Search published articles
Showing 712 results for Type of Study: Original Research
Ali Maleki, Marivan Noori, Rezvan Zomorodi, Fakhredin Saba,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Ami: Identifying the genotype of blood groups in different communities will give the decision makers of the health system to take the necessary measures to prevent and identify the possible side effects of blood transfusion, including the production of alloantibodies. Duffy blood group has increased the possibility of alloantibody production in beta-thalassemia major patients who regularly need blood transfusion due to different types of genotype with different prevalence. However, no study has been conducted regarding the frequency of Duffy blood group distribution in beta-thalassemia Kurd patients dependent on blood transfusion.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with beta thalassemia major, as case group and 50 healthy individuals, as control group, in Bostan Clinic, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. After collecting peripheral blood samples from people participating in the study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Then, using PCR-RFLP and electrophoresis, Duffy genotypes including FYA/A, FYB/B and FYA/B were identified.
Results: The results of Chi-square test showed that in the patient group, there is no statistically significant difference between the two genders in terms of the frequency of distribution of Duffy genotypes (P=0.588). On the other hand, in the healthy group too, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sexes in terms of the frequency of distribution of Duffy genotypes (P=0.707). According to nominal regression results, although the distribution ratio rate (95% confidence interval) of FYA/FYA and FYB/FYB genotypes as compared to FYA/FYB genotype (reference category) in the patient group as compared to healthy people was 2.42 (0.7 to 8.34) and 0.76 (0.36 to 1.64) respectively, but there was no statistically significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of the distribution frequency of these genotypes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The frequency distribution of Duffy genotypes in beta-thalassemia major patients is similar to that of healthy people, and there is no relationship between the distribution of Duffy genotypes and beta-thalassemia disease. FYB genotype has the highest frequency in both case and control groups
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 patients with beta thalassemia major, as case group and 50 healthy individuals, as control group, in Bostan Clinic, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. After collecting peripheral blood samples from people participating in the study, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Then, using PCR-RFLP and electrophoresis, Duffy genotypes including FYA/A, FYB/B and FYA/B were identified.
Results: The results of Chi-square test showed that in the patient group, there is no statistically significant difference between the two genders in terms of the frequency of distribution of Duffy genotypes (P=0.588). On the other hand, in the healthy group too, there was no statistically significant difference between the two sexes in terms of the frequency of distribution of Duffy genotypes (P=0.707). According to nominal regression results, although the distribution ratio rate (95% confidence interval) of FYA/FYA and FYB/FYB genotypes as compared to FYA/FYB genotype (reference category) in the patient group as compared to healthy people was 2.42 (0.7 to 8.34) and 0.76 (0.36 to 1.64) respectively, but there was no statistically significant difference between the case and control groups in terms of the distribution frequency of these genotypes (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The frequency distribution of Duffy genotypes in beta-thalassemia major patients is similar to that of healthy people, and there is no relationship between the distribution of Duffy genotypes and beta-thalassemia disease. FYB genotype has the highest frequency in both case and control groups
Rajabali Daroudi, Mahmoud Zamandi,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The role of accurate information in decision-making and programs implementation has highlighted the need to design an appropriate costing system. The present study aimed to estimate the cost of student Training in the Department of Health Management and Economics at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences using activity-based costing.
Materials and Methods: This research was an applied, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. In this study, all information was collected through interviews with seven officials, financial and administrative staff, and also by using available documents in the faculty. To analyze the costs, the administrative and educational sections were classified into three levels including overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and, using appropriate bases and Microsoft Excel 2013 software, costs of overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and finally, the total cost of each student was calculated.
Results: In this study, the total cost of education for each Ph.D. and master’s student in the department of health management and economics was estimated as 1.95 billion and 376 million IR Rials, respectively. So that the cost of each year of Ph.D. and master’s student education was 433 and 150 million IR Rials, respectively. Out of the total costs of the Department of Health Management and Economics, only 22% of the costs were related to overhead and middle activity centers, and 78% of the costs were exclusive to the final activity center, and the majority of these costs (97%) were related to the personnel, especially the faculty members.
Conclusion: The cost of training Ph.D. students due to the high coefficient of the degree and thus increasing the importance (cost share) of the field, receiving a scholarship from the Ministry of Health and a longer period of study, was estimated to be about 5 times that of a master’s degree. The Ministry of Health and universities can design and implement targeted research programs with the help of faculty members and graduate students, especially Ph.D. students, to solve problems and improve the health of the community, thus improving resource efficiency and productivity.
Materials and Methods: This research was an applied, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. In this study, all information was collected through interviews with seven officials, financial and administrative staff, and also by using available documents in the faculty. To analyze the costs, the administrative and educational sections were classified into three levels including overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and, using appropriate bases and Microsoft Excel 2013 software, costs of overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and finally, the total cost of each student was calculated.
Results: In this study, the total cost of education for each Ph.D. and master’s student in the department of health management and economics was estimated as 1.95 billion and 376 million IR Rials, respectively. So that the cost of each year of Ph.D. and master’s student education was 433 and 150 million IR Rials, respectively. Out of the total costs of the Department of Health Management and Economics, only 22% of the costs were related to overhead and middle activity centers, and 78% of the costs were exclusive to the final activity center, and the majority of these costs (97%) were related to the personnel, especially the faculty members.
Conclusion: The cost of training Ph.D. students due to the high coefficient of the degree and thus increasing the importance (cost share) of the field, receiving a scholarship from the Ministry of Health and a longer period of study, was estimated to be about 5 times that of a master’s degree. The Ministry of Health and universities can design and implement targeted research programs with the help of faculty members and graduate students, especially Ph.D. students, to solve problems and improve the health of the community, thus improving resource efficiency and productivity.
Mehryar Taghavi Gilani, Majid Razavi, Alireza Bameshki, Arash Peivandi Yazdi,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Treatment of acute postoperative pain is one of the most important measures to improve recovery. Different methods of local and regional anesthesia, and also numerous intravenous drugs have been used. In this study, the analgesic effect ketorolac, paracetamol and pethidine in the postoperative pain control of outpatient transurethral lithotripsy was evaluated.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 96 patients who were candidates for outpatient transurethral lithotripsy in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital. In randomized double blinded study, at the end of the operation, 30 mg of intravenous ketorolac to the first group, 1 gram paracetamol in half an hour to the second group and 50 mg of pethidine to the third group were injected. Pain was assessed every 10 minutes to half an hour and then, every half an hour to 4 hours by numerical rating scale (NRS). Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS v16 software. The relationship between quantitative variables was analyzed by analysis of variance and the qualitative variables was assessed by Chi-square test and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: There was no significant difference between three groups in demographic information. The pain intensity in the first 10 minutes after surgery was the same between the groups (P=0.372), but the pain intensity at 20, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery was significantly different in the three groups (P.values 0.005, 006, and 0.001 respectively), and was lower in the pethidine group. In other hours after surgery, no significant difference in pain control was observed between the three groups. The need for additional analgesia was higher in the paracetamol group than in the other two groups (P=0.025) in the first hour. Hemodynamic changes and surgical complications such as nausea and vomiting were the same in both groups.
Conclusion: The present study showed that pethidine causes better pain relief than ketorolac and paracetamol in the first hour after surgery, but after 60 minutes there is no significant difference between these three groups.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 96 patients who were candidates for outpatient transurethral lithotripsy in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital. In randomized double blinded study, at the end of the operation, 30 mg of intravenous ketorolac to the first group, 1 gram paracetamol in half an hour to the second group and 50 mg of pethidine to the third group were injected. Pain was assessed every 10 minutes to half an hour and then, every half an hour to 4 hours by numerical rating scale (NRS). Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS v16 software. The relationship between quantitative variables was analyzed by analysis of variance and the qualitative variables was assessed by Chi-square test and P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: There was no significant difference between three groups in demographic information. The pain intensity in the first 10 minutes after surgery was the same between the groups (P=0.372), but the pain intensity at 20, 30 and 60 minutes after surgery was significantly different in the three groups (P.values 0.005, 006, and 0.001 respectively), and was lower in the pethidine group. In other hours after surgery, no significant difference in pain control was observed between the three groups. The need for additional analgesia was higher in the paracetamol group than in the other two groups (P=0.025) in the first hour. Hemodynamic changes and surgical complications such as nausea and vomiting were the same in both groups.
Conclusion: The present study showed that pethidine causes better pain relief than ketorolac and paracetamol in the first hour after surgery, but after 60 minutes there is no significant difference between these three groups.
Fatemeh Bahador, Azam Sabahi, Somayeh Paydar, Fatemeh Zangooei Seno,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today along with information technology development, telemedicine technology has expanded dramatically. Sinse telemedicine technology relies on data transmission, it is essential to pay attention to issues such as network security, confidentiality, and privacy of patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the importance of information security requirements in telemedicine networks based on managers and employees of the information technology unit of the University and teaching hospitals of Birjand city
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021. The research population was The managers and employees of the information technology unit of the university and teaching hospitals of Birjand city (40 people), who were surveyed by the census. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed its validity by faculty members and experts, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that the security requirement related to information transportation is more important than other requirements. Also in the field of human resources, providing detailed documentation and training guides for users of the systems was with an average of (4.47). In the medical diagnosis equipment field, telemedicine network systems are equipped with emergency power was with an average of (4.72). In the storage and access to information context, installing antiviruses and anti-malware on all systems was with an average of (4.75), and also in the field of information transfer, encryption of important and sensitive files and information was with an average of (4.69) were the most important security needs.
Conclusions: As the results showed, security requirements related to information transfer have more importance than other requirements; Initially, information security can be guaranteed by creating security policies, updating and monitoring their implementation, as well as training employees. However, in order to transfer sensitive medical information, encryption and qualification verification methods, secure information transfer protocols, virtual and private networks (VPN) and other new technologies can be used in this field. Of course, necessary preparations should be made to create appropriate technical infrastructure for the implementation of security policies in information transmission.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2021. The research population was The managers and employees of the information technology unit of the university and teaching hospitals of Birjand city (40 people), who were surveyed by the census. The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that confirmed its validity by faculty members and experts, and its reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha (0.83). After collecting the data, they were entered into the SPSS software and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that the security requirement related to information transportation is more important than other requirements. Also in the field of human resources, providing detailed documentation and training guides for users of the systems was with an average of (4.47). In the medical diagnosis equipment field, telemedicine network systems are equipped with emergency power was with an average of (4.72). In the storage and access to information context, installing antiviruses and anti-malware on all systems was with an average of (4.75), and also in the field of information transfer, encryption of important and sensitive files and information was with an average of (4.69) were the most important security needs.
Conclusions: As the results showed, security requirements related to information transfer have more importance than other requirements; Initially, information security can be guaranteed by creating security policies, updating and monitoring their implementation, as well as training employees. However, in order to transfer sensitive medical information, encryption and qualification verification methods, secure information transfer protocols, virtual and private networks (VPN) and other new technologies can be used in this field. Of course, necessary preparations should be made to create appropriate technical infrastructure for the implementation of security policies in information transmission.
Mohammad Javad Kabir, Alireza Heidari, Nahid Jafari, Honarvar Mohammad Reza, Sajad Moeini, Zahra Khatirnamani,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Many health policies are not implemented or incompletely implemented after approval. This issue significantly reduces the popularity and responsiveness of the top managers of the health system and leads to service disruption in the target community. Therefore, this study was conducted to explain the existing challenges in the implementation of health policies.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2021. The participants in the study were 20 scientific and executive experts. The data was collected using an interview guide and the in-depth individual interview method and was analyzed using the content analysis method using thematic analysis with Graneheim and Lundman's approach.
Results: The challenges include the policies formulation (lack of evidence-informed decision-making, lack of attention to the details of the implementation, the change of the initial text of the policy, conflict of interests, unclarity the executives, the lack of proper integration between the political and technical components of the policies, the weak participation of the main stakeholders, the lack of the same understanding of policies concept between policy makers and executives and lack of budget forecasting), challenges of policies implementation (uncertainty about roles of executive organizations, lack of executive attachment, conflict of interest, lack of project management, change of formulated policies with change of executives, little belief among executives, lack of executive guarantee, lack of operational plan) and challenges of policies evaluation (Inadequate supervision and the absence of an informational and supervisory dashboard).
Conclusion: Using effective solutions to solve the challenges extracted in the stages of formulation, implementation and evaluation of health policies can lead to achieving the goals of the formulated policies and improving the health of the society.
Materials and Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in 2021. The participants in the study were 20 scientific and executive experts. The data was collected using an interview guide and the in-depth individual interview method and was analyzed using the content analysis method using thematic analysis with Graneheim and Lundman's approach.
Results: The challenges include the policies formulation (lack of evidence-informed decision-making, lack of attention to the details of the implementation, the change of the initial text of the policy, conflict of interests, unclarity the executives, the lack of proper integration between the political and technical components of the policies, the weak participation of the main stakeholders, the lack of the same understanding of policies concept between policy makers and executives and lack of budget forecasting), challenges of policies implementation (uncertainty about roles of executive organizations, lack of executive attachment, conflict of interest, lack of project management, change of formulated policies with change of executives, little belief among executives, lack of executive guarantee, lack of operational plan) and challenges of policies evaluation (Inadequate supervision and the absence of an informational and supervisory dashboard).
Conclusion: Using effective solutions to solve the challenges extracted in the stages of formulation, implementation and evaluation of health policies can lead to achieving the goals of the formulated policies and improving the health of the society.
Rahil Nahari, Saeed Hashemzadeh, Ehsan Zarei,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Medical tourism refers to travel for receiving health services abroad. The COVID-19 crisis affected a wide range of tourism-related businesses, including medical tourism, and caused a decrease in the supply and demand of health services in this market. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Medical Tourism in Iran.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2021. The data used in this study were extracted from the information system of the Ministry of Health from 2018 to 2021, which includes the number, origin, and destination of medical tourists, per capita revenue, and monthly revenue two years before and one and a half years after the COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, t-tests of independent groups and interrupted time series regression were used in SPSS and EViews 10 software.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a 42% decrease in the average monthly number of medical tourists, a 45% decrease in the monthly revenue, and a 10% decrease in the per capita income per tourist (P<0.05). The arrival of medical tourists from the Republic of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, and Oman has decreased by more than 80%, and the largest decrease in the number of tourists has been related to Ahvaz, Urmia, Tabriz, and Shiraz. In all diagnostic groups except obstetrics and gynecology, there has been a decrease between 50 to 70% The declining trend of medical tourism indicators was stopped in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued as a constant trend.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 crisis has hurt the number of international patients and their revenue in Iran. Relative success in controlling COVID-19 can return to a pre-pandemic situation that requires appropriate policies and administrative measures by government and industry players, such as policies to facilitate patient entry, marketing measures, branding and creating a positive image of the country to potential clients, use of telemedicine facilities for consultations and follow-up, etc.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran in 2021. The data used in this study were extracted from the information system of the Ministry of Health from 2018 to 2021, which includes the number, origin, and destination of medical tourists, per capita revenue, and monthly revenue two years before and one and a half years after the COVID-19 pandemic. For data analysis, t-tests of independent groups and interrupted time series regression were used in SPSS and EViews 10 software.
Results: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a 42% decrease in the average monthly number of medical tourists, a 45% decrease in the monthly revenue, and a 10% decrease in the per capita income per tourist (P<0.05). The arrival of medical tourists from the Republic of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, and Oman has decreased by more than 80%, and the largest decrease in the number of tourists has been related to Ahvaz, Urmia, Tabriz, and Shiraz. In all diagnostic groups except obstetrics and gynecology, there has been a decrease between 50 to 70% The declining trend of medical tourism indicators was stopped in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and has continued as a constant trend.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 crisis has hurt the number of international patients and their revenue in Iran. Relative success in controlling COVID-19 can return to a pre-pandemic situation that requires appropriate policies and administrative measures by government and industry players, such as policies to facilitate patient entry, marketing measures, branding and creating a positive image of the country to potential clients, use of telemedicine facilities for consultations and follow-up, etc.
Arash Farvahari, Mina Danaei, Ali Sheibani Tezerji, Mohsen Momeni,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nowadays, due to people using antibiotics without prescription, the resistance of the bodies to antibiotics has been a major health issue in the world. This study aimed to investigate the consumption of antibiotics without prescription among the people that go to the health care centers of Kerman.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from April to September 2019, cross-sectionally on 331 people who were referred to the health care centers of Kerman city by the available sampling method. In this research, a valid questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was analyzed with SPSS statistical software, using t-test and chi-square statistical tests.
Results: The average age of the referred people in this study was 38.6±10.76 years, 135 (40.4%) were males and 194 (60.6%) were females. More than two-thirds of people had a higher education than deploma degrees. The self-medication prevalence with antibiotics was 32.9%. The most common cause of self-inflicted use of antibiotics is unwillingness to pay (34.4%), the most common types of antibiotics used are amoxicillin (25%) and azithromycin (24%), and the most common form of medicine used is pills (55.5%). Respiratory infections were also the most common cause of self-inflicted use of antibiotics (42.2%). Pharmacies were the most common source of information about how to use antibiotics (53.9%). Also, self-medication with antibiotics in married people (P=0.015). people with self employed jobs (P=0.031) and people without medical insurance (P<0.001) were significantly more than the other studied group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed self-medication with antibiotics is highly prevalent in Kerman city, and policy makers should take interventions to increase people’s awareness of the risks and side effects of self-inflicted use of antibiotics, as well as drug resistance created as a result, in order to reduce the self-inflicted use of these drugs.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted from April to September 2019, cross-sectionally on 331 people who were referred to the health care centers of Kerman city by the available sampling method. In this research, a valid questionnaire was used to collect information. Data was analyzed with SPSS statistical software, using t-test and chi-square statistical tests.
Results: The average age of the referred people in this study was 38.6±10.76 years, 135 (40.4%) were males and 194 (60.6%) were females. More than two-thirds of people had a higher education than deploma degrees. The self-medication prevalence with antibiotics was 32.9%. The most common cause of self-inflicted use of antibiotics is unwillingness to pay (34.4%), the most common types of antibiotics used are amoxicillin (25%) and azithromycin (24%), and the most common form of medicine used is pills (55.5%). Respiratory infections were also the most common cause of self-inflicted use of antibiotics (42.2%). Pharmacies were the most common source of information about how to use antibiotics (53.9%). Also, self-medication with antibiotics in married people (P=0.015). people with self employed jobs (P=0.031) and people without medical insurance (P<0.001) were significantly more than the other studied group.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed self-medication with antibiotics is highly prevalent in Kerman city, and policy makers should take interventions to increase people’s awareness of the risks and side effects of self-inflicted use of antibiotics, as well as drug resistance created as a result, in order to reduce the self-inflicted use of these drugs.
Ashraf Dehghani, Maryam Ghanbari Khoshnood, Somayeh Amini Sarteshnizi, Arezoo Farhadi,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The emergence and continuity of Corona has forced universities and higher education centers to change their educational strategy to take appropriate and consistent action to improve their educational programs. Due to the importance of e-learning and e-learning in response to these conditions, the present study investigated the experience of students of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences from e-learning in the Covid-19 crisis condition.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The purposeful sampling method was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the thirteenth interview, the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved and the interview process with the sixteenth person was completed. In order to analyze the text of the interviews, the Colaizzi method was used.
Results: From the analysis of the obtained data, three main themes: “Communication and interaction” with five sub-themes (lack of proper interaction between student/professor and student/student, lack of motivation, security and mental health, knowledge sharing and efficiency atmosphere in time and cost), “Management of time and learning style” with six sub-themes (low quality of teaching, stress, access and provision of resources, exam health, gaining experience and skills and opportunity to learn again and innovation in education) and “Infrastructure and technical facilities” were extracted with three sub-themes (weak support, ignoring educational equality and promoting media literacy). Weak interaction between professor and student, increasing level of anxiety and individual responsibility to achieve success in learning and weak technical and management infrastructure were the main challenges obtained from these three themes. Providing a platform for research, self-regulation and self-management in learning, increasing the knowledge and skills of information and communication technology are among the opportunities that are included in these themes.
Conclusion: The results of the current research require attention to the approach of interaction and communication between the learner and the learner, to review the methods of teaching and skill-learning, to improve the quality of electronic learning and to prepare suitable infrastructures for optimal use of electronic learning.
Materials and Methods: This was a qualitative research with an interpretive phenomenological approach. The purposeful sampling method was used. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. After the thirteenth interview, the theoretical saturation of the data was achieved and the interview process with the sixteenth person was completed. In order to analyze the text of the interviews, the Colaizzi method was used.
Results: From the analysis of the obtained data, three main themes: “Communication and interaction” with five sub-themes (lack of proper interaction between student/professor and student/student, lack of motivation, security and mental health, knowledge sharing and efficiency atmosphere in time and cost), “Management of time and learning style” with six sub-themes (low quality of teaching, stress, access and provision of resources, exam health, gaining experience and skills and opportunity to learn again and innovation in education) and “Infrastructure and technical facilities” were extracted with three sub-themes (weak support, ignoring educational equality and promoting media literacy). Weak interaction between professor and student, increasing level of anxiety and individual responsibility to achieve success in learning and weak technical and management infrastructure were the main challenges obtained from these three themes. Providing a platform for research, self-regulation and self-management in learning, increasing the knowledge and skills of information and communication technology are among the opportunities that are included in these themes.
Conclusion: The results of the current research require attention to the approach of interaction and communication between the learner and the learner, to review the methods of teaching and skill-learning, to improve the quality of electronic learning and to prepare suitable infrastructures for optimal use of electronic learning.
Fatemeh Esmaili, Najmeh Ashouri, Seyedeh Mahboobeh Hosseini Zare,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Antibiotics are one of the most commonly used drugs that help to heal and treat diseases, but improper administration and excessive use of them can increase length of stay and cost of hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to analyze relationship between experimental use of antibiotics and duration of stay of premature infants admitted to Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on 159 premature infants admitted to intensive care ward of Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were investigated. The study tool was a questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was measured by content analysis method and reliability of questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, with help of descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and statistical test of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.
Results: The results showed that 52.2% of infants were girls and 79.9% of deliveries were performed by cesarean section. The average length of stay of infants was 31.47 days and average birth of infants was 30 weeks. According to results of study, there was a significant relationship between length of hospitalization of infants with duration of antibiotic treatment and number of periods of receiving antibiotics (P<0.05). The duration of hospitalization of infants with a period of receiving less than 14 days of antibiotics was almost half of duration of hospitalization of infants with more than 14 days of receiving antibiotics. Also, there was a significant relationship between number of antibiotic courses and length of hospitalization of patients (P<0.05). With increase in number of antibiotic sessions, duration of hospitalization of infants increased significantly. The results of study showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight of babies, cost of bed, and total cost of experimental administration of antibiotics (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering that rational use of antibiotics reduce length of stay of hospitalized infants, Ministry of Health should develop an updated and transparent antibiotic adminstration protocol for premature infants and awareness physicians to inform particularly prescription of antibiotics and implementation of stewardship antibiotic programs in neonatal intensive care unit. Also the publication of standard treatment guidelines, instructions including importance of prescribing antibiotics with correct dose and clinical education of physicians are necessary.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019 on 159 premature infants admitted to intensive care ward of Mahdiyeh hospital in Tehran were investigated. The study tool was a questionnaire that validity of questionnaire was measured by content analysis method and reliability of questionnaire was measured by Cronbach’s alpha method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software, with help of descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and statistical test of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test.
Results: The results showed that 52.2% of infants were girls and 79.9% of deliveries were performed by cesarean section. The average length of stay of infants was 31.47 days and average birth of infants was 30 weeks. According to results of study, there was a significant relationship between length of hospitalization of infants with duration of antibiotic treatment and number of periods of receiving antibiotics (P<0.05). The duration of hospitalization of infants with a period of receiving less than 14 days of antibiotics was almost half of duration of hospitalization of infants with more than 14 days of receiving antibiotics. Also, there was a significant relationship between number of antibiotic courses and length of hospitalization of patients (P<0.05). With increase in number of antibiotic sessions, duration of hospitalization of infants increased significantly. The results of study showed that there was a significant relationship between birth weight of babies, cost of bed, and total cost of experimental administration of antibiotics (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering that rational use of antibiotics reduce length of stay of hospitalized infants, Ministry of Health should develop an updated and transparent antibiotic adminstration protocol for premature infants and awareness physicians to inform particularly prescription of antibiotics and implementation of stewardship antibiotic programs in neonatal intensive care unit. Also the publication of standard treatment guidelines, instructions including importance of prescribing antibiotics with correct dose and clinical education of physicians are necessary.
Mahdi Hadi, Ali Jahan, Lila Najafi, Mohamad Ali Shariat,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Parallel to the progress of services, organizational complexity levels in health care centers (HCCs) have increased. The influential factors in this regard include the variety of services, the non-uniformity of the centers’ management conditions, and the rising expectations from the health system. Therefore, considering many factors influenced and effective, improvement of health services requires development of a systematic approach to evaluate their efficiency and management system. The aim of this study was to develop a balanced scorecard (BSC) model suitable for HCCs using a hybrid approach that combines the Fuzzy Delphi and DNAP techniques.
Materials and Methods: This research was a combined qualitative-quantitative study that was conducted with the aim of developing a BSC model suitable for HCCs. The statistical population consisted of 15 experts in health and medicine, who were selected based on the targeted snowball sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire and a 20×20 matrix questionnaire were used to collect the data. The questionnaire validity was calculated based on the experts’ opinions and the reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and consistency rate. The data was analyzed using Excel and MATLAB, and DNAP technique was used to determine the cause-and-effect relationship and the influence levels of the objectives.
Results: According to the results of the Fuzzy Delphi technique in the panel of experts, 5 viewpoints with 20 objectives of the BSC suitable for HCCs were identified and replaced the traditional viewpoints of the BSC. In addition, these results showed that the views of growth and development, intra-organizational processes, and social responsibility are considered as the influential factors due to the positive D-R values, while the views of patients and society, financial status, and performance are considered as the factors that are effective due to the negative D-R values.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that those points of view that are consistent with the goals of the HCCs should be used in the BSC in order to evaluate their performance. Also, prioritizing and determining the cause-and-effect relationship and considering the contribution of each point of view for achieving the goals of the HCCs can increase the performance.
Materials and Methods: This research was a combined qualitative-quantitative study that was conducted with the aim of developing a BSC model suitable for HCCs. The statistical population consisted of 15 experts in health and medicine, who were selected based on the targeted snowball sampling. A researcher-made questionnaire and a 20×20 matrix questionnaire were used to collect the data. The questionnaire validity was calculated based on the experts’ opinions and the reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and consistency rate. The data was analyzed using Excel and MATLAB, and DNAP technique was used to determine the cause-and-effect relationship and the influence levels of the objectives.
Results: According to the results of the Fuzzy Delphi technique in the panel of experts, 5 viewpoints with 20 objectives of the BSC suitable for HCCs were identified and replaced the traditional viewpoints of the BSC. In addition, these results showed that the views of growth and development, intra-organizational processes, and social responsibility are considered as the influential factors due to the positive D-R values, while the views of patients and society, financial status, and performance are considered as the factors that are effective due to the negative D-R values.
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that those points of view that are consistent with the goals of the HCCs should be used in the BSC in order to evaluate their performance. Also, prioritizing and determining the cause-and-effect relationship and considering the contribution of each point of view for achieving the goals of the HCCs can increase the performance.
Saeed Nazari, Simin Taj Sharififar, Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh, Sanaz Zargar Balaye Jame, Somayeh Azarmi, Yousuf Akbari Shahrestanaki,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The field of pre-hospital rapid response teams is facing major challenges in the field of chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents. Considering that the country of Iran is exposed to the occurrence of these incidents, the possibility of the danger of these incidents and threats cannot be ignored. This study was conducted with the aim of determining effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to CBRN accidents.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Materials and Methods: the current study is qualitative research with a content analysis approach; which was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 specialists and experts through purposive and snowball sampling. Sampling was done until data saturation. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The study aimed to extract effective factors in the formation of pre-hospital rapid response teams in the field of health in response to chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran in 2022.
Results: The factors affecting the formation of the team were divided into 5 main classes and 5 subgroups including capacity building (Education, training), operational requirements (information and communication, command and control, emergency response operational plan, internal and external coordination), required resources (equipment, financing), team formation requirements (decontamination requirements, structural requirements) and team formation structure (general team composition, specialized team composition). The highest number of codes with 39% was related to the emergency response operational plan subcategory and the lowest number of codes with 8% was related to the equipment subcategory.
Conclusion: This study presented the design of the local pre-hospital rapid response team in the field of health in chemical, biological, radiation and nuclear accidents in Iran. This plan is for quick pre-hospital response to attend and intervene in the acute phase of these incidents. In order to increase the response capacity and capability of these teams, in addition to the general composition of the team, in order to improve the specialized preparation to deal with the health effects of these incidents, a specialized composition has also been provided. It is suggested; A separate team should be formed for each CBRN area based on the risk assessment of the offending areas of the country.
Negin Saldar, Rahim Shahbazi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Health literacy plays a role in “reducing human casualties and financial costs” in a society. Emotional intelligence and media literacy also contribute to people’s success in life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of media literacy in the relationship between emotional intelligence and health literacy among graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University.
Materials and Methods: This research is based on the nature and general characteristics, quantitative; Based on the purpose, it is applied and based on the research method and data collection method, is a descriptive correlation based on structural equation model. The statistical population was graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2020 (2218 students). The statistical sample of the research is 327 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method. To collect data, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1998), Montazeri et al. Health Literacy Questionnaire (2014) and media literacy questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.91, 0.84 and 0.79, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equation model) using SPSS and LISREL software.
Results: The findings showed the mean of emotional intelligence, health literacy and media literacy of graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University is 3.10, 3.47 and 3.58, respectively. Also, the results showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ health literacy. According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence with media literacy, and media literacy with health literacy. Also, the media literacy variable plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and health literacy (coefficient) of 0.58 units. The results of the structural equation model test also showed that the proposed conceptual model fits the relationship between emotional intelligence, health literacy and students’ media literacy.
Conclusion: Media literacy can not only directly affect students’ health literacy, but also has a mediating role between emotional intelligence and health literacy. Due to the effect of emotional intelligence on students’ health and media literacy, it is recommended that the necessary planning to be done in graduate education and to strengthen emotional intelligence.
Materials and Methods: This research is based on the nature and general characteristics, quantitative; Based on the purpose, it is applied and based on the research method and data collection method, is a descriptive correlation based on structural equation model. The statistical population was graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University in 2020 (2218 students). The statistical sample of the research is 327 people who were selected by stratified random sampling method. To collect data, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1998), Montazeri et al. Health Literacy Questionnaire (2014) and media literacy questionnaire were used. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.91, 0.84 and 0.79, respectively. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equation model) using SPSS and LISREL software.
Results: The findings showed the mean of emotional intelligence, health literacy and media literacy of graduate students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University is 3.10, 3.47 and 3.58, respectively. Also, the results showed a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and students’ health literacy. According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence with media literacy, and media literacy with health literacy. Also, the media literacy variable plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional intelligence and health literacy (coefficient) of 0.58 units. The results of the structural equation model test also showed that the proposed conceptual model fits the relationship between emotional intelligence, health literacy and students’ media literacy.
Conclusion: Media literacy can not only directly affect students’ health literacy, but also has a mediating role between emotional intelligence and health literacy. Due to the effect of emotional intelligence on students’ health and media literacy, it is recommended that the necessary planning to be done in graduate education and to strengthen emotional intelligence.
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari_ Faramani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All people living in a society are not equally at risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The current study is aimed to determine the factors related to COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among participants of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted between 28th February, 2020 to 27th November, 2021. Data from the RaNCD study, morbidity and hospitalizations cases (extracted from the medical care monitoring system, SAMA system and the handwritten list of the health department) and positive serological results were used. For the case-cohort study, 626 confirmed and/or probable cases and 2107 randomly selected participants as sub-cohort were recruited. For the case-control study, 188 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from RaNCD (as cases) and 632 positive outpatients identified as controls. Data were analyzed using Cox and logistic regression, respectively.
Results: In case-cohort study, the hazard ratio of COVID-19 among people living in rural areas, in smokers and those in middle socioeconomic status was, 0.37 (0.24, 0.58), 1.50 (1.07, 2.11), as compared to the reference groups. While the hazard ratio of people aged 46-64 and those ≥65 years old, as compared to the reference group within the first year, was 3.47 (1.76, 6.86) and 6.45 (2.80, 14.85), the corresponding value after one year was 2.23 (1.13, 4.40) and 3.52 (1.53, 8.10), respectively. The hazard ratio among those with at least one comorbidity was 2.45 (1.53, 3.92) in the first year of study and after one year decreased to 1.82 (1.14, 2.92). In addition, moderate and vigorous physical activity decreased the hazard ratio. In case-control study the odds ratio of hospitalization increased by 0.03% (1.03(1.01, 1.05)) with an increase of one year in age and in people with at least three comorbidities was 2.43 (1.24, 4.73) times of those without comorbidity.
Conclusion: Overall, one year after starting the study the decrease in hazard ratio of COVID-19 was significant. Increase in age and having comorbidities are factors that increased the odds ratio of hospitalization. Such people can be considered for the next waves of COVID-19 prioritized for health care and booster vaccination.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted between 28th February, 2020 to 27th November, 2021. Data from the RaNCD study, morbidity and hospitalizations cases (extracted from the medical care monitoring system, SAMA system and the handwritten list of the health department) and positive serological results were used. For the case-cohort study, 626 confirmed and/or probable cases and 2107 randomly selected participants as sub-cohort were recruited. For the case-control study, 188 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from RaNCD (as cases) and 632 positive outpatients identified as controls. Data were analyzed using Cox and logistic regression, respectively.
Results: In case-cohort study, the hazard ratio of COVID-19 among people living in rural areas, in smokers and those in middle socioeconomic status was, 0.37 (0.24, 0.58), 1.50 (1.07, 2.11), as compared to the reference groups. While the hazard ratio of people aged 46-64 and those ≥65 years old, as compared to the reference group within the first year, was 3.47 (1.76, 6.86) and 6.45 (2.80, 14.85), the corresponding value after one year was 2.23 (1.13, 4.40) and 3.52 (1.53, 8.10), respectively. The hazard ratio among those with at least one comorbidity was 2.45 (1.53, 3.92) in the first year of study and after one year decreased to 1.82 (1.14, 2.92). In addition, moderate and vigorous physical activity decreased the hazard ratio. In case-control study the odds ratio of hospitalization increased by 0.03% (1.03(1.01, 1.05)) with an increase of one year in age and in people with at least three comorbidities was 2.43 (1.24, 4.73) times of those without comorbidity.
Conclusion: Overall, one year after starting the study the decrease in hazard ratio of COVID-19 was significant. Increase in age and having comorbidities are factors that increased the odds ratio of hospitalization. Such people can be considered for the next waves of COVID-19 prioritized for health care and booster vaccination.
Majid Babaei, Shila Hasanzadeh, Sadeq Rezaei, Davoud Alirezazadeh Sadaghiani, Mohammadreza Sheikhy-Chaman,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global and Iranian economies have been affected in various ways. The tax sector seems to have reacted relatively quickly to this pandemic. This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tax revenues in West Azerbaijan Province.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in the second half of 2021. Primary data for 17 cities of West Azerbaijan Province were provided by the General Administration of Tax Affairs of this province in the form of 9 variables in Excel Format. The data were related to 2019 (Before the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2020 (After the COVID-19 pandemic). The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Median, Interquartile range) and analytical statistics (Wilcoxon signed rank test) at a 5% significance level.
Results: Based on the descriptive results, the COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase in the tax revenues of West Azerbaijan province in the fields of government employees’ salary tax, stock transfer tax, inheritance tax and stamp duty tax and a decrease in these revenues in the areas of private employee’s salary tax, income tax on legal entities, business income tax, property transfer tax and value-added tax. Based on the analytical results, the impact of this pandemic on the private employee’s salary tax (P=0.003), income tax on legal entities (P=0.019), business income tax (P=0.013), property transfer tax (P=0.015) and value-added tax (P=0.001) was found to be negative and significant. Furthermore, the effect on stock transfer tax (P=0.030) and inheritance tax (P=0.001) was positive and significant. On the other hand, the impact of this pandemic on government employees’ salary tax (P=0.287) and stamp duty tax (P=0.356) was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic hurt most of the tax revenue sectors. To compensate for the decreased income in vulnerable sectors, the government must develop international trade with comprehensive support from the non-governmental sector while creating new tax lines. Also, stabilizing the financing cycle and designing mechanisms to prevent tax evasion, especially in high-paying jobs, can be fruitful.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was conducted in the second half of 2021. Primary data for 17 cities of West Azerbaijan Province were provided by the General Administration of Tax Affairs of this province in the form of 9 variables in Excel Format. The data were related to 2019 (Before the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2020 (After the COVID-19 pandemic). The data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics (Frequency, Percentage, Median, Interquartile range) and analytical statistics (Wilcoxon signed rank test) at a 5% significance level.
Results: Based on the descriptive results, the COVID-19 pandemic caused an increase in the tax revenues of West Azerbaijan province in the fields of government employees’ salary tax, stock transfer tax, inheritance tax and stamp duty tax and a decrease in these revenues in the areas of private employee’s salary tax, income tax on legal entities, business income tax, property transfer tax and value-added tax. Based on the analytical results, the impact of this pandemic on the private employee’s salary tax (P=0.003), income tax on legal entities (P=0.019), business income tax (P=0.013), property transfer tax (P=0.015) and value-added tax (P=0.001) was found to be negative and significant. Furthermore, the effect on stock transfer tax (P=0.030) and inheritance tax (P=0.001) was positive and significant. On the other hand, the impact of this pandemic on government employees’ salary tax (P=0.287) and stamp duty tax (P=0.356) was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic hurt most of the tax revenue sectors. To compensate for the decreased income in vulnerable sectors, the government must develop international trade with comprehensive support from the non-governmental sector while creating new tax lines. Also, stabilizing the financing cycle and designing mechanisms to prevent tax evasion, especially in high-paying jobs, can be fruitful.
Davoud Haseli, Somayeh Paknahad,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Bibliometric analysis by describing the state of publications and identifying key entities and emerging topics plays an important role in evaluating research. The aim of the paper is to study the global trends of scientific collaboration networks of researchers, organizations and countries and the co-occurrence of words in the field of social medicine in the database of Web of Science.
Materials and Methods: The method of investigation is bibliometric. The sample comprises 8494 publications in the area of social medicine between 2002 and 2021 in the Web of science database. The drawing of the scientific collaboration network of researchers, organisations and countries, and the analysis of the words network of co-occurrence, was made using the bibliometric software Vosviewer.
Results: The publication process of social medicine documents in the target period is increasing. Research articles had the highest number of documents frequency and review articles received the most citations. The United States had the most published literature in this area, and most authors and organizations were from that country. The degrees of two countries, Canada and Australia, had the most citations per documents, and the five countries of South Africa, Portugal, Pakistan, India, and Iran were emerging players in this field. The network of words co-occurrence of social medicine in three groups was devoted to “preventive research in social medicine”, “social determinants of health” and “healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity”. In terms of temporal occurrence, the five keywords public health, mental health, social medicine, meta-analysis and epidemiology were emerging subjects in the area of social medicine.
Conclusion: Understanding impact of non-clinical studies of social medicine on people’s lives has led to an increase in research in this field. In addition to the traditional role of developed countries, some developing countries are also new players in this field and seeking to develop their infrastructure in social medicine.
Materials and Methods: The method of investigation is bibliometric. The sample comprises 8494 publications in the area of social medicine between 2002 and 2021 in the Web of science database. The drawing of the scientific collaboration network of researchers, organisations and countries, and the analysis of the words network of co-occurrence, was made using the bibliometric software Vosviewer.
Results: The publication process of social medicine documents in the target period is increasing. Research articles had the highest number of documents frequency and review articles received the most citations. The United States had the most published literature in this area, and most authors and organizations were from that country. The degrees of two countries, Canada and Australia, had the most citations per documents, and the five countries of South Africa, Portugal, Pakistan, India, and Iran were emerging players in this field. The network of words co-occurrence of social medicine in three groups was devoted to “preventive research in social medicine”, “social determinants of health” and “healthy lifestyle, nutrition and physical activity”. In terms of temporal occurrence, the five keywords public health, mental health, social medicine, meta-analysis and epidemiology were emerging subjects in the area of social medicine.
Conclusion: Understanding impact of non-clinical studies of social medicine on people’s lives has led to an increase in research in this field. In addition to the traditional role of developed countries, some developing countries are also new players in this field and seeking to develop their infrastructure in social medicine.
Shima Derakhshan, Negar Yavari Tehrani Fard, Nahid Abotalbe, Maryam Naseroleslami,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, natural compounds such as peptides and probiotics can be mentioned as a supplement to the treatment of diseases such as cancer. These compounds may be effective in preventing the progression or treatment of cancer by affecting some molecular pathways including inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of D-peptide-B and B.bifidum probiotic lysate on the expression of TNF-α and IL-1 genes in gastric cancer cells of AGS cell line.
Materials and Methods: In this study, AGS and HEK cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated with different concentrations of D-peptide-B and B.bifidum lysate and were incubated for 24 hours. The cell viability was checked by MTT. For molecular investigations, after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the relative expression of TNF-α and IL-1 genes was evaluated using Real time PCR, and the data were analyzed using statistical methods One-way ANOVA.
Results: The MTT results indicated that the AGS cancer cells’ survival rate decreased after treatment with dipeptide-B and lysate of B.bifidum as compared to HEK control cells. Furthermore, the study found that the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1 genes in gastric cancer cells were significantly higher after treatment with D-Peptide-B, bacterial lysate, or both, when compared to normal HEK cells (P≤0.05). Specifically, the IL-1 gene expression increased by 300% (4 times) for peptide treatment, 100% (2 times) for bacterial treatment, and 650% (7.5 times) for combined treatment. Similarly, the TNF-α gene expression increased by 350% for peptide treatment, 100% for bacterial treatment, and 520% for combined treatment. These results suggest that these compounds may have induced cell death in cancer cells by affecting other molecular pathways.
Conclusion: Considering that D-peptide-B and B.bifidum lysate had no significant toxicity on normal cells and caused a significant decrease in the survival of cancer cells and this toxicity was dose dependent, therefore, consideration might be given to these natural compounds in treatment of gastric cancer.
Materials and Methods: In this study, AGS and HEK cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated with different concentrations of D-peptide-B and B.bifidum lysate and were incubated for 24 hours. The cell viability was checked by MTT. For molecular investigations, after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the relative expression of TNF-α and IL-1 genes was evaluated using Real time PCR, and the data were analyzed using statistical methods One-way ANOVA.
Results: The MTT results indicated that the AGS cancer cells’ survival rate decreased after treatment with dipeptide-B and lysate of B.bifidum as compared to HEK control cells. Furthermore, the study found that the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1 genes in gastric cancer cells were significantly higher after treatment with D-Peptide-B, bacterial lysate, or both, when compared to normal HEK cells (P≤0.05). Specifically, the IL-1 gene expression increased by 300% (4 times) for peptide treatment, 100% (2 times) for bacterial treatment, and 650% (7.5 times) for combined treatment. Similarly, the TNF-α gene expression increased by 350% for peptide treatment, 100% for bacterial treatment, and 520% for combined treatment. These results suggest that these compounds may have induced cell death in cancer cells by affecting other molecular pathways.
Conclusion: Considering that D-peptide-B and B.bifidum lysate had no significant toxicity on normal cells and caused a significant decrease in the survival of cancer cells and this toxicity was dose dependent, therefore, consideration might be given to these natural compounds in treatment of gastric cancer.
Elaha Rasouli Jokar, Saeid Shamlou Kazemi, Homa Naderifar,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High blood pressure and increased lipid profile are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To improve cardiovascular health, lifestyle changes should be considered as a guide to reduce people’s inactivity and modify healthy eating patterns. Spirulina is a green alga and has been considered as a food supplement for the treatment of various diseases. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of spirulina supplement and eight weeks of combined exercises on blood pressure and lipid profile in women with high blood pressure.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a clinical trial in 40 women with high blood pressure (50-60 years old). People were included in the study in 4 intervention and control groups. The data were collected during two stages of pre-test and post-test in terms of changes in blood pressure and lipid profile. The supplement intervention group consumed 4.2 grams of spirulina supplement daily and had an exercise intervention of 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercises. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 23), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test at level 0.05.
Results: The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and VLDL, after the test, in the study groups (P-value<0.05). The highest mean±standard deviation (SD) of systolic blood pressure (141.90±9.85), and total cholesterol (213.30±28.93), after the test, was observed in combined exercise group and the mean± SD of VLDL after the test (34.60±6.46) was observed in the control group. Also, the results of Tukey’s post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean blood pressure in the control groups-spirulina supplement, control-combined exercises, spirulina supplement-spirulina supplement and combined exercises, and combined exercises-spirulina supplement and combined exercises. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean of total cholesterol and VLDL in combined exercises-spirulina supplement, combined exercises, and control-spirulina supplement groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of spirulina supplement and eight weeks of combined exercises may have beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipid profile in women with high blood pressure.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted as a clinical trial in 40 women with high blood pressure (50-60 years old). People were included in the study in 4 intervention and control groups. The data were collected during two stages of pre-test and post-test in terms of changes in blood pressure and lipid profile. The supplement intervention group consumed 4.2 grams of spirulina supplement daily and had an exercise intervention of 8 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercises. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (version 23), one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test at level 0.05.
Results: The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and VLDL, after the test, in the study groups (P-value<0.05). The highest mean±standard deviation (SD) of systolic blood pressure (141.90±9.85), and total cholesterol (213.30±28.93), after the test, was observed in combined exercise group and the mean± SD of VLDL after the test (34.60±6.46) was observed in the control group. Also, the results of Tukey’s post hoc test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean blood pressure in the control groups-spirulina supplement, control-combined exercises, spirulina supplement-spirulina supplement and combined exercises, and combined exercises-spirulina supplement and combined exercises. Also, there was a significant difference between the mean of total cholesterol and VLDL in combined exercises-spirulina supplement, combined exercises, and control-spirulina supplement groups, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that the use of spirulina supplement and eight weeks of combined exercises may have beneficial effects on blood pressure and lipid profile in women with high blood pressure.
Zeynab Arbabi, Abdolali Banaiefar, Sajjad Arshadi, Hamid Tabatabaei,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Metabolic syndrome refers to a set of metabolic disorders related to obesity, such as abdominal obesity, increased body fat mass, lipid disorders, hypertension, increased blood glucose, and insulin resistance. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of 8 weeks of CXWORX exercises combined with inulin consumption on some indicators of oxidative stress in obese women with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: Forty eight obese women with metabolic syndrome in the age range of 30 to 40 years were randomly divided into Control, inulin, CX exercise and combined groups were included. Subjects were present in the laboratory environment and 5 cc of blood was taken from their brachial vein. Blood sample was taken to measure malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase (pre-test). Then the aforementioned interventions were performed on the studied groups for a period of 8 weeks. Finally, blood sampling was done again to measure the variables (post-test).
Results: The results of the correlated t-test revealed that in all three groups, the intervention led to a significant decrease in malondialdehyde compared to the pre-test; However, xanthine oxidase variable did not change significantly in the exercise group and significantly decreased in the inulin and combined groups compared to the pre-test. ANOVA results revealed that compared to the control group, the amount of malondialdehyde is significant only in the combined group (P≤0.05). The amount of this variable in the combined group decreased significantly compared to the exercise and inulin group (P≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between the exercise and inulin groups (P>0.05). Amount of xanthine oxidase, a significant difference had between the inulin and combination groups with the control group (P≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between the exercise and inulin groups (P>0.05). Despite this, a significant difference in xanthine oxidase levels was observed between the combined group with the exercise and inulin groups (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the available findings, it is concluded that the implementation of CX exercises combined with the use of inulin reduces the oxidative stress function more than the application of each of them alone in women with metabolic syndrome.
Materials and Methods: Forty eight obese women with metabolic syndrome in the age range of 30 to 40 years were randomly divided into Control, inulin, CX exercise and combined groups were included. Subjects were present in the laboratory environment and 5 cc of blood was taken from their brachial vein. Blood sample was taken to measure malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase (pre-test). Then the aforementioned interventions were performed on the studied groups for a period of 8 weeks. Finally, blood sampling was done again to measure the variables (post-test).
Results: The results of the correlated t-test revealed that in all three groups, the intervention led to a significant decrease in malondialdehyde compared to the pre-test; However, xanthine oxidase variable did not change significantly in the exercise group and significantly decreased in the inulin and combined groups compared to the pre-test. ANOVA results revealed that compared to the control group, the amount of malondialdehyde is significant only in the combined group (P≤0.05). The amount of this variable in the combined group decreased significantly compared to the exercise and inulin group (P≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between the exercise and inulin groups (P>0.05). Amount of xanthine oxidase, a significant difference had between the inulin and combination groups with the control group (P≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between the exercise and inulin groups (P>0.05). Despite this, a significant difference in xanthine oxidase levels was observed between the combined group with the exercise and inulin groups (P≤0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the available findings, it is concluded that the implementation of CX exercises combined with the use of inulin reduces the oxidative stress function more than the application of each of them alone in women with metabolic syndrome.
Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh, Azar Abolpur, Kosar Rezaei, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammad Khammarnia, Farnaz Keykhah, Mostafa Peyvand,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children’s health is important as the future builders of society. Many children under 5 years of age around the world and in Iran have growth disorders. Due to the importance of growth disorder and its impact on the development, learning and future of the child, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency of deviations from the growth curves of children under 5 years of age and related factors in Zahedan city.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2020 in Zahedan. The study population included all children under 5 years old, born in Zahedan between 2013 and 2020 that 784 of whom were selected by random sampling method. To determine the factors related to growth disorder multiple logistic regression analysis was used and to check the significance level, chi-square test and Pearson correlation were used. In this research, the data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: The results of this research showed that 54% of the boys and 51.20% of the girls had growth disorders. Between child growth disorder and maternal chronic disease (P<0.05), maternal body mass index (P<0.05), Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.05), distance between births (P<0.05) maternal urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P<0.05), mother’s age (P=0.006), mother’s education (P<0.05), birth weight (P<0.001), birth order (P<0.05), father’s occupation (P<0.05) and father’s education (P<0.05) a significant association was found. In the present study, the average birth weight in children with growth disorders was 2.75±0.58 and in healthy children was 2.95±0.57, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The average age of mothers of children with growth disorders was 29.19±6.07 and the average age of mothers of healthy children was 27.98±6.10, this difference was statistically significant (P=0.006).
Conclusion: Growth disorder is a multi-causal complication. Risk factors can be corrected and prevented by developing health education and increasing mothers’ awareness and knowledge. Also, the father’s job and literacy are effective in the child’s growth disorder, so Increasing community health literacy and encouraging fathers’ learning and literacy can partially prevent growth disorders in children.
Sedighe Hannani, Nazanin Sarraf Shahri, Asma Feizy Dehkharghani, Najme Samii, Azar Arab Khazaie, Azin Arab Khazaie, Kiarash Kamboozia,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Virtual networks have become one of the most influential tools in people’s lives, affecting various aspects of life. In medical sciences, with numerous advancements, the use of virtual networks is increasing. However, virtual networks can lead to wastage of students’ time and a reduction in study hours, which negatively impacts their knowledge and practical skills. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of using virtual networks on the knowledge and practical skills of surgical technologist students.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 60 students in the 6th and 8th semester of operating room technology at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. At the end of the semester, the students underwent a comprehensive 40-question theoretical exam to assess their theoretical knowledge. To evaluate the level of virtual network usage, the students filled out a researcher-designed questionnaire. The practical skills of the students were measured based on their internship grades. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: According to the findings of this study, there was a significant negative relationship between the level of virtual network usage and theoretical knowledge (P<0.05). This means that with an increase in virtual network usage, the level of students’ knowledge decreased. On the other hand, there was a significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This means that as the scores of the comprehensive exam increased, the scores of practical skills (internship) also increased. However, no significant relationship was found between the level of virtual network usage and students’ practical skills (P>0.21).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, virtual networks lead to a weakening of students’ theoretical knowledge, as evidenced by the decrease in scores on the researcher-designed questionnaire (level of virtual network usage) and the comprehensive exam scores. Another result of the study was the significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, indicating that as the comprehensive exam scores increased, the scores obtained in internships also increased.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 60 students in the 6th and 8th semester of operating room technology at Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021. At the end of the semester, the students underwent a comprehensive 40-question theoretical exam to assess their theoretical knowledge. To evaluate the level of virtual network usage, the students filled out a researcher-designed questionnaire. The practical skills of the students were measured based on their internship grades. Normality of the data was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Pearson correlation coefficient test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: According to the findings of this study, there was a significant negative relationship between the level of virtual network usage and theoretical knowledge (P<0.05). This means that with an increase in virtual network usage, the level of students’ knowledge decreased. On the other hand, there was a significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills. This means that as the scores of the comprehensive exam increased, the scores of practical skills (internship) also increased. However, no significant relationship was found between the level of virtual network usage and students’ practical skills (P>0.21).
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, virtual networks lead to a weakening of students’ theoretical knowledge, as evidenced by the decrease in scores on the researcher-designed questionnaire (level of virtual network usage) and the comprehensive exam scores. Another result of the study was the significant positive relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, indicating that as the comprehensive exam scores increased, the scores obtained in internships also increased.
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Health Information Management, Health Care Management, Medical Laboratory Sciences, Medical Library & Information Sciences, Radiation Biology (Radiobiology and Radiation Protection), Operating Room, Anesthesiology
Site Statistics- Registered users: 3068 users
- Online users: 0 users
- Guest users: 39 users
- All visits: 2154192 visits
- Visits in 24 Hours: 1677 visits
- Total articles: 3003 articles
- Published articles: 755 articles
© 2024 , Tehran University of Medical Sciences, CC BY-NC 4.0
Designed & Developed by: Yektaweb