce their work absenteeism and increase their motivation.
Jayran Zebardast, Nikzad Eisazadeh, Khorshid Vaskoei Eshkevari , Abolalfath Ghafari , Fatemeh Mirbazegh,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nurses’ knowledge, attitude and performance towards the principles of Islamic ethics are remarkable in nursing care in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the knowledge, attitude and performance of 551 nurses were evaluated based on their age, sex, education, and type of employment in TUMS hospitals (by a valid questionnaire). All data were analyzed by SPSS. In this study, a questionnaire was designed through a Focus group discussion and then its validity was evaluated. Moreover, the reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by test-retest method.
Results: Our study showed that female sex, work experience of 15-20 years, type of employment, and higher education were associated with a higher level of knowledge, attitude and performance towards principles of Islamic ethics. Also, according to our analysis, there was a significant relationship between age and level of knowledge, attitude and performance of the principles of Islamic ethics (p<0.05) especially at the age of 40's.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there is a significant relationship between educational indices and work experience, and the age of nurses with the level of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the principles of Islamic ethics. It is suggested that educational courses about Islamic ethics be presented based on nurses’ educational levels and age.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Bahram Nikmanesh, Mohammad Taghi Haghi-Ashtiani , Arash Okazi , Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi ,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In today’s world, antibiotic resistance is inevitable. This has been the case since the discovery of antibiotics. The aim of this research is to study serotyping and multiple antibiotic resistance pattern of Shigella sonnei isolated from diarrheal stool of patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 600 diarrheal stool specimens were obtained from patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran over a period of twelve months. The stool samples were collected in Cary-Blair transport medium and transferred to the laboratory. The identification was carried out according to the standard cultivation method, and the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kerry Bauer disk method according to with CLSI procedure.
Results: Out of 600 samples, only 18 (3%) were found to be contaminated with Shigella sonnei. The results of antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates showed that they were resistant to tetracycline; streptomycin, clindamycin and cortimoxazol. Furthermore, 66.67% of isolates had multiple resistance to tetracycline, cortimoxazol, streptomycin, ticarcillin and clindamycin antibiotics.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that multiple resistance of Shigella sonnei to tested antibiotics is increasing. This is alarming; necessary steps should be taken to prevent such a phenomenon.
Seyed Javad Ghazi Mirsaeid , Fatemeh Sheikhshoaei , Hossein Dehdari Rad , Rasoul Nasirian,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ergonomics is the science of refining and optimizing the working environment, occupation and equipment, and matching it with human capabilities and limitations. The purpose of this study was to compare the working environment conditions of the library staff with Ergonomic Principles in selected Universities of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2016.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. The population of this study included all faculty librarians of selected Medical Sciences Universities in Tehran. This study was conducted by census method and all population members (n=85) were studied. The data collection tools were ergonomic checklist in the library environment and a researcher-made questionnaire on the educational status of ergonomic principles. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 22 after they were collected and entered into the computer.
Results: Based on the obtained findings, it became clear that the status of variables such as body conditions, work space, equipment and environmental conditions was average in terms of ergonomic principles and health variables, and safety factors and welfare facilities were at an undesirable level. In each of the variables of body condition, work space, equipment and safety factors among the libraries of selected Universities, ergonomic conditions did not have significant differences.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the conditions of the librarians’ working environment in the studied community were not favorable in terms of ergonomic conditions.
Ehsan Estabraghi, Majid Sadeghpour, Amir Mehrabani,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Pomegranate skin contains large amounts of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds. Increasing antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli bacteria as a major contributor to urinary tract infections and Staphylococcus
aureus is a cause of resistance to treatment-resistant infections, a serious need for alternative therapies or compounds that exhibit less resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial properties of Pomegranate extract and inhibit antibiotic resistance of the extract against pathogenic bacteria.
Materials and Methods: After collecting fresh Pomegranate skin, they were dried in a place of sunlight and in shade for 48-72 hours and extraction was done by maceration, in order to determine the minimum level of exposure (Dilution) inhibitor was used from the Muller Hinton Broth and Brain heart Infusion Agar (BHI: Bullet Hit Indicator). The resulting turbidity was measured in a well solution
(microdilution).
Results: The results of microdilution test showed that the growth inhibitory concentration (MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was equal to dilution of 1.8 to 25 μL from Pomegranate extract for E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) was equal to a dilution of 1.16 times 12.5 μL of Pomegranate extract.
Conclusion:The extract extracted from Pomegranate skin has the most antimicrobial properties in comparison with other cases. This extract has the most antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria from gram-positive bacteria and against E. coli bacteria that is an indicator of fecal contamination. Finally, Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest susceptibility to this extract.
Mojtaba Ghiasi, Ahmad Sarlak, Hadi Ghafari,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the past studies, few researchers have addressed the simultaneous effects of human capital in health and education indicators on the economic growth of the country, and especially, provinces of the country. Therefore, the current study examined the simultaneous effects of human capital in health and education indicators on the economic growth in Iran s’ Provinces
Materials and Methods: This was an applied, analytical, descriptive study, and the research community consisted of the country's provinces. The data were collected through documentary-library research and from the databases of Iran Office for National Statistics, and Central Bank; afterwards, they were analyzed via unit-root and chow tests, using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Eviews 9.
Results: The results showed that each percent of rise in family health expenditure, fertility rate, and life expectancy increased the provincial economic growth by 0.033%, 0.71%, and 1.83% respectively. In addition, 1% rise in mortality rate decreased the provincial economic growth by 0.43%. Educational expenditure influenced the provincial economic growth by a coefficient of 0.08, and credit capital asset acquisition, by a coefficient of 0.048.
Conclusion: Human capital is considered a long-term investment in health and education sectors which should be an important priority on the agenda of provincial policymakers.
Leila Eslami Eshlaghi, Abbas Khamseh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of knowledge management on innovation performance in the pharmaceutical industry, which leads to a sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of knowledge management on innovation performance in Salamat pharmaceutical investment holding.
Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-survey applied in terms of data collection method, The statistical population of this research included all the experts and managers of the Salamat Holding Research and Development Unit located in Tehran in the first half of the year 2018. Data were collected through a census, and tools used in this study consisted of standard questionnaire of innovation performance, knowledge management and dynamic capabilities of knowledge management. Data analysis was done by using SPSS and SMART PLS software.
Results: The results indicate that R & D, product innovation, process innovation and organization size have a significant correlation with innovation performance, which with R2=0.98 have been able to predict the behavior of the variable of innovation performance. R & D with ß=0.466 has the most positive impact on innovation performance. But the hypothesis about the significant effect of knowledge management on innovation performance and, consequently, the moderating effect of KMdynamic capabilities on knowledge management relationships on innovation performance was not valid.
Conclusion: Considering the results of this study, Thinking about the transformation of traditional business methods into new forms and the provision of a behavioral and cultural context in the implementation of knowledge management is significant.
Parastoo Zakipour, Davoud Kianifard, Ghasem Akbari, Emad Khalilzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the commonly used drugs in the treatment of hyperactivity disorder in children. The use of MPH has been associated with increased activity of the central nervous system so may lead to the abuse of this compound. Nicotine is one of the compounds available in a wide range of people in various forms. The negative effects of nicotine on pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis have been reported. In this study, the effects of long-term and simultaneous administration of methylphenidate and nicotine before and during pregnancy in mice on the microscopic structure of testicular tissue in newborn babies were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Adult mice received nicotine and methylphenidate for eight weeks before and during pregnancy. Embryologic indices and microscopic structure of testicular tissue were evaluated in newborn babies.
Results: The results showed that embryologic and histologic indices in newborns from treated mice decreased in comparison to control group. A decrease of cellular population of seminiferous tubules and development of some structural changes in seminiferous tubules has been observed in treated groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the simultaneous administration of nicotine and methylphenidate before and during pregnancy could induce some structural alterations in testicular tissue in embryonic development and postnatal period.
Mahdi Shahraki, Simin Ghaderi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the high level of out-of-pocket payments for health expenditures and the importance of household health expenditure management, this study aimed to investigate socioeconomic factors affecting Iranian urban households’ health expenditures.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and applied study was conducted cross-sectionally at national level with microeconomic approach. The sample included 18809 urban households living in Iran's provinces in 2016; they were selected by three-stage sampling method. Data were collected by the household income-expenditure questionnaire of Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The results were evaluated in Stata 14 software using Heckman two-step method.
Results: The results showed that socioeconomic factors such as increasing of income and insurance expenditures, having insurance, number of employed people, head's literacy, increasing of per capita expenditures of tobacco and education led to an increase in household health expenditures. Mother-headed households had lower health expenditures than others; and head of household’s age, household size, and the presence of elderly persons led to an increase in household health expenditures.
Conclusion: Household socio-economic factors not only affected the decision to enter health market but also influenced the purchase of goods and health services and inequality in health sector. Therefore, certain policies are essential to improve the socio-economic status towards reducing inequality in health sector; such a thing can be achieved through employment creation, growth of income, investment in education, and increase of insurance coverage.
Mansoureh Baqeripour, Ahmadreza Khazaei,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Because of its direct connection with human life, medicine is a sacred profession that has been considered by infallible imams (pbuh) and stories have been told about it from the beginning of Islam. With the increasing progress of technology, the study of the relationship between a patient and his/her doctor and of patients' familiarity with their rights has expanded. However, what has been the focus of legislators' attention more than ever is the compensation of damages caused by medical acts.
Materials and Methods: First, using library resources and validated research articles, we conducted a comparison method. Then, the collected documents were studied with descriptive and analytical method. In addition to books, articles, and the writings of law and jurisprudence sites, the researcher benefited from the opinions of jurists, lawyers, physicians, and the losers of medical affairs to explain the purpose of this research.
Results: With certain rules, the legislator has removed the causes of physician's commitment and responsibility; obtaining the consent of the patient or his/her guardian before treatment is among them.
Conclusion: This article considers full support for the physicians' acts in curing patients. However, it is necessary to highlight the responsibilities of the medical team; in fact, non-compliance with medical regulations as well as technical standards and regulations will have legal consequences.
Aeen Mohammadi, Rita Mojtahedzadeh, Afzal Shamsi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Students' academic achievement is one of the important indicators in evaluating the educational system. Emotional intelligence is one of the success factors in educational environments that can predict success in different aspects of life.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic achievement in students of Anesthesiology and Operating Room of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 140 people of anesthesiology students and operating room of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The samples were selected by available method. The instrument consisted of two demographic questionnaires and the Bradbury and Graves' standard questionnaire for emotional intelligence. In order to measure academic achievement, the average score of the whole course of the students was used. Data were analyzed by SPSS software and P<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Pearson's correlation coefficient showed a significant positive correlation between academic achievement and total emotional intelligence(r=0.554) and all its dimensions(self-awareness, self-management, social awareness and relationship management)(P=0.000). The mean score of emotional intelligence in female students(114.11±11.40) was higher than that of male students(113.39±12.57)(P=0.887).
Conclusion: The mean score of students' emotional intelligence and its dimensions was in a desired level. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and all aspects of it with academic achievement. Therefore, it is essential for the authorities to plan for the improvement of the level of emotional intelligence for the students' academic achievement.
Mohammad Saber Malaki, Leila Rouhi, Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lactobacillus is the most important genus of lactic acid bacteria and the use of some species of lactobacillus with the probiotic potential can be effective for inhibition of the growth of some pathogens and control of
gastrointestinal diseases and cancers. In this study, the pro-apoptotic and antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus sakei on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line and some gastrointestinal pathogenic species was examined.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of metabolites of Lactobacillus sakei was assessed by Well Diffusion Agar (WDA) method against some gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria. HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml concentrations of sakei metabolites and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturers protocol in both incubation times. For error reduction, each test was performed in triplicate
Results: The results of this study indicate that sakei was able to produce antimicrobial metabolites against gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria. Also, the results of the Annexin test showed that with increasing concentration of sakei metabolites in dose dependent manner, induction of apoptosis in this cell line increases (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that there is a good research field for the use of bioactive compounds produced by Lactobacillus sakei in the control of gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria and treatment of human colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Nida Abdolahi, Mohamad Reza Nili Nili Ahmadabadi, Soghra Ebrahimi Qavam, Khadijeh Aliabadi, Mohammad Asgari,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Deep and sustainable learning requires a safe and healthy environment. Moreover, paying attention to the intertwined emotional, motivational, cognitive and social processes in the teaching-learning process is vital. Academic achievement motivation and self-regulated learning (SRL) are two important elements in this process that are influenced by the achievement emotions in the learning environment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of instructional design model based on control-value theory of achievement emotions (CVT), on academic achievement motivation and self-regulation learning.
Materials and Methods: The research was quantitative and performed by Nonequlment design control group. The statistical population included female second year high school students in Tehran in the academic year of 1997-98, who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling in two experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained according to the instructional design model based on CVT theory and the control group did not receive this training method. The questionnaire of academic achievement motivation and self-regulated learning was administered to the experimental and control groups as pre-test and post-test before and after the implementation of the model. Data were analyzed by inferential and descriptive statistics using SPSS software and multivariate covariance.
Results: The results of univariate analysis of covariance of group effect on the scores of dependent variables show that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in cognitive strategy (F=11/94, P>0/05, η2=0/14), metacognition strategy (F=56/06, P>0/05, η2=0/44), motivational beliefs (F=6/36, P>0/05, η2=0/08) and academic achievement motivation (F=10/69, P>0/05, η2 =0/13).
Conclusion: The result of this study show that the use of instructional design model based on CVT theory has a positive effect on cognitive strategies, metacognition strategies, motivational beliefs and learners' academic achievement motivation.
Vahid Changizi, Maryam Mohammadi, Samaneh Baradaran, Mehran Taheri,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: On panoramic radiographs, sensitive organs, including the thyroid, are exposed to radiation. Thyroid cancer is one of the most common cancers in Iran. That is why, in this study the effective dose and risk of thyroid cancer were estimated on panoramic radiography.
Materials and Methods: Seventy GR200 thermoluminescence (TLD) dosimeters were used to estimate the absorbed dose of thyroid. The dosimeters were calibrated and placed on the patients’ necks during panoramic radiography. After dosimeters were read, the mean absorbed dose and effective thyroid dose were calculated in three groups with different radiation conditions. Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of thyroid cancer was estimated using the model presented in the BEIR VII report. GraphPad Prism statistical software was used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean absorbed dose of thyroid lobes in groups M, L, XL (According to mandibular size) was estimated to be 0.116±0.01, 0.123±0.04 and 0.03±0.134 mg, respectively. The right thyroid lobe in group XL with absorption dose of 0.143±0.05 mg and the left lobe in group M with absorption dose of 0.106±0.03 mg had the highest and the lowest absorption doses, respectively. The difference between the absorbed doses of the right and left thyroid lobes in any of the three groups was not statistically significant. Thyroid absorption doses in these three groups were not statistically significant. The highest risk of thyroid cancer in the age range of 15-60 years was related to the age of 15, which was estimated to be 0.238 in women and 0.042 in men per 100,000 people.
Conclusion: In lower ages and among women, the risk of thyroid cancer is higher than that of men. Also, due to the impossibility of limiting thyroid radiation in panoramic radiography using lead thyroid collar that causes metal artifacts, we should reduce the number of panoramic radiographs as much as possible, especially at lower ages.
Moslem Soleymanpor, Mohamad Taghi Amini, Yazdan Shirmohammadi, Ali Shahnazari,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the global expansion of Covid 19, the tourism industry has faced one of its biggest operational, commercial and financial crises, and most of the source-destination interactions have been suspended and have changed the view of the host community and their interactions with tourists. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for tourism development during the Covid 19 crisis and beyond.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a combined (qualitative-quantitative) research approach. First, in a qualitative method with the data foundation approach, interviews with academic experts and managers and activists of the tourism industry in East and West Azerbaijan Provinces, and using purposeful and theoretical sampling, 18 people were selected to the point of information saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data extracted from interviews were encoded by open, axial and selective coding. Then, to fit and test the obtained model in the second step (quantitative part), the method of structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis were used.
Results: The final model consists of a total of 66 concepts extracted from the interviews, in the form of 14 categories and contextual categories, causal conditions, interventional conditions, strategies and finally, consequences and results of tourism entrepreneurship in pandemic crises and all of them affect this model. Based on the results of combined reliability, extracted variance, model determination coefficient and goodness-of-fit index, the drawn model in the field of path analysis has good experimental-theoretical assumptions and has a very good fit. Based on the obtained path coefficients, it can be concluded that the intervention conditions had the most and the causal conditions had the least impact on the strategic model of the tourism industry in pandemic crises.
Conclusion: Results indicate that strategies such as virtual tourism development, crisis management in the tourism industry, the development of domestic tourism by emphasizing the observance of health protocols and focusing on the development of tourism infrastructure, leads to the realization of consequences such as the maintenance and prosperity of tourism businesses, strengthening the tourism industry and creating a new tourism market for the post-corona era.
Seyede Mahrokh Alinaghi-Maddah, Maryam Zahedi Tabarestani, Kazem Kazemnejad-Tabrizi, Samira Ghasemi, Fatemeh Mehravar,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Atracurium, as one of the neuromuscular relaxants, is one of the most important irritants of the allergic reaction during anesthesia, which causes the release of histamine. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of hydrocortisone on hemodynamic changes resulting from atracurium drug in patients with upper limb fractures under general anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 50 patients with upper limb fractures under general anesthesia, 18 to 60 years old with ASA class 1 and 2, were randomly assigned to two groups of hydrocortisone and placebo (distilled water). In intervention group, 30 minutes before entering the operating room, vial oxycort (hydrocortisone) was administered intravenously and bolus with 300 ml of normal saline. Hemodynamic changes in patients before administration of hydrocortisone, 30 minute after administration, 5 minutes after the peak effect of atracurium (before intubation) and after extubation were recorded in the relevant checklist and comparisons were made between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender and duration of surgery. Systolic blood pressure 5 minutes after the peak effect of atracurium (before intubation) in the control group was lower than the intervention group and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.02). Thirteen minute after hydrocortisone administration, mean blood pressure systolic and diastolic patients decreased and this decrease continued after administration of histamine release atracurium (before intubation); but after extubation, the patients’ mean blood pressure has increased. Also, after administration of atracurium, the mean heart rate of patients decreased by 14.44 units as compared to before administration of hydrocortisone and this decrease was significant (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that hydrocortisone can be used as an effective factor in maintaining hemodynamic stability in patients under general anesthesia. However, its use as a factor in maintaining hemodynamics has not yet been widespread and needs further investigation.
Ali Reza Yavar, Zahra Batooli, Fatemeh Sheikhshoaei, Sara Ahmadizadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new information needs for people with diverse information literacy. Both infected and healthy people feel the need to have essential and practical information about this pandemic. One of the concerns of Covid-19 patients is their need for reliable and sufficient information about various aspects of the disease. Understanding the information needs of patients and the experiences of people who have been infected and recovered from the disease can be a suitable and reliable source of information. So the aim of this study was to identify the information needs of patients with Covid-19.
Materials and Methods: This research was employed a qualitative approach using conventional content analysis. Key informants were Covid-19 recovered patients in Kashan city who had a history of admission in medical centers. Sampling consisted 17 participants (11 males and 6 females) who were selected from almost different social classes through purposeful method. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview and the saturation point was reached at 17 interviews. Data were analyzed using the Diekelmann’s seven-stage method.
Results: The results of this study included 430 primary codes that after removing and merging duplicate codes, seven main themes and 30 categories were identified in the field of information needs were extracted. Main themes and categories included understanding the nature of the disease (the origin of the disease, knowledge about the symptoms, transmission and types of mutations), prevention (health protocols, prevention equipments, and vaccination), treatment (diagnostic tests, type of disease treatment, disease process, costs, psychological support), nutrition (the type of nutrition for prevention, during illness and after recovery), communication with others (type, length and conditions of quarantine, how to communicate with others), statistics, and information sources (up-to-date, valid, and types).
Conclusion: The most critical information needs of Covid-19 patients include information about the nature, treatment, and preventive measures of the disease. Social media and oral information such as doctors, friends, and acquaintances were also reported as the most important sources of information. Therefore, this study suggests that health managers provide the most up-to-date and reliable information and news related to Covid-19 through the most appropriate and accessible media.
