Showing 10 results for Children
A Akbari, Mr Pourmand, Mk Sharifi Yazdi, M Hosseini, Mm Soltan Dallal,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) strains include a group of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) and are known to cause shigellosis-like symptoms in both adults and children. They belong to a limited number of serotypes and their somatic (O) antigens are identical with, or related to, certain Shigella antigens. EIEC strains are confirmed by demonstration of invasiveness by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of the ipaH (invasive plasmid antigen H) gene that is specific for these strains among DEC.Since in our country,Iran study for detection of these strains. hasnot been carried out therefore the aim of this study was detection of EIEC in diarrheal under 5 year old children in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: During the descriptive study,300stool samples were collected from children with diarrhea in Ali Asghar Hospital and children medicinal center of Tehran during 4 months (April-Jul 2008). E.coli species were isolated by standard bacteriological and biochemical tests. Presence of invasive plasmid antigen H (ipaH) gene in confirmed colonies was investigated by PCR technique.
Results: Among 300 stool specimens studied using culture method and biochemical tests,39(13%) E.coli species were isolated. Among these 39 strains,7(2.3%) strains containing ipaH gene (EIEC) were detected by PCR technique.
Conclusions: Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) in our country, Iran, may be as bacterial pathogen causing childhood diarrhea. Therefore we should apply new techniques for investigation of these strains.
Sina Moradmand, Mohammad Reza Ganji, Ali Pasha Meysami, Zahra Akbari, Seyede Zoha Mirkhani, Narges Tabrizchi, Zahra Mokhtari,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: High blood pressure in children, especially in developing countries is growing. Birth weight, age and anthropometric parameters such as current height and weight as factors in childhood hypertension and adolescents have been considered. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in children school and it's correlation with birth weight and current height and weight.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, between 2006-2008 among 1195924 students in Tehran's schools, 2040 individuals were selected by multistage random sampling method. Inclusion criteria were age 6 to 19 years, physical health and having health card. The twins, students with hypertensive and smoker mothers were excluded. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software version 16. The multiple regression analysis equation was used to determine the predictors of blood pressure levels.
Results: 69 students(3.4%), including 4.84% of girls and 3.5% of boys had high blood pressure(p=0.14). Significant direct correlation between age, current weight, current height, and body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found. However, birth weight has a weak reverse linear correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure(respectively=-0.152 and r=-0.111, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Attention to Current size, especially Current weight with consideration to birth weight can be helpful to predict blood pressure in adulthood. This is important in monitoring the weight and blood pressure in children, especially child with an abnormal birth weight and overweight children.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Hossein Dargahi, Fariborz Mehrani, Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi, Abbas Rahimi Forushani, Seyed Asghar Miremadi,
Volume 6, Issue 6 (3-2013)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Dental caries in children caused by repeatable consumption of sweet product especially at night, that itself mostly depend on economic and cultural background of the society and family.
One of the most common diseases of human being is dental caries, which are caused by many factors, such as microorganisms, dieting, passing time, and the host itself. Among the microorganisms Streptococci mutants play the major role in causing dental caries. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of Streptococci mutants in dental caries between two groups of children sensitive and resistance to caries.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional research, in which 120 children(60 susceptible and 60 resistance) aged between 3 to 5 referred to Tehran University dental school were selected randomly. The selection criteria for the sensitive and resistance dental caries were dmfs > 5 and dmfs < 10 respectively. None of the groups had used any drug or fluoride products before sampling. Saliva of both groups were collected, and transferred to the specific culture media(Mitis Salivarious Agar). After incubation at 37 oC colonies of S.mutans were counted.
Results: There was a significant difference between the number of colony counting(cfu/ml) with age and consumption of repeated sugar product, while. there was no significant difference between(cfu/ml) sex, oral hygiene, and nutrition period during infancy.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the consumption of sugar product in childhood results in dental carries.
Abolfazl Kalantari , Farhad Zaker, Shahla Ansari Damavandi , Heydar Sharafi , Seyed Amir Yazdanparast ,
Volume 8, Issue 5 (1-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients show differences in serum levels and toxicity associated with methotrexate after its treatment. Pharmacogenetics is an important determining factor for these differences. In this study, the effect of +452 C / T and -401C / T polymorphisms of GGH gene on serum levels and toxicity associated with methotrexate was studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of +452C / T and -401C / T polymorphisms of GGH gene on methotrexate level in serum and its associated toxicity in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, the frequency of the above polymorphisms was investigated for the first time in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The prevalence of these polymorphisms was assessed in 83 Iranian patients with ALL using PCR and RFLP. The relationship between the polymorphism and serum methotrexate levels and its toxicity was estimated by calculating the Odds Ratio.
Results: No correlation was found between +452CT polymorphism and serum levels of methotrexate and methotrexate-related toxicity. -401CT polymorphism was found to be correlated with methotrexate-related toxicity leading to thrombocytopenia (95% CI= 0.009-0.019, odds ratio=0.265) and leukopenia (95% CI = 0.021-0.042, odds ratio = 2.182) in consolidation phase of the treatment.
Conclusion: Evaluation of patients for methotrexate-related polymorphism of GGH gene may be useful in selecting the appropriate dose of methotrexate and reducing the toxic side effects associated with its administration.
Hossein Panahi, Seyed Ali Aleemran,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study aimed to assess the impact of trade openness and vaccination on child mortality under five because the mortality of under-five-year-old children is one of the most important indexes of health and development.
Materials and Methods: Using an Eviews6 software, this study is doing a causal-analytic approach by exhausting a Johansen-Juselius method over the period of first quarter of 1984 to forth quarter of 2013, in Iran.
Results: Coefficients for each of the variables in the model were consistent with the theoretical bases. Based on the findings of the study, the increase of one unit in each of the variables of DTP vaccine and trade openness leads to the decrease of child mortality as much as 0.23 and 4.36 units, respectively. Also, the results based on error correction model indicate that in each period, about 0.04 of short-run imbalances is adjusted to achieve a long-term balance.
Conclusion: Since the increase of vaccination and trade openness reduce the mortality of under-five-year-old children, it is suggested that the immunization of children be trained in all parts of the country so that we can achieve high rates of growth and development by the delivery of healthy factors of production to the society. Moreover, by increasing trade relations and dealings with other countries, we can prepare the grounds for the entry of new knowledge and medical equipment as well as health promotion and human development.
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal , Bahram Nikmanesh, Mohammad Taghi Haghi-Ashtiani , Arash Okazi , Mohammad Kazem Sharifi Yazdi ,
Volume 11, Issue 5 (1-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In today’s world, antibiotic resistance is inevitable. This has been the case since the discovery of antibiotics. The aim of this research is to study serotyping and multiple antibiotic resistance pattern of Shigella sonnei isolated from diarrheal stool of patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 600 diarrheal stool specimens were obtained from patients hospitalized in Children’s Medical Center in Tehran over a period of twelve months. The stool samples were collected in Cary-Blair transport medium and transferred to the laboratory. The identification was carried out according to the standard cultivation method, and the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kerry Bauer disk method according to with CLSI procedure.
Results: Out of 600 samples, only 18 (3%) were found to be contaminated with Shigella sonnei. The results of antibiotic resistance patterns of these isolates showed that they were resistant to tetracycline; streptomycin, clindamycin and cortimoxazol. Furthermore, 66.67% of isolates had multiple resistance to tetracycline, cortimoxazol, streptomycin, ticarcillin and clindamycin antibiotics.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that multiple resistance of Shigella sonnei to tested antibiotics is increasing. This is alarming; necessary steps should be taken to prevent such a phenomenon.
Rashin Bahmanabadi , Mohammad Bagher Khalili , Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) pathotypes belong to Enterobacteriaceae family that is known as the cause of gastroenteritis and diarrhea in under-5-year-old children. These bacteria have high prevalence in developed and developing countries that may cause severe illness or even death. The aim of this study was to examine EPEC prevalence in diarrheal samples of children under 5 years -- caused by the country’s food -- by PCR method.
Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 45diarrheal samples of children suffering from country food outbreaks were transferred to the Department of Microbiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). E. coli strain was identified using standard methods and biochemical tests. For the detection of Enteropathogenic E. coli, the presence of eae gene was checked by PCR method, and serologic test using specific antiserum (Mast company, England) was checked by agglutination method on slide.
Results: Of the 45 outbreaks, 28 Escherichia coli were identified, among which 1 isolate (3.6%) was identified as E. coli EPEC. This isolate contained eae gene. Based on the serological response of somatic antigen (O) and flagella (H), the isolated Escherichia coli serotype was EPEC O119B14.
Conclusion: Although the prevalence of EPEC E. coli in children’s diarrheal samples from food outbreaks is low, the presence of these isolates is important and should be considered.
Mohammad Tasavon Gholamhoseini, Mohsen Barouni, Nooshin Afsharzadeh, Mohammad Jafar Isirizi,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the common problems of children all over the world is short stature. Due to the high costs of treatment, the present research studied the cost-effectiveness of growth hormone (Somatropin) for the treatment of children with short stature in Kerman Province.
Materials and Methods: This research is an economic evaluation. The population of the study consisted of all persons who had medical records in the health insurance office of Kerman province, of whom 49 were selected as samples. The cost was calculated from the perspectives of patients and insurers. This information was collected through a researcher-made form by interviewing the patients and reviewing the records of health insurance office. To calculate the outcomes, QALY and Increase in Height were used. For cost effectiveness analysis, the ICER formula and TreeAge software were employed and compared with a threshold of 3 times GDP per capita.
Results: The findings showed that the share of patients' treatment costs was 5,092,964,520 and the expenses of Health Insurance Organization of Kerman province was 71,175,443,448 rials. Based on Qaly criterion, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 743,133 and 9,846,567 rials from the perspective of the patient and of the health insurance organization, respectively. Sensitivity analysis of non-deterministic parameters of the model showed that they had no effect on the cost-effectiveness of treatment with growth hormone.
Conclusion: According to the results, the treatment of short-stature children with growth hormone is cost-effective, and this result can be considered by health system policy makers.
Fatemeh Setoodehzadeh, Azar Abolpur, Kosar Rezaei, Mehdi Mohammadi, Mohammad Khammarnia, Farnaz Keykhah, Mostafa Peyvand,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Children’s health is important as the future builders of society. Many children under 5 years of age around the world and in Iran have growth disorders. Due to the importance of growth disorder and its impact on the development, learning and future of the child, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the frequency of deviations from the growth curves of children under 5 years of age and related factors in Zahedan city.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2020 in Zahedan. The study population included all children under 5 years old, born in Zahedan between 2013 and 2020 that 784 of whom were selected by random sampling method. To determine the factors related to growth disorder multiple logistic regression analysis was used and to check the significance level, chi-square test and Pearson correlation were used. In this research, the data were analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: The results of this research showed that 54% of the boys and 51.20% of the girls had growth disorders. Between child growth disorder and maternal chronic disease (P<0.05), maternal body mass index (P<0.05), Maternal weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.05), distance between births (P<0.05) maternal urinary tract infection during pregnancy (P<0.05), mother’s age (P=0.006), mother’s education (P<0.05), birth weight (P<0.001), birth order (P<0.05), father’s occupation (P<0.05) and father’s education (P<0.05) a significant association was found. In the present study, the average birth weight in children with growth disorders was 2.75±0.58 and in healthy children was 2.95±0.57, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). The average age of mothers of children with growth disorders was 29.19±6.07 and the average age of mothers of healthy children was 27.98±6.10, this difference was statistically significant (P=0.006).
Conclusion: Growth disorder is a multi-causal complication. Risk factors can be corrected and prevented by developing health education and increasing mothers’ awareness and knowledge. Also, the father’s job and literacy are effective in the child’s growth disorder, so Increasing community health literacy and encouraging fathers’ learning and literacy can partially prevent growth disorders in children.
Sanam Lotfi, Reza Safdari, Dr Kurosh Jafarian,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Nutrition recommender systems are one of the most prominent technologies in the field of nutrition informatics that help users to have a healthy diet. These systems are able to suggest the most appropriate foods and meal plans considering the child's physical condition. Considering that children are the most vulnerable age group, one of the most important health goals in the early years of a child's life is achieving balanced and correct nutrition, and as a result this study was conducted with the aim of designing, creating and evaluating a children's nutrition recommendation system.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in 2022 in three stages to assess the needs of the informational elements of the nutrition recommender application. First, in order to determine data capabilities of the program, data needs analysis has been done. In the following, based on the needs assessment, the application was designed and its final version was created. The application was created in the Android Studio environment and then its technical applicability was done using the Nielsen questionnaire by 5 medical informatics and health information management experts.
Results: The required information capabilities of the program were determined and after the statistical analysis of the questionnaire, most of the items raised in it were deemed necessary by the experts participating in the research with a high percentage (90%) and were included in the application program. Then the design and creation of the nutrition recommender application for children 1 to 5 years old was done in the Android Studio programming environment. Finally, the use of Nielsen's exploratory evaluation questionnaire and its technical applicability were evaluated by experts. The average severity of the problems related to Nielsen's ten principles was 1.3, which is classified as minor problems.
Conclusion: Using the nutrition recommender application will be a useful solution to increase parents' awareness of the child's growth status in terms of age, height and head circumference. This program has improved nutritional health, improved mental health, and better growth of children and will play a significant role in preventing the occurrence of diseases by using appropriate nutritional recommendations.
