Journal of

Background And Aim: Nowadays university websites are very important in information services. There fore university has designed website for categorizing and availability of mass of information . This study accomplish to purpose evaluated of Tehran university of medicine sciences website base on webometrics criteria on 2008 .

Materials and Methods: This survey have been used link analysis methods by four criteria : visibility , size , rich file and google scholar . The situation of Tehran university of medicine sciences website has surveyed . Data gathering tools at webometrics survey are search engines . Data are gathering at google , yahoo, live search and exalead search engine . For data analysis used Excel software.

Results: Findings showed that , visibility of Tehran university of medicine sciences website with 9562 inlinks are weak , nevertheless published research at google scholar with 12100 articles , have suitable ranked in region and world. also size of university website depended to indexing of search engine , web of university often indexing at google and yahoo , less than at live search and exalead .10813 pages published at Rich files format on google , website of university tend to publish rich files as format of .pdf and then .Doc and .ppt . Average load time for tums with 4.2 second is not desirable.

Discussion and Conclusion: Number of papers and citations for tums domain at google scholar is very good at world and middle east. Number of pages recovered from Google, Yahoo in Persian language are optimum but pages from Live Search and Exalead in English language is not favorable . The total number of unique external links received to tums website from Iranian university website is good but from international and information institution is low .

Background and Aim: Analysis of efficiency in hospitals, as the most expensive operating unit of the health system, is very important. This costly unit has several departments that one of them is medical records. This study is trying to analyze the efficiency of medical records department for the enhancement of using medical records facilities.

Materials and Methods: In this study, technical, scale and managerial efficiency of medical records department has been studied by data envelopment analysis method, and assuming the scale efficiency variable and the input axis. Information used in this study was the input variables (number of technician personnel and lower and Master of Science personnel and higher), output variables (number of emergency and outpatient and inpatient medical records and the number of filing unit visitors to respond) during 2007-2009.

Results: The average technical efficiency of medical records departments is 84 percent, that indicates there is at least 16 percent capacity for an increase in performance. Average of management and scale Performance in units during the 3 years of study are 95 and 89 percent respectively. Most input surplus is relevant to technician and lower personnel. The average performance of these units in general hospitals is 80 percent and in specialized activities is 92 percent.

Discussion and Conclusion: Relationship between studied indicators in this study with performance medical records departments showed that using such as employee personnel with undergraduate degrees and higher and educated in medical records filed, the use of managers with enough experience in this department and more use of computer systems for unit activities can fill 16 percent capacity of performance improvement in these units.

Background and Aim: Using Hirsch index as an important tool to describe the scientific outputs of researchers has caused some authors to increase their self-imposed parameters, increase, citing themselves. Therefore it is necessary to consider the effect of self-citation on Hirsch index for every author to have better measuring on the quality of researchers scientific production.

Materials and Methods: This research is descriptive method of citation analysis in general and specifically self-citation analysis. The study, are Iranian prolific authors in the field of medicine that have at least 30 documents indexed in Web of Science database between 2004 to 2006. Citations following up was studied till December 2010 Results was analysis using Excel software version 2007.

Results: The average self-citation observed between prolific authors in medical field was 25/89 percent. Hirsch index for 30/77 percent of authors had changed considerably. The authors rating scheme based on Hirsch index was done after removing self - citation so that 38/46 percent of authors decreased to lower level.

Conclusion: Considering that 10 to 30 percent of self-citation can be normal and justified, the status of self-citatin of Iranian prolific authors in medical field is desirable. Also, lower rates of self - citation of these authors doesnot affect Hirsch index.

Background and Aim: Theses are considered as one of the sources for research in the field of education. The aim of this study was to determine the popular topics during 1349-1389 (1970-2010) and to examine the amount of educational interference and the type of such interference in different theses.

Materials and Methods: This research study was done using the descriptive-analytic method and employing the content analysis technique. The choice of topics was based on the categories derived from the Medical Headings of the American National Library. All related theses (336 in this field) were reviewed and the data were analyzed by SPSS software.

Results: In this review, most finished theses belonged to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (62.5%), Tarbiat Modares University (25.3%), and Iran University of Medical Sciences (12.2%). MSc theses were mainly about diseases (23.8%) however, doctoral dissertations were mostly about the prevention of diseases(26.2%).

Conclusion: Although in the recent decade, there has been an increase in new topics and educational interference in theses, some important issues like the training of patients are still neglected. It seems that some strategies like preparing a suitable information bank of thesis in the field of health education can be a good guide for selecting new topics and ignoring old ones.

Background and Aim: Identification of entrepreneurial opportunities in the field of nutrition counseling is a central issue in employing nutrition consultants and meeting the needs of patients with chronic diseases better. To this end, the present survey has been conducted in order to analyze the supply and demand trends of diabetes nutrition counseling as a basic step toward identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities for nutrition consultants in Tehran.

Materials and Methods: To implement this descriptive-survey study, a questionnaire based on Likert scale was sent by email to 80 active professionals in the field of nutrition counseling services in Tehran, of whom 48 responded to its questions. Then, using SPSS11.5, the mean values of participants' responses were calculated and compared with one another.

Results: The findings obtained based on participants' responses revealed that the need for "nutritional counseling in the form of a treatment team" was mostly not met in different age, education and income groups of diabetic patients

Conclusion: "Nutrition counseling in the form of a treatment team" can be considered as a suitable field for entrepreneurial activities.

Background and Aim: Patents are used as indicators to assess the growth of science and technology in a given country or area. They are examined to determine the research potentials of research centers, universities, and inventors. This study aims to map the past and current trends in patenting activities with a view to understanding better and tracking the changing nature of science and technology in Iran.

Materials and Methods: The patenting activity in Iran was investigated based on USPTO, WIPO, and Esp@cenet for the period 1976-2011. The researchers analyzed the affiliation of inventors, and collected patents having at least one Iranian inventor. The collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.

Results: results showed that between 1976 and 2011, 212 patents were registered by Iranian inventors in the above-mentioned three databases. The average number of Iranian patents registered per year increased significantly from 25 in 1976-1980 to 119 in 2006-2011. It should be noted that the highest number of registered patents (27%) were in" chemistry, metallurgy" area of International Patent Classification, followed by "human necessities"(18%), and "performing operations transporting"(15%).

Conclusion: Overall, the proportion of Iranian inventors' patents registered in databases is small. However, the figure shows a growth for the years under study. Iran's patents registered in databases have considerable subject concentration. Scientific areas are growing together, and there is more potential of research work and innovation in areas of "chemistry, metallurgy", "Electricity" and "human needs".

Background and Aim: In strategic planning, there are several procedures to perform internal assessment or strength and weakness of organizations. Among other methods created for this purpose, Wiseboard model is the one in which the following six internal dimensions are considered: Organizational Structure, Leadership, Coordination, Reward System and Communication. This study measures three of these variables in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).

Materials and Methods: This survey is a descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional study conducted during 2010 and 2011. The research population comprised all those working at TUMS hospitals from which a random sample of about 580 people was selected. The questionnaire's reliability was estimated to be 91% and the data were analyzed by the SPSS software.

Results: Of the subjects, 75.4% were below diploma level, 13% above diploma, 7.8% higher diploma, 66.4 bachelor holders, 2.6% master holders, and 5.4% had a doctoral degree or higher. Some 72.6% of the subjects were in Clinical and 19.8% in Nonclinical fields. The mean values of Goal Setting, Organizational Structure, and Leadership came out to be 24.47, 20.37, and 22.06, respectively.

Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research study, TUMS hospitals have weaknesses in some aspects and they need improvement in some areas in the following order: Organizational Structure, Leadership, and Goal Setting.

Background and Aim: Paying attention to efficiency of cost and performance in hospitals as the largest and the most costly performing unit of the health care systems is very crucial. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of hospitals related to Yazd University of Medical Sciences (YUMS).

Materials and Methods: In this study, the efficiency of Hospitals of YUMS was assessed by Data Envelopment Analysis method during years 2000- 2008. The variables were of two types: output variables including the percentage of occupied beds, inpatient days and the number of surgical procedures and input variables were number of active beds, nurses, medical staff and other personnel. The data was analyzed using Deap2.1 software.

Results: Average of technical, management and scale efficiency of hospitals was 0.958, 0.986 and 0.963 respectively. We concluded that the capacity of efficiency promotion in hospitals is increasable up to 5%. In addition, the nurses as one of the most important input variables, had the most apparent slack inputs.

Conclusion: Although the level of efficiency was optimal and there was little unused capacity for increasing efficiency in hospitals, however, managers should plan to increase the efficiency. Finally, assessing the effect of variables such as service quality and patient satisfaction on hospitals efficiency is recommended.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, because of the intense competition between nutrition consultants and rapid changes in patients' demands for nutrition counseling, application of the concepts such as "Entrepreneurial Opportunities Recognition" in this field seems unavoidable. One of the most commonly used methods for recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities is "Strategic Analysis of External Environment". Present survey has been conducted in order to study the impact of nutrition consultants' educational level on their strategic analysis about entrepreneurial opportunities.

Materials and Methods: This analytical survey was implemented based on the data (nutrition consultants' educational levels and their responses regarding the supply and demand for nutrition counseling services) which was collected during a previous study entitled ((Analysis of supply and demand trends in the field of diabetes nutrition counseling: A basic step towards identifying the entrepreneurial opportunities for nutrition consultants)). Also, ((Spearman's correlation test)) and ((GLM multivariate test)) were performed for the analysis of aforementioned data.

Results: Both statistical tests showed that nutrition consultants' educational levels (including 1- Bachelor of Science and 2- Master of Science and PhD) had significant relationship with two-thirds of their comments.

Conclusion: Nutrition consultants' educational level has a relative impact on their strategic analysis about the entrepreneurial opportunities.

Background and Aim: Analysis of functions enables organizations to identify their special capabilities and weak points accurately and thus they can enhance capabilities and reduce impacts of threats and obstacles through such analysis. The main goal of this work is investigation of status of Weisbord Model's variables (6 variables) as functional dimensions of management in hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive - analytical study. The study population consisted of 384 staffs from hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Standardized questionnaire for organization recognition was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, frequency percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and significance level) were used for statistical analysis and data analysis was run using SPSS software.

Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference (p=0.0001) in hospitals in terms of the internal situation. Internal situation of all hospitals in the study was evaluated as favorable condition by obtaining 94.5 score out of 125. Among the hospitals, Hashemi-Nejad Hospital with highest score (113) showed the better condition and Rasoul Hospital had the lowest score (87) and lower condition as compared to other hospitals.

Conclusion: Necessity of systematic perspective in designing and development of fair compensation mechanism with presence of representatives of employees is an action which can considerably influence improvement of current situation in the hospitals and facilitates achieving predetermined goals of the organization

Background and Aim: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is prevalent in most tropical and subtropical countries of the world and leads to adverse economic consequences. This study was performed to estimate the cost of healthcare services delivered to CL patients in Qom Province.

Materials and Methods: Based on the data from 638 CL patients, this cross-sectional study was performed in Qom during 2009-2011. First, using researcher-made forms and based on the accounting documents, the direct and overhead costs of health services in the studied areas were calculated. Then, the out-of-pocket costs per patient were obtained. Finally, the gathered data were calculated using the excel software.

Results: In total, more than 1,600 million rials was spent on providing health services to 638 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in endemic foci of Qom. The direct healthcare cost was estimated to be about a thousand million and the overhead cost about 600 million rials. Besides, the state cost per patient was estimated to be over 2,520 thousand and the out-of-pocket cost per patient about 240 thousand rials. Moreover, the average total cost per patient was calculated to be 2,760,772 in the studied period.

Conclusion : Based on results, considerable costs are spent for CL diagnosis and treatment in Qom. Therefore, health planners should give priority to the prevention of this disease in their programs.

 Background and Aim: Scientific journals are the most major tools in disseminating research findings. With the increasing number and price of scientific journals, libraries need to select journals. Citation analysis is a practical method in identifying the best titles to be subscribed. This study was to identify core journals in the field of dentistry using citation analysis.

 Materials and Methods: Two hundered and seventy six documents including dentistry theses (241 titles) and faculty papers (35 titles) indexed in Science Citation Index (SCIE) were selected and their references were extracted and evaluated using citation analysis methods. The distribution frequency of journals confirmed the Bradford’s Law of Scattering representing core dentistry journals.

 Results: Eleven thousand twenty three references were totally extracted. Average reference per theses and papers was 39/25 and 44/74, respectively. English journals and books were the most frequent referred documents having 95% of total references approximately. The most updated references were in English dated during 2001-2005 and 2006-2010. Using the Bradford’s Law, five journals were introduced as core dentistry journals.

 Conclusion: Selecting and subscribing core journals leads into cost-effectiveness in libraries and plays an important role in meeting user’s needs. While having many challenges in accessing scientific resources, core journals selection and subscription is an intelligent action resulting in effective use of financial resources. 

Background and Aim: Considering the potential damages caused by inaccurate, inadequate and incomplete information published in web pages, the aim of this study was to evaluate Persian-language web pages containing nutritional information, using Silberg criteria.

Materials and Methods: Internet pages related to nutrition were found in “peyvandha.ir” and by searching 20 nutrition-related keywords in five search engines. The first fifty results of every keyword in every search engine were evaluated according to the inclusion criteria. From every website/weblog, three issues were randomly chosen. The Silberg checklist and the qualitative questionnaire were completed and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: In total, 56 websites /weblogs (47 websites and 9 weblogs) were found to have nutrition-related information. Among these websites/weblogs, 40 were active in the field of nutrition, 14 in health-related fields, and the rest in news, general information and cooking. Mean Silberg score (out of 9) was 2.3±1.9 for websites and 1.75±1.3 for weblogs. The highest score in this study was 8 (one website) and the lowest score was zero (13 websites/weblogs). In 82.5% of websites/weblogs, the sources used in compiling the articles were not mentioned and 64.9% of them lacked their authors’ names. Of all websites/weblogs, 94% didn’t have any disclaimer rejecting the responsibility for accuracy of the information.

Conclusion: Due to the poor quality of internet pages on the one hand and the importance of nutritional knowledge on the other, the development of reliable Persian-language web pages to improve public awareness of nutritional issues is necessary.

Background and Aim: Research in the medical field requires large budgets, specialist human resources and modern equipment and instruments. Scientific collaboration is a way to overcome such problems. Main goal of this study was analyzing scientific collaboration of universities of medical sciences in different aspects.
Materials and Methods: In this research, by using scientometrics methods and social network analysis techniques, the Universities of Medical Sciences co-authorship network was mapped. Source of collecting Data, was Web Of Science database. For mapping and analyzing of scientific networks, we used Bibexcel, VOSviewer, Pajek and UCINET software.
Results: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with 933 co-authorship papers are in the first place in scientific collaboration among Iranian Universities of Medical Sciences. And at the international level, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences has more scientific collaboration than other Iranian universities with the University of Malaya. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, have significant position in terms of centrality index in co-authorship network.
Conclusion: Medical sciences researchers have very strong tendency to make scientific collaboration with Tehran University of Medical Sciences researchers. For this reason, scientific collaboration network has become a monopoly network around Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This form of collaboration prevents creation of opportunities for collaboration.

Background and Aim: Almost one out of 10 patients who are admitted in hospitals experience “never events” while researches show that about half of these harms are preventable through the utilization of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). This study aims to identify and evaluate the risks of care processes in three wards of Alzahra University Hospital of Isfahan and suggest some interventions for reducing these risks.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which identified high-risk processes using FMEA in respiratory, gastroenterology and rheumatologic wards of Alzahra Hospital during the years 2014-2015. The study population comprised clinical staff members who worked in these three wards and were familiar with clinical care processes. The focus group team was selected through purposive sampling method. Finally, the information was gathered in standard FMEA work sheets and analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: A total of 72 clinical care processes were identified, and the 73.5%  of the focus group members rated "blood and its products transfusion process" as the most risky care process. The step "checking the incompatible of patient's information and blood lable and its products" was the most dangerous step (with PRN = 300). The findings showed that human and equipment failures were the main reasons of facing the “never events” in these wards. 
Conclusion: Risk management tells us that the efficiency and quality of care can be promoted by preventing errors through human resource training and proper maintenance of medical equipment.