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Examining Cell Wall Proteins In Candida Albicans And Candida Dubliniensis By Using Sodium DodecyleSulphate Gel Electrophoresis & Modified Staining Method
Seyed Amir Yazdanparast, Seyedeh Shahrzad Mahdavi Nezarati, Fariba Heshmati, Samira Jahangiri, Zohreh Zarei,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Candida species are among the most common causes of opportunistic fungal diseases. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is responsible for most infections. Having many strains, C.albicans is highly polymorph. C. dubliniensis is very similar to albicans species both morphologically and physiologically. For an infection to occur, cell wall proteins play an important role as they enable yeasts to adhere to host cells and begin pathogenesis. Therefore, we decided to extract these proteins and examine them through molecular methods of protein analysis. Finally we came up with the idea of a modified staining in our analysis.

Materials and Methods: Initially cell wall proteins of two C. albicansstrains (CBS 562 & PTCC6027) and one C. dubliniensis strain (CBS 7987) were extracted by using a solution of beta-mercaptoethanol and ammonium carbonate. After dialysis, SDS gel electrophoresis was performed on the protein extract. Bands were then visualized by using three different staining methods among which one method was modified by us.

Results: By using Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining method, proteins with molecular weight of 42, 66.2 and 200 kDa were detected. By using Silver staining method, proteins with molecular weight of 21.5, 28.5 and 37 kDa were detected. However, using combined staining methods visualized more bands resulting improved detection.

Conclusion: To answer many questions about fungal diseases, fungi cell wall proteins are necessary to be examined. A simple method to enhance such molecular studies is the use of a modified staining method that combines both Coomassie Brilliant Blue and Silver staining.


Candida Flora Colonization And Its Complications In Patients With Down Syndrome 
Mehrdad Asadi, Hossein Nowrozi, Abdulhasan Kazemi, Mehraban Flahati, Ali Kazemi, Mohammad Adibpour, Khosro Sedigh Bayan, Seyed Amir Yazdanparast,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (5-2012)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Candida spp can colonize in oral cavity in immunocompromised patients and can lead to candidiasis. Because of immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome, this study aimed at the colonization rate of candida spp in the mouths of such patients.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 53 patients with Down syndrome (29 males and 24 females) within the age range of 4-31 years (mean age: 11.1 years) and supported by the welfare organization, Tabriz branch.
The samples were taken from the dorsal and buccal parts of tongues using sterile swabs, and were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA+ Chloramphenicol) and corm candida agar.
Determination of candida species was based on phenotype characteristics and chlamydoconidia production in Corn Meal Agar containing Tween 80.

Results: Altogether 60 isolates of candida spp were isolated from 46 positive patients [26 males (56.52%) and 20 females (43.48%)]. C.albicans with 35 cases (66.03%) were the most frequent isolate and C.dubliniensis with 9 cases (16.98%), C.krusei with 7 cases (13.20%), C.globrata with 5 cases (9.43%) and C.tropicalis with 4 cases (7.54%) were the following ranks. In 12 patients (22.4%), there were more than one species of candida in their oral cavity.

Conclusion: Due to the immunocompromised condition in patients with Down syndrome caused by a decrease in IgA and the activity of H2O2 (main destructive agent of C.albicans), the necessity of colonization rate of Candida in such patients is recommended.


The Synergistic Effect of Ketoconazole and Probiotic Bifidobacterium Bifidum on Isolated Composition of Expression of Candida Albicans Als Gene Biofilm from Oral Samples
Mina Rezaei, Sedigheh Mehrabian, Kiumars Amini,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Candida albicans has numerous virulence factors such as the agglutinin-like sequence(ALS) genes which code the large glycoprotein family that has a role in the adherence of Candida. The present study was to observe the synergistic effect of ketoconazole and probiotic composition of Bifidobacterium bifidum on expression of C. albicans als gene biofilm isolated from oral samples.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 12 clinical isolates of C. albicans were collected from oral periodontal infection in patients referred to dental clinic in Kerman. The MIC and FIC values for each treatment(keto and probiotic alone and keto-probiotic composition) were obtained using micro broth dilution method. Finally, a real-time PCR test was performed to evaluate the level of ASL gene expression in the strains and the results were analyzed using the 2-ΔΔct  method.
Results: The results showed that the combination of ketoconazole and bifidobacterium bifidum had synergistic effects. The results of this study showed that the effect of Ketoconazole(keto), B.bifidum(probiotic) alone and the effects of ketoconazole+Bifidobacterium(keto+pro) were 1.47, 1.61 and 1.29 times, reduced the als gene, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that synergistic effects between ketoconazole and probiotic B. bifidum have been shown to reduce als gene expression(biofilm production). Therefore, it is recommended to administer probiotic supplementation with ketoconazole in the treatment of candidal infections.

Evaluation of Antifungal Effect of Alcoholic Extract of Achillea Millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi Against Candida albicans Isolated from Denture Stomatitis
Nazli Ebrahim Netaj, Maryam Rezaei Dastjerdi, Saham Ansari, Kamran Amirian Chayjan, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Jalal Jafarzadeh, Akbar Hossein Nejad, Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki,
Volume 16, Issue 4 (10-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Denture stomatitis is the most prevalent oral mucosal lesion among denture wearers. Because there have been multiple reports of resistance of Candida species to antifungal drugs in the last two decades, if the antifungal properties of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi are validated, these compounds may be a suitable adjuvant drug along with the use of common antifungal drugs. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi against Candida albicans isolated from denture stomatitis.
Materials and Methods: Antifungal sensitivity of 50 isolates of C. albicans with the origin of denture stomatitis to the alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi plants as well as the antifungal drugs miconazole and nystatin was determined by broth microdilution method and according to CLSI-M27S4 guidelines. The range of dilution for all compounds was 0.016-16 μg/ml. A concentration of compounds that showed at least 50% growth inhibition as compared to the positive control group was considered MIC (minimum growth inhibitory concentration). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software and the significance level was considered as P<0.05.
Results: The MIC ranges in microbroth dilution method for the antifungal drugs miconazole, nystatin, as well as the alcoholic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi plants on C. albicans, were close to each other, indicating that their effectiveness against C. albicans species does not differ significantly (P<0.05). The Achillea millefolium methanolic extract had the highest and lowest MIC values, with an average of 2.67±2.55 μg/ml and 0.067±0.057 μg/ml, respectively. A significant difference (P<0.001) was observed when the MICs outcomes the herbal alcoholic extracts and antifungal drugs were compared.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained MICs, Achillea millefolium and Trachyspermum ammi alcoholic plant extracts have a lesser efficacy than the antifungal drugs, but even though they may have a lower MIC and more effectiveness than other chemical drugs.

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