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Showing 3 results for Antibiotic Resistance
Antimicrobial Resistance Trends Of Klebsiella Spp. Isolated From Patients In Imam Khomeini Hospital
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dalal, Seyed Asghar Miremadi, Mohammad Kazem Sharify Yazdi, Abdolaziz Rastegar Lari, Zahra Rajabi, Sovan Avadis Yans ,
Volume 6, Issue 4 (11-2012)
Abstract

Background and Aim: A vast majority of clinical specimens are contaminated with Klebsiella species. The drug resistance among Klebsiella species is increasing day by day therefore, antibiotic senility test is necessary before prescribing antibiotics. The aim of this research was to determine the antibiotics resistance patterns of Klebsiella species isolated from clinical specimens of patients using the standard Kirby-Bauer method.

Materials and Methods: The present research was performed on 300 specimens of Klebsiella collected from Imam Khomeini hospital. After identification, drug resistance was investigated through the standard CLSI procedure. The drug sensitivity test was determined for all of the 12 antibiotics using standards of disk diffusion in agar Kirby-Bauer.

Results: The frequency rates of the isolated Klebsiella species were: pneumonia(94%), oxytoca(4%), ozaenae(1%), and rhinoscleromatis(1%). Moreover, in terms of source of infection, the collected samples in order of frequency were: urine, sputum, vagina, scar, stool, and blood, respectively. Altogether, the percentage rates of resistance were as follows: Ampicillin(97%), Amoxycillin(97%), Cefalotin(39%), Gentamicin(30%), Colistin(55%), Nalidixic acid(2%), Chloramphenicol(26%), Kanamycin(17%), Tetracycline(28%), Nitrofuration(44%), Ceftazidime(2%), and Amikacin(0%).

Conclusion: The results showed that the lowest resistance rate obtained was related to Amikacin in all tested Klebsiella therefore, it can be recommended as the most effective antibiotic.


Studying the Frequency of Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia from Different Clinical Samples and Determining the Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates
Sam Torabinejad, Mohadeseh Ostovari Deilamani, Farhad Nikkhahi, Reza Bigverdi, Fatemeh Fardsanei,
Volume 19, Issue 2 (7-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a non-fermentative Gram-negative bacillus and the third most common cause of hospital-acquired infections. Treatment of infections caused by this bacterium has not always been successful due to its high potential for multiple resistance to a wide range of antibiotics and the formation of biofilms. Obviously, accurate and timely diagnosis of bacterial agents causing hospital-acquired infections and determination of the microbial susceptibility pattern of isolates can make a significant contribution to infection control in hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Stenotrophomonas in different clinical samples and to determine the biofilm production rate and microbial susceptibility of isolates.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, non-fermentative Gram-negative isolates suspected of being Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from different clinical samples from teaching hospitals in Qazvin province were collected and examined from April to March 2023. After phenotypic and molecular confirmation of the isolates using standard methods, the microbial susceptibility pattern of the isolates and the amount of biofilm production were examined using the microplate titer method.
Results: In this study, out of 50 isolates collected, the highest number of isolates were isolated from blood culture (33 isolates) and the lowest number of isolates were isolated from urine samples (1 isolate). Also, the highest frequency of samples was reported from the emergency department with 32 samples (63.8%) and the lowest frequency was reported from the ENT and oncology departments, each with 1 sample (0.8%). All isolates were 100% resistant to imipenem and meropenem due to the inherent resistance of this bacterium to carbapenems, which was a confirmation in the identification of this bacterium. The highest sensitivity to the antibiotics levofloxacin, minocycline and cotrimoxazole was observed with a frequency of 90%, 88% and 84%, respectively. The highest resistance to the antibiotic ceftazidime was observed, which was reported as 88%. In this study, 70% of the strains produced strong biofilms.
Conclusion: In this study, we saw an increase in hospital infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in clinical samples of Qazvin hospitals. Knowledge of the frequency of opportunistic pathogens causing hospital infections and the microbial sensitivity of isolates leads to control of infections caused by these pathogens, proper treatment of infections and reduction of mortality in hospitalized patients. Fortunately, in this study, the isolates had high sensitivity to fluoroquinolone family antibiotics and antimetabolites.

Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients Referred to Razi Hospital, Ilam
Gholamreza Nouri, Sobhan Ghafourian, Golnaz Nosratpour,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of human infection. Most infected individuals develop chronic active gastritis, which can lead to gastric ulcers, atrophic gastritis, gastric cancer, and gastric MALT lymphoma. Antibiotic resistance is a multifaceted problem and encompasses medical, social, economic, and anthropological domains. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains in clinical settings has raised concerns among public health authorities. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin in the gastroenterology clinic of Razi Hospital, Ilam.
Materials and Methods:  This is a descriptive study conducted over a period of 1 year on patients suspected of having infection caused by Helicobacter pylori who were diagnosed and treated in Razi Hospital as an inpatient or outpatient. In this study, a group of 50 people suspected of having gastrointestinal infections were selected for endoscopy. The obtained categorical data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests, while continuous variables (age) were analyzed using Student’s t-test in SPSS software, with a significance level of P<0.05.
Results: A total of 50 patients were studied. None of the 50 patients had taken antibiotics during the previous month. Of these, 25 (50%) were men and the rest were women. The mean age of men in this study was higher than that of women, but this difference was not statistically significant (P-value=0.097). Of the 50 samples collected, 13 were confirmed as Helicobacter pylori based on a combination of positive rapid urease test (RUT), culture, biochemical testing, and genotypic verification via PCR. The PCR test result in all 13 cases was positive. Thus, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among patients who had referred to the hospital with gastrointestinal symptoms was 26%. In addition, the test result did not differ statistically significant according to the patient’s gender. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance testing showed that all 13 samples studied (100%) were resistant to metronidazole and amoxicillin. Ten out of 13 samples (76.9%) were resistant to tetracycline and levofloxacin, and 12 samples (92.3%) were resistant to clarithromycin. 
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that H.pylori resistance to metronidazole and amoxicillin is high, and resistance to clarithromycin is also significant. Therefore, the choice of treatment regimen should be guided by local resistance patterns. Due to the small number of positive isolates, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution, and larger studies are required for generalization. 

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