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Mahmood Keyvanara, Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh, Mohammad Alimoradnori,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The personnel's of the operating room due to many contacts with patients are exposed to stress, which ultimately leads to burnout. The aim of this study is determining the extent of burnout in the operating room staff in teaching hospitals affiliated medical university of Isfahan in 2016
Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytic study in Isfahan in 2016. The sample of study was 206 employees of operating room staff in Alzahra, Feyz, Kashani, Khorshid and Amin hospitals that they selected by simple method. Data was collected by “Demographic Data” and “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI) questionnaires. Maslach questionnaire has three dimensions: Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Data was analyzed using SPSS software/23 and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Anova , T-test and Multiple Linear Regression.
Results: The mean score of emotional exhaustion was (23.16±11.18), depersonalization (6.39±8.30) and the personality depersonalization respectively (63.27±13.86). There was a significant relationship between demographic variables and job burnout variable and its dimensions. There was no significant relationship between job burnout, emotional exhaustion and Personal accomplishment with demographic variables. But, there was a significant relationship between Depersonalization and demographic variables. The highest predictive for depersonalization was observed with education (MSC).
Conclusion: Burnout affects the efficiency and performance of staffs in the operating room. Therefore, managers must provide programs to reduce the level of burnout for providing quality services and reduce costs.
Materials & Methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytic study in Isfahan in 2016. The sample of study was 206 employees of operating room staff in Alzahra, Feyz, Kashani, Khorshid and Amin hospitals that they selected by simple method. Data was collected by “Demographic Data” and “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI) questionnaires. Maslach questionnaire has three dimensions: Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Data was analyzed using SPSS software/23 and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Anova , T-test and Multiple Linear Regression.
Results: The mean score of emotional exhaustion was (23.16±11.18), depersonalization (6.39±8.30) and the personality depersonalization respectively (63.27±13.86). There was a significant relationship between demographic variables and job burnout variable and its dimensions. There was no significant relationship between job burnout, emotional exhaustion and Personal accomplishment with demographic variables. But, there was a significant relationship between Depersonalization and demographic variables. The highest predictive for depersonalization was observed with education (MSC).
Conclusion: Burnout affects the efficiency and performance of staffs in the operating room. Therefore, managers must provide programs to reduce the level of burnout for providing quality services and reduce costs.
Mohamad Reza Shahraki, Nastaran Abbasi Hasanabadi,
Volume 12, Issue 6 (3-2019)
Volume 12, Issue 6 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the important dimensions of access to health services is uniform distribution. A survey on the distribution of health and treatment indices in different regions reveals inequalities in order to reduce inequalities. The study aims to rank the cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province from the perspective of access to healthcare services.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-applied and cross-sectional study. The data were collected from the database of Statistical Center of Iran. The studied indices were weighted by Shannon entropy method, and the ranking of cities was done by TOPSIS method. The distribution of health services among the cities was shown by Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficient. Also, with the coefficient of variation, the important indices for creating imbalances were determined.
Results: The results of TOPSIS method showed a significant difference between the levels of access to health services indices. Zabol and Zahedan cities ranked first and second, and the cities of Ghasreghand, Sibsuran and Fanuj were in the last rank, respectively. Among the factors that led to a level difference, the number of PhDs, laboratory sciences doctors and rehabilitation centers caused the greatest difference between the cities. The findings show that there is little correlation between demographic rank and access to healthcare services, and health services are not distributed equitably according to the population.
Conclusion: More attention to cities that are ranked below the level of access to healthcare resources is needed. More healthcare resources should be given to this province because there are few healthcare indices relative to its population.
Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan , Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad , Abbas Salarvand ,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hospital accreditation is an external evaluation strategy used to improve the quality and effectiveness of services. Accreditation surveyors are among the important factors affecting the validity of accreditation results. Since the effectiveness of an accreditation system depends on its surveyors, the aim of this study is to identify the evaluation criteria of hospital accreditation surveyors in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2017 based on stakeholders’ views about the hospital accreditation program. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis method. Then the framework was designed and finalized with expert opinion.
Results: Forty-four criteria identified for the evaluation of hospital accreditation surveyors in Iran were classified into six domains: personality, experience, knowledge, attitude, skills, and organizational citizenship behavior. Accreditation surveyors should have an acceptable combination of such criteria.
Conclusion: Evaluation of accreditation surveyors with these criteria will lead to their better performance and ultimately promote the validity of the accreditation results. These criteria also result in a native definition for “accreditation surveyor” that can be used by the directors of accreditation system of hospitals for the management of accreditation surveyors.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2017 based on stakeholders’ views about the hospital accreditation program. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by thematic analysis method. Then the framework was designed and finalized with expert opinion.
Results: Forty-four criteria identified for the evaluation of hospital accreditation surveyors in Iran were classified into six domains: personality, experience, knowledge, attitude, skills, and organizational citizenship behavior. Accreditation surveyors should have an acceptable combination of such criteria.
Conclusion: Evaluation of accreditation surveyors with these criteria will lead to their better performance and ultimately promote the validity of the accreditation results. These criteria also result in a native definition for “accreditation surveyor” that can be used by the directors of accreditation system of hospitals for the management of accreditation surveyors.
Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course and is an instructional approach that allows hundreds of thousands of students to access -- typically free of charge -- online courses anywhere around the world. The continuous and rapid growth of MOOCs has attracted the attention of educational community and has gained widespread popularity among many universities. Therefore, based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model, an applied research was conducted to study medical students' acceptance to use MOOCs.
Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive survey that has been done in 2019. The sample consisted of 367 randomly selected students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL 8.8 software.
Results: An important part of the results revealed that there was a positive meaningful relationship between "performance expectancy" and "behavioral intention", "effort expectancy" and "behavioral intention", "facilitating conditions" and "use of the system", and "behavioral intention" and "use of the system".
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MOOC managers' motivation to implement the system effectively strongly depends on the behavioral intention of users, especially students' willingness to accept and use the system.
Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive survey that has been done in 2019. The sample consisted of 367 randomly selected students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL 8.8 software.
Results: An important part of the results revealed that there was a positive meaningful relationship between "performance expectancy" and "behavioral intention", "effort expectancy" and "behavioral intention", "facilitating conditions" and "use of the system", and "behavioral intention" and "use of the system".
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, MOOC managers' motivation to implement the system effectively strongly depends on the behavioral intention of users, especially students' willingness to accept and use the system.
Ehsan Khalili, Naghmeh Janat Alipour, Reza Meshkani, Karamolah Tolabi, Solaleh Emamgholipour,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: A great interest for determining the particular mechanisms underlying lipogenesis and adipogenesis has been raised among researchers in order to fight obesity. We aimed to investigate the gene expression of FAS and its role in regulation of lipogenesis and adipogenesis in visceral adipose tissues from obese and normal-weight subjects.
materials and Methods: A total of.participants including 40 obese patients(BMI≥35 kg/m2 according to WHO criteria) and 20 healthy subjects(BMI=18.8-24.9 kg/m2 according to WHO criteria) were recruited from who were referred to Erfan, Loghman Hakim, Sina, and Imam Khomeini hospitals bypass or sleeve gastrectomy surgeries in obese ones and elective surgery in controls. Participants were all woman aged from 20-50 years and postmenopausal subjects were not included in this study. Isolated total RNA from adipose tissue was used to synthesize complementary DNA(cDNA) and quantitative real-time PCR was performed for analyzing the gene expression of FAS, and ACC. Data was normalized to geometric means of GAPDH and β-actin expression levels.
Results: in VAT from obese subjects, gene expression of FAS was higher than in those from controls. We found a positive correlation between genes expression of FAS and ACC with obesity indices.
Conclusion: It appears that obesity is associated with dysregulation of FAS genes involved in lipogenesis and adpogenesis.
materials and Methods: A total of.participants including 40 obese patients(BMI≥35 kg/m2 according to WHO criteria) and 20 healthy subjects(BMI=18.8-24.9 kg/m2 according to WHO criteria) were recruited from who were referred to Erfan, Loghman Hakim, Sina, and Imam Khomeini hospitals bypass or sleeve gastrectomy surgeries in obese ones and elective surgery in controls. Participants were all woman aged from 20-50 years and postmenopausal subjects were not included in this study. Isolated total RNA from adipose tissue was used to synthesize complementary DNA(cDNA) and quantitative real-time PCR was performed for analyzing the gene expression of FAS, and ACC. Data was normalized to geometric means of GAPDH and β-actin expression levels.
Results: in VAT from obese subjects, gene expression of FAS was higher than in those from controls. We found a positive correlation between genes expression of FAS and ACC with obesity indices.
Conclusion: It appears that obesity is associated with dysregulation of FAS genes involved in lipogenesis and adpogenesis.
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad, Fatemeh Ghazanfari,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Volume 14, Issue 4 (10-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hospital accreditation is “an external evaluation of a hospital’s structures, processes, outputs and outcomes by an independent professional accreditation body using pre-established optimum standards”. Accreditation is a strategy for ensuring the quality and, safety of hospital services. An accreditation program’s efficacy depends on the validity of its governance, methods, standards, and surveyors. The Iranian hospital accreditation program faces some challenges. This study aimed to identify the governance challenges of the Iranian hospital accreditation program and its solutions.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was performed using semi-structured interviews in 2019. Using a pluralistic evaluation approach, 151 policy makers, accreditation surveyors, hospital managers and staffs, and academics from the ministry of health, medical universities, hospitals and health insurance companies were purposively recuited and interviewed. Thematic analysis was used fordata analysis.
Results: Overall, 23 governance challenges were identified and were grouped into seven categories, i.e., organizational structure, organizational communication, policy making, planning, financing, stewardship and evalutation. Lack of independence, inappropriate organizational structure, resource shortage, senior managers’ mobility and turnover, weak internal and external communication, a compulsory accreditation program, insufficient knowledge of hospital accreditation, and lack of evaluation of the hospital accreditation were the main challenges. Establishing an accreditation council with four idependent scientific, accreditation, appeal and performance evaluation committes, piloting the accreditation program, proper planning, cascade education and training, allocating a specific budet for hospital accreditation, getting the ISQua accreditation certificate and public announcement of hospitals’ accreditation results were proposed as solutions to these challenges.
Conclusion: The governance of Iran's hospital accreditation program faces serious challenges. Improving the governance of the accreditation program leads to achieving the desired results.
Materials and Methods: This qualitative study was performed using semi-structured interviews in 2019. Using a pluralistic evaluation approach, 151 policy makers, accreditation surveyors, hospital managers and staffs, and academics from the ministry of health, medical universities, hospitals and health insurance companies were purposively recuited and interviewed. Thematic analysis was used fordata analysis.
Results: Overall, 23 governance challenges were identified and were grouped into seven categories, i.e., organizational structure, organizational communication, policy making, planning, financing, stewardship and evalutation. Lack of independence, inappropriate organizational structure, resource shortage, senior managers’ mobility and turnover, weak internal and external communication, a compulsory accreditation program, insufficient knowledge of hospital accreditation, and lack of evaluation of the hospital accreditation were the main challenges. Establishing an accreditation council with four idependent scientific, accreditation, appeal and performance evaluation committes, piloting the accreditation program, proper planning, cascade education and training, allocating a specific budet for hospital accreditation, getting the ISQua accreditation certificate and public announcement of hospitals’ accreditation results were proposed as solutions to these challenges.
Conclusion: The governance of Iran's hospital accreditation program faces serious challenges. Improving the governance of the accreditation program leads to achieving the desired results.
Dr. Afshin Hamdipour, Hashem Atapour, Fatemeh Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Volume 15, Issue 1 (3-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Road injuries are one of the most important public health problems and the leading cause of death and injury all over the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the trend of publication in the domain of road incidents and injuries and to visualize its scientific structure.
Materials and Methods: The present study is of scientometric type, its method is cross-sectional, and it was done during the period of 2005-2018. A total of 6563 records of road accidents and injuries were selected as the statistical population. The data collection tool was the Web of Science database and the HistCite software was used to visualize the scientific structure.
Results: The United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom ranked first to third with the production of 927, 700, and 651 documents, and the records of these three countries received 26373, 24447, and 23733 citations, respectively. Besides, the rank of road accidents and injuries for these countries were 89, 115, and 132, and the rate of casualties per 100,000 populations was equal to 10.6, 4.5, and 2.9. On the other hand, Libya, Thailand and Malawi (in South-Eastern Africa) are ranked first to third in the areas under study. The number of publications of these three countries was 5, 58 and 18, and their rank in document publications was 100, 34 and 65, respectively.
Conclusion: The relationship between rank in publications and rank in road accidents was negative and significant; countries with higher publications had a lower rank in road accidents and injuries. This indicates an inverse relationship between the number of publications and the number of road injuries; This means that as the number of publications in this field increases, the rank in injuries will improve. It seems that one of the factors that may be effective in reducing injuries and road accidents is the serious intervention of researchers to conduct research in this area in order to raising awareness and create a traffic culture for citizens.
Materials and Methods: The present study is of scientometric type, its method is cross-sectional, and it was done during the period of 2005-2018. A total of 6563 records of road accidents and injuries were selected as the statistical population. The data collection tool was the Web of Science database and the HistCite software was used to visualize the scientific structure.
Results: The United States, Australia, and the United Kingdom ranked first to third with the production of 927, 700, and 651 documents, and the records of these three countries received 26373, 24447, and 23733 citations, respectively. Besides, the rank of road accidents and injuries for these countries were 89, 115, and 132, and the rate of casualties per 100,000 populations was equal to 10.6, 4.5, and 2.9. On the other hand, Libya, Thailand and Malawi (in South-Eastern Africa) are ranked first to third in the areas under study. The number of publications of these three countries was 5, 58 and 18, and their rank in document publications was 100, 34 and 65, respectively.
Conclusion: The relationship between rank in publications and rank in road accidents was negative and significant; countries with higher publications had a lower rank in road accidents and injuries. This indicates an inverse relationship between the number of publications and the number of road injuries; This means that as the number of publications in this field increases, the rank in injuries will improve. It seems that one of the factors that may be effective in reducing injuries and road accidents is the serious intervention of researchers to conduct research in this area in order to raising awareness and create a traffic culture for citizens.
Ali Reza Soleimani, Mohammad Sharif Khoeiniha, Mitra Rahimzadeh, Mohammad Hossein Dehghan,
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Volume 15, Issue 6 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Proper knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women about vaccination during this period will have a significant impact on their and their baby’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women toward flu and Td vaccination.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study on 312 pregnant women referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj with an age range of 15 to 40 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The method of sampling was convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the women was 27.6±6.54 years. 198 (63.5%) of the subjects were housewives and 114 (36.5%) were employed. 248 (79.5%) and 282 (90.4%) of the subjects had appropriate attitudes and knowledge about vaccination with Td vaccines and Influenza, respectively. Also 293 (93.9%) and 137 (43.9%) of the subjects had practice well against both Td and Influenza vaccines. In women with higher education and better economic conditions, and in working women, the practice of both vaccines has become more suitable. As women get older, knowledge and practice about Td vaccination decreased.
Also, the most common source of information for pregnant women about the vaccination program were 73.4% of health care workers, 12.5% of the Internet, 10.3% of radio and television, 3.5% of friends and acquaintances, and 0.3% of family members, respectively. In the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice towards Influenza and Td vaccination, there was a direct and significant relationship between them so that with increasing or decreasing one, the other also increased or decreased. Most of the relationship between awareness and practice items was related to Influenza vaccine (r=0.304) and the lowest relationship between knowledge with practice items was related to Td vaccine (r=0.146).
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that with increasing awareness and attitude, vaccination has increased. Regarding Influenza vaccination, due to the significant relationship between the source of information and vaccination, it is recommended that more serious recommendations to be made by the health care staff to pregnant women regarding Influenza vaccination.
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study on 312 pregnant women referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Karaj with an age range of 15 to 40 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The method of sampling was convenience sampling. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of the women was 27.6±6.54 years. 198 (63.5%) of the subjects were housewives and 114 (36.5%) were employed. 248 (79.5%) and 282 (90.4%) of the subjects had appropriate attitudes and knowledge about vaccination with Td vaccines and Influenza, respectively. Also 293 (93.9%) and 137 (43.9%) of the subjects had practice well against both Td and Influenza vaccines. In women with higher education and better economic conditions, and in working women, the practice of both vaccines has become more suitable. As women get older, knowledge and practice about Td vaccination decreased.
Also, the most common source of information for pregnant women about the vaccination program were 73.4% of health care workers, 12.5% of the Internet, 10.3% of radio and television, 3.5% of friends and acquaintances, and 0.3% of family members, respectively. In the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice towards Influenza and Td vaccination, there was a direct and significant relationship between them so that with increasing or decreasing one, the other also increased or decreased. Most of the relationship between awareness and practice items was related to Influenza vaccine (r=0.304) and the lowest relationship between knowledge with practice items was related to Td vaccine (r=0.146).
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that with increasing awareness and attitude, vaccination has increased. Regarding Influenza vaccination, due to the significant relationship between the source of information and vaccination, it is recommended that more serious recommendations to be made by the health care staff to pregnant women regarding Influenza vaccination.
Sakineh Motayerzadeh, Rahim Tahmasebi, Behrooz Kavehie, Azita Noroozi,
Volume 16, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Vaccination is one of the most effective preventive measures to control of infectious diseases. To create effective interventions for the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine, it is important to identify the factors that affect the vaccine acceptance. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive power of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) for acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1455 people over 18 years old covered in health centers living in Bushehr province in cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, Tangestan, and Asaluyeh in 2021 were selected by convenience method. Data collection was online by using questionnaire included three sections comprised of demographic factors, questionnaire related to model constructs, and self-administered questionnaire related to acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using chi-square, two independent sample T-test and logistic regression; in SPSS software.
Results: Out of 1455 participants, 1067 persons (73.3%) had been vaccinated. The results showed that men (P=0.006), people with higher education (P=0.001), government employees (P=0.001), single people (P=0.01), people with history of specific disease (P=0.05), individuals with a history of Covid-19 positive test (P=0.001) and their family (P=0.03) were more than other vaccine recipients. Perceived severity, response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were predictors of vaccine acceptance. Predictive variables and constructs explained 43.8% of changes in vaccine acceptance. Among the participants in the study, 1366 (93.9%) were in the fear control process, in which the highest defense response has been avoided.
Conclusion: In order to increase the acceptance of the vaccine, the efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine and the severity of the complications of the disease should be emphasized. Therefore, public health campaigns aimed at increasing vaccine acceptance should provide a high level of transparency about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines to the community.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 1455 people over 18 years old covered in health centers living in Bushehr province in cities of Bushehr, Genaveh, Tangestan, and Asaluyeh in 2021 were selected by convenience method. Data collection was online by using questionnaire included three sections comprised of demographic factors, questionnaire related to model constructs, and self-administered questionnaire related to acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine. Data were analyzed using chi-square, two independent sample T-test and logistic regression; in SPSS software.
Results: Out of 1455 participants, 1067 persons (73.3%) had been vaccinated. The results showed that men (P=0.006), people with higher education (P=0.001), government employees (P=0.001), single people (P=0.01), people with history of specific disease (P=0.05), individuals with a history of Covid-19 positive test (P=0.001) and their family (P=0.03) were more than other vaccine recipients. Perceived severity, response efficacy and perceived self-efficacy were predictors of vaccine acceptance. Predictive variables and constructs explained 43.8% of changes in vaccine acceptance. Among the participants in the study, 1366 (93.9%) were in the fear control process, in which the highest defense response has been avoided.
Conclusion: In order to increase the acceptance of the vaccine, the efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine and the severity of the complications of the disease should be emphasized. Therefore, public health campaigns aimed at increasing vaccine acceptance should provide a high level of transparency about the safety and effectiveness of vaccines to the community.
Fahimeh Hasanzadeh, Ali Aghajanloo, Dr Mohammadreza Dinmohammadi,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The most recent threat to the global community is the ongoing outbreak of the disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Taking personal protection measures (PPM) is crucial to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the acceptance of PPM among patients before having COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in northwestern of Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 560 eligible patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected from January 6 to May 21, 2021, through a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed with descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation), independent t-test, and multiple linear regression by SPSS. A significance level of 5% was selected.
Results: The average age of the participants was 60.1 (16.01) years with an age range of 21 to 95 years. Most of the participants were male (53.9%) and married (91.8%). The mean score of PPM acceptance among patients was 16.55 (2.59) out of 20 points. Multiple linear regression analysis determined employment status (β=0.29, P<0.001), residency (β=-0.19, P<0.001), education level (β=0.11, P=0.048), smoking (β=-0.10, P=0.03) and income level (β=0.13, P=0.01), as predictors of acceptance of PPM. Other personal and occupational variables, including age, gender, marriage, living status, having children, and history of influenza vaccination, were not found to be effective in predicting the acceptance of personal protection measures among participating patients.
Conclusion: The acceptance of personal protection measures among patients was relatively high. Acceptance of the unemployed, rural residents, illiterate, smokers, and those with low-income level was low. This study emphasizes the need to pay attention to the changes in the individual, social and economic characteristics of the community and their effects on preventive health behaviors, especially in vulnerable groups.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 560 eligible patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected from January 6 to May 21, 2021, through a researcher-made questionnaire and were analyzed with descriptive statistics (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation), independent t-test, and multiple linear regression by SPSS. A significance level of 5% was selected.
Results: The average age of the participants was 60.1 (16.01) years with an age range of 21 to 95 years. Most of the participants were male (53.9%) and married (91.8%). The mean score of PPM acceptance among patients was 16.55 (2.59) out of 20 points. Multiple linear regression analysis determined employment status (β=0.29, P<0.001), residency (β=-0.19, P<0.001), education level (β=0.11, P=0.048), smoking (β=-0.10, P=0.03) and income level (β=0.13, P=0.01), as predictors of acceptance of PPM. Other personal and occupational variables, including age, gender, marriage, living status, having children, and history of influenza vaccination, were not found to be effective in predicting the acceptance of personal protection measures among participating patients.
Conclusion: The acceptance of personal protection measures among patients was relatively high. Acceptance of the unemployed, rural residents, illiterate, smokers, and those with low-income level was low. This study emphasizes the need to pay attention to the changes in the individual, social and economic characteristics of the community and their effects on preventive health behaviors, especially in vulnerable groups.
Seyyed Morteza Mojtabaeian, Fatemeh Monfared,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The participation of doctors and clinical leadership in organizational strategies to improve quality performance is a necessary precondition for providing safe and high-quality care, and since improving the quality of health care services and increasing the participation of doctors in accreditation is very necessary, the present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the obstacles of doctors' participation in the accreditation programs of Iranian hospitals with a qualitative approach.
Materials and Methods: In this study, using the snowball sampling method, interviews were conducted with 11 managers, 9 doctors and 8 officials and experts in the field of quality management (a total of 28 people) in the field of hospital accreditation. Interviewees were selected through purposive snowball sampling. To collect data, unstructured and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The obtained data were analyzed using the conceptual framework method in ATLAS.ti.
Results: The results of this research extracted 3 main issues including cultural, organizational and behavioral factors. Also, this research found 12 sub-themes and 57 items. Subtopics in the cultural area were motivation, patient demand, mutual trust, and evaluation system. The organizational field included seven sub-topics, including high workload, understanding the role of the quality management unit, unrealistic accreditation, the nature of accreditation, empowering doctors in the field of quality, effective communication, and limited resources. Subthemes in the behavioural dimension were role ambiguity and uncertainty about how to participate in the accreditation program. The most repeated challenges in the interviews were expressed in the field of effective communication and the least in the field of role ambiguity.
Conclusion: Physicians' participation in accreditation programs can be increased through culture building and proper training in accreditation activities in the medical community. By revising the categories of activities performed in the hospital by doctors and including a specific time to perform activities to improve quality and accreditation and create a balance between the quantity and quality of services provided in the hospital, it is possible to increase the participation of doctors in the accreditation program.
Materials and Methods: In this study, using the snowball sampling method, interviews were conducted with 11 managers, 9 doctors and 8 officials and experts in the field of quality management (a total of 28 people) in the field of hospital accreditation. Interviewees were selected through purposive snowball sampling. To collect data, unstructured and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The obtained data were analyzed using the conceptual framework method in ATLAS.ti.
Results: The results of this research extracted 3 main issues including cultural, organizational and behavioral factors. Also, this research found 12 sub-themes and 57 items. Subtopics in the cultural area were motivation, patient demand, mutual trust, and evaluation system. The organizational field included seven sub-topics, including high workload, understanding the role of the quality management unit, unrealistic accreditation, the nature of accreditation, empowering doctors in the field of quality, effective communication, and limited resources. Subthemes in the behavioural dimension were role ambiguity and uncertainty about how to participate in the accreditation program. The most repeated challenges in the interviews were expressed in the field of effective communication and the least in the field of role ambiguity.
Conclusion: Physicians' participation in accreditation programs can be increased through culture building and proper training in accreditation activities in the medical community. By revising the categories of activities performed in the hospital by doctors and including a specific time to perform activities to improve quality and accreditation and create a balance between the quantity and quality of services provided in the hospital, it is possible to increase the participation of doctors in the accreditation program.
Saeed Nazari, Simin Taj Sharififar, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Somayeh Azarmi, Yousuf Akbari Shahrestanaki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The field of pre-hospital rapid response teams is facing major challenges in the field of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents. Considering that the country of Iran is exposed to the occurrence of these incidents, the possibility of the danger of these incidents and threats cannot be ignored. This study was conducted with the aim of determining effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to CBRN accidents.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Aeen Mohammadi, Fatemeh Manafi, Farangis Shoghi Shafagh Aria, Rita Mojtahedzadeh,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Social accountability is defined as identifying social problems and needs, planning for resolving them and evaluating the effect of the plans. Considering the vital role in providing public health, the universities of medical sciences are the most important ones for fulfilling this mission and directing their education, research and service activities toward addressing health concerns of the community. Despite of these attempts, social accountability has not realized completely and satisfying yet. The aim of this study was exploring factors affecting social accountability and community-based medical education in universities of medical sciences from Iran’s educational development authorities’ view point.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative study performed by Education Development Center of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in November 2022. Participants were 68 managers of Education Development Centers and 323 managers of Education Development Offices of schools and hospitals of universities of medical sciences in Iran. Participants were assigned to 8 focus groups. Conventional content analysis was used to extract the categories and subcategories.
Results: At the first step 541 codes were extracted which were integrated in to 86 ones after defining similarities. These codes then were categorized into 18 sub-categories and 6 categories, namely “Curriculum” including: curriculum revision, approaches, credits and longitudinal themes and new disciplines, “Community-based education” including: educational fields and creating the foundation, “Students” including: students as teacher, educating students and graduates, “Faculty members” including: faculty members’ services, motivation and compensation and administration, “Evaluation” including: student assessment and program evaluation, and “Management” including: management and leadership, organizations, Interdepartmental communication and research.
Conclusion: In this study a comprehensive collection of factors affecting SA in universities of medical sciences were identified and categorized. These factors that are compatible with medical education context in Iran can be used by top managers and educational administrators as a framework for short and long-term planning.
Rasul Bidel Nikoo, Shila Hasanzadeh, Mohamad Jebraeily, Naser Masoudi, Bahlol Rahimi, Farshad Faghisolouk,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Volume 17, Issue 6 (2-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Traffic accidents in Iran are one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity, identifying the factors related to these accidents can be useful in the prevention and proper management of traffic accidents. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of trauma caused by traffic accidents in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia during 2017-2022.
Materials and Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on patients hospitalized due to traffic accidents in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia for five years. The required data included demographic characteristics and information of the injured (role of the injured, time of the accident, location of the accident, type of vehicle, damaged area, and condition of the injured during discharge), which was extracted from the trauma registration system of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 16 software and described through frequency distribution table and central and dispersion indices
Results: In this study, out of 2086 injured cases, 74.40% (1552 people) were male. The average age of the injured was 34.49 ± 18.47 years. The type of accidental vehicle of most of the injured was motorcycle with 56.70% (998 cases). The most injured were drivers with 52.73% (1100 cases) and among them 57.45% (632 people) were motorcycle riders. 34.08% (711 cases) of injuries to body parts were in the head, neck and face.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that most of the injured in traffic accidents are young motorcycle drivers and the most injuries were related to the head and neck area. Therefore, by knowing the risk factors and the impact of each of them on the outcome of traffic accidents, it is necessary to carry out appropriate interventions to prevent the risky behaviors of young drivers and create a culture of observing safety tips. Also, in the health system, the necessary preparations in terms of manpower and medical equipment should be made to manage the treatment of injuries caused by traffic accidents.
Materials and Methods: The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted on patients hospitalized due to traffic accidents in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia for five years. The required data included demographic characteristics and information of the injured (role of the injured, time of the accident, location of the accident, type of vehicle, damaged area, and condition of the injured during discharge), which was extracted from the trauma registration system of Urmia University of Medical Sciences. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 16 software and described through frequency distribution table and central and dispersion indices
Results: In this study, out of 2086 injured cases, 74.40% (1552 people) were male. The average age of the injured was 34.49 ± 18.47 years. The type of accidental vehicle of most of the injured was motorcycle with 56.70% (998 cases). The most injured were drivers with 52.73% (1100 cases) and among them 57.45% (632 people) were motorcycle riders. 34.08% (711 cases) of injuries to body parts were in the head, neck and face.
Conclusion: The results of this research showed that most of the injured in traffic accidents are young motorcycle drivers and the most injuries were related to the head and neck area. Therefore, by knowing the risk factors and the impact of each of them on the outcome of traffic accidents, it is necessary to carry out appropriate interventions to prevent the risky behaviors of young drivers and create a culture of observing safety tips. Also, in the health system, the necessary preparations in terms of manpower and medical equipment should be made to manage the treatment of injuries caused by traffic accidents.
Najmeh Nazeri, Ali Shabani, Alireza Noruzi, Mostafa Hossini Golkar,
Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2025)
Volume 18, Issue 6 (2-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the pillars of scientific authority is the creation of a process for accessing information, referencing, and applying knowledge. The presence of strong information centers is considered a requirement for supporting this authority. Given the uncertainties of the future, there are various scenarios for accessing information in Iran, each of which requires appropriate measures for the effective application of knowledge. This research aims to understand the needs and requirements of the country’s information sector to achieve scientific authority.
Materials and Methods: Using futures studies methodologies and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the indicators of information centers were first identified. Then, based on expert opinions, measures to achieve scientific authority were determined. The expert panel was purposefully selected from specialists with at least 10 years of experience in relevant fields. Validation of the scenarios and consensus-building were accomplished using an expert panel and focus group.
Results: A conceptual model was identified, comprising five components and 26 factors, which were prioritized based on 10 key drivers. Two critical uncertainties-access and information management, as well as the completion of the information cycle, led to the development of three scenarios: traditional, monopolistic, and democratic. Furthermore, indicators related to scientific authority were estimated based on expert opinions for a ten-year horizon within each scenario. The findings indicated that there was less differentiation among scenarios in the indicators of knowledge exchange and transfer, whereas greater differentiation was observed in the indicators of translation, outsourcing, and knowledge utilization. This highlights the necessity of directing effectiveness toward utility. These changes in the layers of processes and value creation in scientific authority could be traced.
Conclusion: According to the experts’ assessment of the indicators, in the knowledge exploitation stage of the traditional and exclusive scenarios, access to information in the components of knowledge exchange and transfer will not be adequately established. Therefore, to implement knowledge application, the presence of processes for support, promote, and facilitate scientific interaction will play a significant role in establishing scientific authority. Although the dominance of the view of knowledge as power and information as a source of power is expected to continue in the medium term, achieving scientific authority requires a transition to perspectives that offer greater support and provide a better platform for the formation of the information cycle and its broader distribution.
Materials and Methods: Using futures studies methodologies and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, the indicators of information centers were first identified. Then, based on expert opinions, measures to achieve scientific authority were determined. The expert panel was purposefully selected from specialists with at least 10 years of experience in relevant fields. Validation of the scenarios and consensus-building were accomplished using an expert panel and focus group.
Results: A conceptual model was identified, comprising five components and 26 factors, which were prioritized based on 10 key drivers. Two critical uncertainties-access and information management, as well as the completion of the information cycle, led to the development of three scenarios: traditional, monopolistic, and democratic. Furthermore, indicators related to scientific authority were estimated based on expert opinions for a ten-year horizon within each scenario. The findings indicated that there was less differentiation among scenarios in the indicators of knowledge exchange and transfer, whereas greater differentiation was observed in the indicators of translation, outsourcing, and knowledge utilization. This highlights the necessity of directing effectiveness toward utility. These changes in the layers of processes and value creation in scientific authority could be traced.
Conclusion: According to the experts’ assessment of the indicators, in the knowledge exploitation stage of the traditional and exclusive scenarios, access to information in the components of knowledge exchange and transfer will not be adequately established. Therefore, to implement knowledge application, the presence of processes for support, promote, and facilitate scientific interaction will play a significant role in establishing scientific authority. Although the dominance of the view of knowledge as power and information as a source of power is expected to continue in the medium term, achieving scientific authority requires a transition to perspectives that offer greater support and provide a better platform for the formation of the information cycle and its broader distribution.
Alireza Seyfi Ardali, Yoones Shahbazi, Mohammad Javad Katani, Mehrdad Azarbarzin,
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 3 (9-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the effective types of psychotherapy in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders, depression and improving mental health. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the mental health of patients with a history of myocardial infarction hospitalized in hospitals in Kermanshah province in 2024.
Materials and Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method, it is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction in hospitals in Kermanshah province, from whom 45 people were selected conveniently and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (three groups of 15 people). To collect the information required for the study, the Goldberg (2003) Demographic and Mental Health Questionnaire was used. SPSS statistical software and t-test and ANOVA statistical tests were used to analyze the research data.
Results: Out of a total of 45 participants, 29 were male (65.4%) and 16 were female (34.6%). The comparison of their mean mental health scores before the intervention in the pre-test and post-test was (64.8±11.18, 63.33±11.34), (62.6±12.22, 58.07±12.94) and (64.87±10.56, 61.87±10.59), respectively. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance test for comparing mental health in the acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy groups showed that the F value obtained was 7.111 and its significance level was also smaller than 0.05 and was significant (P<0.05). As a result, both text-based acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had a positive effect on the mental health of patients with a history of heart attack, and among them, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was higher.
Conclusion: Considering the lower mean scores of the ACT-based therapy group in the post-test, it can be concluded that it was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing mental health.
Materials and Methods: The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation method, it is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all patients hospitalized with myocardial infarction in hospitals in Kermanshah province, from whom 45 people were selected conveniently and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (three groups of 15 people). To collect the information required for the study, the Goldberg (2003) Demographic and Mental Health Questionnaire was used. SPSS statistical software and t-test and ANOVA statistical tests were used to analyze the research data.
Results: Out of a total of 45 participants, 29 were male (65.4%) and 16 were female (34.6%). The comparison of their mean mental health scores before the intervention in the pre-test and post-test was (64.8±11.18, 63.33±11.34), (62.6±12.22, 58.07±12.94) and (64.87±10.56, 61.87±10.59), respectively. Also, the results of the analysis of covariance test for comparing mental health in the acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy groups showed that the F value obtained was 7.111 and its significance level was also smaller than 0.05 and was significant (P<0.05). As a result, both text-based acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy had a positive effect on the mental health of patients with a history of heart attack, and among them, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy was higher.
Conclusion: Considering the lower mean scores of the ACT-based therapy group in the post-test, it can be concluded that it was more effective than cognitive behavioral therapy in increasing mental health.
Pezhman Sadeghi, Nader Jahanmehr, Reza Rabiei,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Information systems serve different purposes in organizational and management hierarchies. The hospital intelligent management system is an analytical and decision-support management information system that provides information and important performance indicators for managers in hospitals. Considering the role of this system in increasing the efficiency and effectiveness and the lack of academic hospitals having the desired level of productivity, this research was conducted to investigate the effective factors in improving the acceptance of the intelligent hospital management system in the hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU).
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational research was conducted in 19 hospitals (12 teaching hospitals and 7 non-teaching hospitals) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2022. In this study, 126 senior and middle managers and experts of the productivity committee participated. The data of this study were collected Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT) Questionnaire and for statistical analysis, SPSS software (statistical table and linear and multiple regression tests, sequencing, and chi-square) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using the opinion of research experts and its reliability was also determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.824).
Results: Most of the participants in the study were from teaching hospitals (63.2%) and were middle managers (50.8%). Behavioral intentions were identified as the most important factors in the use of system by senior and middle managers and experts of productivity committee (P<0.001). The effort expectancy had the greatest impact on the intention to use the system as compared to the expected components of Performance expectancy and social influence. Also, training and having educational programs on how to use the HIM and its applications can increase the intention and use of the HIM by employees (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the effect of the moderating variables in this study was insignificant. If senior managers and influential people encourage working with the system, and employees also make more effort to learn the system, and working with the system meets their expectations, employees will be willing to use the system. In other words, employees use the system when they believe that this system is user-friendly, valuable, and useful for them.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive and correlational research was conducted in 19 hospitals (12 teaching hospitals and 7 non-teaching hospitals) of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2022. In this study, 126 senior and middle managers and experts of the productivity committee participated. The data of this study were collected Using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology(UTAUT) Questionnaire and for statistical analysis, SPSS software (statistical table and linear and multiple regression tests, sequencing, and chi-square) was used. The validity of the questionnaire was determined using the opinion of research experts and its reliability was also determined using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.824).
Results: Most of the participants in the study were from teaching hospitals (63.2%) and were middle managers (50.8%). Behavioral intentions were identified as the most important factors in the use of system by senior and middle managers and experts of productivity committee (P<0.001). The effort expectancy had the greatest impact on the intention to use the system as compared to the expected components of Performance expectancy and social influence. Also, training and having educational programs on how to use the HIM and its applications can increase the intention and use of the HIM by employees (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Based on the results, the effect of the moderating variables in this study was insignificant. If senior managers and influential people encourage working with the system, and employees also make more effort to learn the system, and working with the system meets their expectations, employees will be willing to use the system. In other words, employees use the system when they believe that this system is user-friendly, valuable, and useful for them.
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