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Showing 2 results for Bioavailability
The Cytotoxicity and Pro-Apoptotic Effect of Ligustilide (Z-Ligustilide) on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells and HDF1BOM Human Fibroblast Cells by Using MTT and Annexin Tests
Saeid Mirzaeian, Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti,
Volume 15, Issue 2 (5-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women. The effect of ligustilide - isolated from the Kelussia on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line compared with human fibroblast cell line (HDF1BOM) was evaluated in the present study.
Materials and Methods: MCF-7 and HDF1BOM cell lines were treated for 48 and 72 hours with different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml) of Z-ligustilide ((ligustilide (Z)-3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide)). Then, bioavailability was analyzed by ELISA reader using MTT kit and Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit in two times. Statistical analysis was accomplished by ANOVA and Huynh-Feldt tests using SPSS and FlowJo software. 
Results: The results of MTT test showed reduce bioavailability of MCF-7 cell line in all concentrations (from 70.60% in 50 mg/ml to 6.80% in 200 mg/ml  (for 48 h of treatment), from 61.95% in 50 mg/ml  to 5.84% in 200 mg/ml  (for 72 h of treatment)). Also, the results of the Annexin test showed that the induction of apoptosis is not time and concentration dependent manner, and it had increased in most groups. highest percentage of apoptosis were; 98.3% in 50 mg/ml (for 48 h of treatment), and 97.4 % in 100 mg/ml  (for 72 h of treatment). The results of MTT test showed reduce bioavailability of HDF1BOM cell line in both times compared to the control group (from 97.24% in 50 mg/ml  to 5.97% in 200 mg/ml  (for 48 h of treatment), from 90.93% in 50 mg/ml  to 5.26% in 200 mg/ml (for 72 h of treatment)). Also, according to the results of Annexin, early apoptotic cells show a higher percentage (4.21% in 150 mg/ml (for 48 h of treatment), 1.67% in 200 mg/ml  (for 72 h of treatment)). Ligustilide did not show considerable cytotoxicity in HDF1BOM cells.
Conclusion: Due to the fact that ligustilide has an inhibitory effect on the growth, proliferation and invasion of cancer cells by inducting apoptosis, it seems that ligustilide can be used to reduce cell proliferation of breast cancer.

Effect of citric acid on Bioavailability and apoptosis induction in human colorectal Adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29)
Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti, Leila Rouhi, Mehdi Aalmomen,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Colorectal adenocarcinoma is one of the common causes of death due to weak response to common therapies. In this study, the effect of citric acid on bioavailability and apoptosis of the human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT29) was examined. Citric acid is a naturally organic acid that commonly found in citrus and is considered as a physiological inhibitor of enzymes involved in glycolysis pathway to remove cancer cells.
Materials and Methods: In this study, HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml concentrations of citric acid and incubated at 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. Cell growth was analyzed by MTS kit and apoptosis was analyzed three times by flow- cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturers protocol.
Results: The results of bioavailability of treated HT-29 cells with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using the MTS assay showed that, bioavailability of HT-29 cell line decreased at all concentrations of citric acid in a time dependent manner. Also, the results of the apoptosis induction in treated HT-29 cell line with different concentrations (400, 800 and 1600 μg/ml) of citric acid, after trinary incubation time (24, 48 and 72 hours) using Annexin V-FITC/PI test showed that the percentage of the early and late apoptosis cells increased with increasing citric acid concentration and incubation time, which increased the percentage of apoptosis compared to the control group is significant in all three times of 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Conclusion: The results indicate that citric acid can reduce the bioavailability of colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis pathway. 

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