Journal of

Background and Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic, chronic and inflammatory disease. It is characterized by the symmetric synovitis  of the articules of the extremities. Its major cause is unknown.
Immunological factors including Rheumatoid factor (RF) are considered as more confirming Cause. To date Rheumatoid factor is consisted of many antibodies which are produced against the constant region of IgG. Its causes are not known. This factor is not detected in the healthy people. In the patients with positive rheumatoid factor the probability of a disease would increase seriously. The goal of this study is evaluation of VDRL test in rheumatoid arthritis.

Materials and Methods : Serum Samples were obtained from 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis from loghman hospital. We selected 70 serum samples from the blood donating healthy people.
The serum samples were kept in the Capped vials in - 20ºc freezer. Within two week, VDRL serologic tests were done on serum samples.

Results : The patients were 49 females and 21 males. In the female group 79.6% had negative response and 20.4% had positive response.
In the male patients 66.7% had negative response and 33.3% had positive response. Positive tests were much more in males. In healthy people only 4 ones has positive VDRL test.(5.7%), versus 17 positive VDRL test in patient group (25.3%). In the normal group, 94.3% had negative test versus 75.7% in the patient group.

Discussion : The difference between two groups was statistically Significant (p<0.01). The result of this study shows that VDRL test would be helpful in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Background and Aim: Evaluation for STIs requires speculum examination. It is sometimes uncomfortable and rejected by many patients. Speculum examination often is impractical or not available in remote areas. Recently, it is possible to omit the speculum examination and noninvasively diagnose for Chlamydia and gonorrheal infections from urine sample. This comparison study was conducted by collected vaginal specimens directly without performing a speculum examination for the diagnosis of trichomonas infections.The aim of this study was comparison of two methods of vaginal discharge collection with and without speculum examination for diagnosis of the trichomonas infection.

Materials and Methods: We examined 100 patients with vaginal discharge to the gynecology clinic of the Taleghani hospital. Two vaginal swab were collected from vaginal discharge of patients before and during speculum examination for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Both of vaginal specimens were tested with blinded microscopic. Compared collection methods sensitivities, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of both methods was compared.

Results: Sensitivities, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of speculum collection methods were 69%, 99%, 92% ,94% and 93% for trichomoniasis respectively. Sensitivities, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of nonspeculum collection methods were 62.5%, 99%, 91%, 93% and 92% for trichomoniasis respectively. The differences between methods was not statistically significant (P= NS). There was a very good agreement between both methods for diagnosis of trichomoniasis (KAPPA= o.85).

Conclusions: We have demonstrated the benefit of  nonspeculum vaginal specimens for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. This technique has applicability for studies involving the epidemiology of vaginal infection as well as for home diagnostic testing ,elder and pregnant women respectively.

Background and Aim: Diagnosis is an implement of organizational development. The main objective of this study was to diagnosis the TUMS by using Six Box Model of the Weisbord to identify in which areas of this model Purposes, Structure, Leadership, Rewards, Relationships, Helpful Mechanisms and Attitude toward Change is more vulnerable.
Materials and Methods: The research was descriptive and the statistical population included five hospital staff subset of TUMS. Out of 280 questionnaires we received 220 completed ones. For data gathering we used standard questionnaire of the Weisbord which was estimated as both reliable and valid. By the use of Cronbach alpha coefficient, reliability coefficients was obtained equal to 0.85. Also, questionnaire was confirmed by 5 faculty members in terms of nominal and content validity. The data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: All the variables except rewarding and Attitude toward Change had significant changes p<0/05 thus the H0 for Purposes, Structure, Leadership, Relationships and Helpful Mechanisms were rejected. These variables stay in acceptable condition. However there was a significant difference between Relationships and rewarding; considering their T-Value it could be concluded that Relationships situation was desirable (T=3/62) but rewarding situation was undesirable (T=5/70).
Conclusion: The findings conclude that TUMS, currently the most appropriate situation was in communication and the most inappropriate situation was rewarding. Also other aspects are between these two conditions. Also, rewarding area needs planning to increase employee satisfaction.