Showing 9 results for Economic
Ma Abbasimoghadam, S Dabiran, R Safdari, K Jafarian,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (2-2008)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Aging is a physiological process that is an unavoidable property of life. Decline in some dimensions of aging such as activity, income, health care and changes in life style are associated with increased risk of physical and mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between living areas and the demographic characteristics of elderly people in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: A cross - sectional / analytical study was conducted. The sample was consisted of 5600 elderly people and data was collected by using a questionnaire All analyses were undertaken using SPSS (Version 11.5).
Results: The results of this study showed that more 50% of subjects were illiterate and 30.5% of the were in schooling level. 62% of them reported at least one disease. We found significant differences between residences of north and south regions of Tehran for many of investigated variables.
Conclusion: These findings indicated that we need to pay more attention to elderly status specially those who are living in southern region.
Ghr Veghari, Hr Joshaghani, Sa Hoseini, Sm Sedaghat, F Nik Nezhad, Ah Angizeh, E Tazik, P Maharloei,
Volume 3, Issue 3 (3-2010)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cardiovascular disease is the first and for most factor for mortality in adults and hypercholesterolemia (HC) is a susceptible agent for them. The main objective of this study is to determine the of prevalence of HC and some risk factors related to it in adults in Golestan province in 2006.
Materials and Methods: This is a Crossectional-Descriptive study based on population and 1995 cases (997 men and 998 woman) between 25- 65 years old, were chosen by cluster and stratify sampling in Golestan adult population. We interviewed all the cases and determined anthropometric and biochemical indexes. Data was analyzed by SPSS.14 software. HC was defined as serum cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl.
Results: Mean age was 39.2 year and mean ±SD of serum cholesterol in men and women was 196.7±39.11 and 209.4± 42.9 respectively. Prevalence of HC showed significant deference between men (44.7%) and women (57%) (P<0.05). There is a significant difference between age groups, region, physical activity and BMI in the mean value of serum cholesterol (P<0.01) but regarding economic status it is not significant. Prevalence of HC in abdominal obese and healthy group is 63.2% and 41% respectively and statistical difference is significant (P<0.05). The people of Golestan province consume fruits , vegetables and fish 4.84, 3.65 and 2 days in a week respectively and vegetable and fish are consumed more in HC group than in non- HC group. The consumption of hydrogenated oil, liquid oil and other type of oils is 85.4% ,14% and 0.7% respectively, and in HC people the intake of liquid oil is slightly higher than others, but statistical differences is not significant.
Conclusions: HC is one of the most health problems in Golestan province and women suffer from it more then men. Life style and food behavior are two risk factors for it. Thereby correction of food and social behavior can decline incidence of cardiovascular disease.
Mehdi Basakha, Kazem Yavari , Hosein Sadeghi, Alireza Naseri ,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The recently emerged symptoms of population aging
have raised serious concerns in some developed countries. A recent report by the
United Nations (UN) indicates that aging is more rapidly growing and is even more
serious in developing countries than it is in certain other countries. Therefore, this
study is aimed to determine the impression of aging on non-oil economic growth.
Materials and Methods: A simple economic growth model was built which
would take demographic variables into account. Then, using the country's data for
the years 1967-2011, the researchers tried to estimate autoregressive distributed
lags (ADL). The short- and long-term models, and error correction model were
estimated using Microfit 4.0 software.
Results: The findings show that physical capital, human capital and trade
openness have a significant positive effect on per capita income, both in the long
and in the short run. Similarly, the regression analysis indicates that “Ageing
Index” may have a significant effect on economic growth in Iran’s non-oil sector.
Conclusion: Due to the young makeup of Iran's population, the signs of aging
economy have not raised sensitiveness but predictions indicate that the aging
process in Iran will be intensified in the coming decades and its negative effects
will emerge in near future. Therefore, due to the long-term effects of aging on
economic growth, working structure and retiredness reform policies, it is vital to
stabilize population growth at an optimal rate, and more importantly, pay attention
to capital storage.
Aziz Rezapour, Farbod Ebadifard Azar, Negar Yusef Zadeh, Fatemeh Hasanpour, Hossein Bagheri Faradonbeh, Saeideh Ansari Nosrati, Zahra Asemaneh , Mohammad Hossein Ghafoori,
Volume 9, Issue 2 (7-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Receiving and using health care services is called
health services uitilization. There are many socio-economic factors including
income, culture, age and education affecting the utilization of the services. This
survey aimed to study socio-economic determinants of health utilization in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population based health
survey done in year 2013. The sample was 792 households living in Tehran. Data
was collected by WHO (households) questionnaire, and analyzed using logistic
model and stata12.
Results: Among the study variables, households' income, presence of a person
with chronic disease, education of the head of the household, and presence of
person older than 60 and younger than 14 in households, had a significant
statistical relationship with utilization. Insurance coverage had a vague and weak
effect on the utilization of health services. Moreover about 23 percent of the
households were not under insurance coverage.
Conclusion: According to the announced policies by the supreme leader of the
Islamic Republic of Iran to the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and by
cconsidering the main focus of these policies on the universal insurance coverage,
households financial security and reform of the payment system identifying
households that utilize more health care services than any others because of any
socio-economic reasons is a considerable step for providing financial security for
vulnerable households and reforming health care system at the national level.
Mehdi Khakian, Javad Neshani Sadabad, Mohammad Hadian, Hosein Ghaderi, Malihe Ram, Yaser Jouyani,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In a severely inflationary environment with unemployment, social problems increase and, therefore, high health care expenses are imposed on the society.
Materials and Methods: This was a correlational study. Panel data model and EVeiws 6 software were used in this study. The data were collected from the World Bank website. The required pre-tests, including F-Limer and Hauseman tests, were given to check the appropriateness of data and to determine a appropriate model. Following the pre-tests, the results were estimated in the form of a regression model.
Results: The results indicated that F-test and t-statistic were significant, and that R2 statistic was high. In the three models, R2 was 99%, 99% and 98%, respectively. Moreover, it can be said that employment is positively related with life expectancy, but negatively related with infant mortality and total fertility rate. Also, inflation is negatively related with life expectancy, but positively related with infant mortality, and total fertility rate. Finally, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is negatively related with total fertility rate and life expectancy, but has no meaningful relationship with infant mortality (p = 0.31).
Conclusion: Employment, inflation and GDP are the variables that have the greatest impact on health indicators. however, life expectancy is more sensitive to explanatory variables.
Soraya Nouraei Motlagh, Parvaneh Heidari Orojlo, Farhad Lotfi, Marita Mohammadshahi , Nasrin Shaarbafchi Zadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (5-2016)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer disease is one of the main problems of Iranian health system. It is after Cardiovascular diseases and accidents, the third leading cause of death in Iran. In many countries, differences in socio-economic status have been linked with the incidence of disease, death and in general, health inequalities. The aim of this study is to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with the incidence of leukemia in Iran.
Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was done with panel data modeling, including information related to 30 provinces of Iran from 2004 to 2009. Socioeconomic data were collected from provincial statistical yearbooks and data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leukemia cancer per 100,000 populations were obtained from published reports by Iran Cancer Registry.
Results: The results showed that the leukemia incidence in men and in women during the period under review has been upward. The highest and lowest incidence of leukemia was in Yazd and Sistan provinces, respectively. Direct relationship between unemployment rate, urbanization ratio, and human development index with cancer incidence rate was evident in this study.
Conclusion: The increase of leukemia cancer in Iran has been confirmed by the current study. Leukemia cancer was significantly higher among provinces with higher socioeconomic status. This should be considered for planning support.
Mojtaba Ghiasi, Ahmad Sarlak, Hadi Ghafari,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In the past studies, few researchers have addressed the simultaneous effects of human capital in health and education indicators on the economic growth of the country, and especially, provinces of the country. Therefore, the current study examined the simultaneous effects of human capital in health and education indicators on the economic growth in Iran s’ Provinces
Materials and Methods: This was an applied, analytical, descriptive study, and the research community consisted of the country's provinces. The data were collected through documentary-library research and from the databases of Iran Office for National Statistics, and Central Bank; afterwards, they were analyzed via unit-root and chow tests, using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Eviews 9.
Results: The results showed that each percent of rise in family health expenditure, fertility rate, and life expectancy increased the provincial economic growth by 0.033%, 0.71%, and 1.83% respectively. In addition, 1% rise in mortality rate decreased the provincial economic growth by 0.43%. Educational expenditure influenced the provincial economic growth by a coefficient of 0.08, and credit capital asset acquisition, by a coefficient of 0.048.
Conclusion: Human capital is considered a long-term investment in health and education sectors which should be an important priority on the agenda of provincial policymakers.
Mahdi Shahraki, Simin Ghaderi,
Volume 13, Issue 2 (7-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the high level of out-of-pocket payments for health expenditures and the importance of household health expenditure management, this study aimed to investigate socioeconomic factors affecting Iranian urban households’ health expenditures.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and applied study was conducted cross-sectionally at national level with microeconomic approach. The sample included 18809 urban households living in Iran's provinces in 2016; they were selected by three-stage sampling method. Data were collected by the household income-expenditure questionnaire of Statistical Center of Iran (SCI). The results were evaluated in Stata 14 software using Heckman two-step method.
Results: The results showed that socioeconomic factors such as increasing of income and insurance expenditures, having insurance, number of employed people, head's literacy, increasing of per capita expenditures of tobacco and education led to an increase in household health expenditures. Mother-headed households had lower health expenditures than others; and head of household’s age, household size, and the presence of elderly persons led to an increase in household health expenditures.
Conclusion: Household socio-economic factors not only affected the decision to enter health market but also influenced the purchase of goods and health services and inequality in health sector. Therefore, certain policies are essential to improve the socio-economic status towards reducing inequality in health sector; such a thing can be achieved through employment creation, growth of income, investment in education, and increase of insurance coverage.
Rajabali Daroudi, Mahmoud Zamandi,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (1-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The role of accurate information in decision-making and programs implementation has highlighted the need to design an appropriate costing system. The present study aimed to estimate the cost of student Training in the Department of Health Management and Economics at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences using activity-based costing.
Materials and Methods: This research was an applied, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. In this study, all information was collected through interviews with seven officials, financial and administrative staff, and also by using available documents in the faculty. To analyze the costs, the administrative and educational sections were classified into three levels including overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and, using appropriate bases and Microsoft Excel 2013 software, costs of overhead, middle, and final activity centers, and finally, the total cost of each student was calculated.
Results: In this study, the total cost of education for each Ph.D. and master’s student in the department of health management and economics was estimated as 1.95 billion and 376 million IR Rials, respectively. So that the cost of each year of Ph.D. and master’s student education was 433 and 150 million IR Rials, respectively. Out of the total costs of the Department of Health Management and Economics, only 22% of the costs were related to overhead and middle activity centers, and 78% of the costs were exclusive to the final activity center, and the majority of these costs (97%) were related to the personnel, especially the faculty members.
Conclusion: The cost of training Ph.D. students due to the high coefficient of the degree and thus increasing the importance (cost share) of the field, receiving a scholarship from the Ministry of Health and a longer period of study, was estimated to be about 5 times that of a master’s degree. The Ministry of Health and universities can design and implement targeted research programs with the help of faculty members and graduate students, especially Ph.D. students, to solve problems and improve the health of the community, thus improving resource efficiency and productivity.
