Showing 13 results for Effect
H Dargahi, P Hamouzadeh, J Sadeghifar, M Raadabadi, M Roshani, M Salimi, P Soltanzadeh,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (3-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Identifying criteria of expert teacher and efforts to strengthen and use them in teaching by teachers will enhance the learning process. In this way, one of the important methods is taking the views of students. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of an expert teacher for effective teaching from the viewpoints of allied medical students at Tehran University of Medical Science.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 BSc of allied medical students at were included employing simple random sampling method. Data collection was done employing a self administrated questionnaire. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was calculated. Data analysis was carried out by t-test and SPSS software.
Results: Some criterias like dominance in the scientific subjects (86.8%), power of expression and transmission the training materials (86.2%), respect for students(85.6%), good mood(85%) and work with ethic and sense of responsibility (84.4%) are important criteria for expert teacher. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between gender and field of study and the above-mentioned four domains (p> 0/05).
Conclusion: Teaching ability was the most important factor for teaching process from he view of the students which could be paid attecntion in teachers' assessment program.
Ali Keshtkaran, Alireza Heidari, Peivand Bastani,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Since managers' efficiency depends on their communication skills suitable for their employees, this study was conducted to determine such skills among Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) managers.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 298 SUMS employees working at different departments were selected through simple random sampling technique. The data-collection device was a 21-item questionnaire having 3 parts: verbal skill, effective listening, and feedback communication skills. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical tests employed included Pearson correlation, T-Test and ANOVA, and the level of significance was determined at 0.05.
Results: The respondents' mean age was 32.7 years. Most of them were female, had a bachelor's degree, and worked in logistics department. According to their judgment, their managers had good verbal and effective listening skills, but were average in their feedback. The highest score for communication skills was reported for the students' department and the lowest score for the research department. Older and more experienced employees evaluated their manager's feedback skill (p= 0.001) at a lower level. The statistical test indicated a significant relationship between feedback and level of education (p= 0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that the intermediate level of effective listening and feedback skills are due to the managers' lack of sufficient scientific and practical attention to the issue of communication. Therefore, it is recommended that educational workshops be held for managers to make them familiar with the importance of effective communication skills.
Saeedeh Movahednia, Zeinab Partovishayan , Mahmoud Bastani ,
Volume 8, Issue 1 (5-2014)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Complaint is the expression of dissatisfaction that needs
a response and investigation. It is an effective tool to improve the quality of services. The aim of this study was the survey of complaints,
factors affecting them, and the complaint process in Firoozgar Hospital.
Materials and
Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study. All
registered complaints, such as written, verbal and telephone complaints were
reviewed in 2012. The data were extracted from the complaint forms of Firoozgar
Hospital, which included several parts: personal information, ward name, person
complained of, and explanations about the problem. Then, effective factors in
complaints were classified and then analyzed by descriptive statistics.
Results: The most frequent complaints were related to nurses
(192 cases). Complaints about doctors were 171 cases. Inappropriate communication (23.64%) was at the top of patient complaints and complaints about fees
(14.18%) was the next. Among paraclinical
and support units, installations unit had the highest number of complaints (52
cases).
Conclusion: Since inappropriate communication was the point being complained of
more than any other issue, interventions in this area should be considered. Hospitals should identify the root of problems
systematically.
Tahereh Shafaghat , Mohammad Kazem Rahimi Zarchi , Zahra Kavosi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (11-2015)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The main purpose of all organizations is improving efficiency and effectiveness. One of the barriers of reaching effectiveness is burnout which can be seen as the final outcome of job stress in many professions including nursing. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between effectiveness of nurses and burnout in Shiraz Nemazee hospital.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional study was done among all of the nurses in the Shiraz Nemazee hospital. Two hundred and forty five nurses were selected using random classified sampling method. The data gathering form was standardized questionnaire. Data were entered into SPSS 15 software and the Pearson correlation test was used for data analysis.
Results: The study nurses were at moderate level according to burnout and effectiveness variables. There were positive correlation between “effectiveness” and “target acquisition” and “preservation of the cultural model” dimensions with “lack of individual success” dimension (P<0/05). Also, there was a negative correlation (P<0/05) between burnout in nurses and their effectiveness.
Conclusion: It seems that nurses’ burnout can affect their effective performance so managers can enhance effectiveness of staff performance by providing programs to reduce burnout and its dimensions.
Aziz Rezapour, Ali Sarabi Asiabar, Amir Ali Ebadi Fardazar, Saeid Bagheri , Negar Yusefzadeh, Alireza Mazdaki, Sadigheh Asadi, Mohammad Hossein Ghafoori ,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the assumption that health is as one of the luxury goods, therefore making efforts in reducing health spending and inflation in this section will be ineffective.
But if health is an essential service, then in the national level for better redistribution of the resources and financial protection of the households against the health expenditures will be needed. The main objective of this study was determination of income impact of health care expenditures in Tehran household in years 2011-2012.
Materials and Methods: This study was a population based survey. The instrument of data gathering was a "WHO questionnaire" which was integrated by interview with an acquainted person in each one of the 792 families who live in Tehran. The least ordinary squares, Granger causality test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfery and White heteroskedasticity test were used for data analysis. Eviews 8 software was used for running the tests.
Results: The results showed that heath is a cause for increasing income but the converse is not true. Otherwise, Health with income elasticity equal to 0.25 is an essential service, and is not perceived as luxury goods. Moreover results represented that income is not a good variable for rationalizing the variation of health expenditures.
Conclusion: Health was an essential good, and although income changes affect the expenditures of health care, but the sensitivity is not high and recommended that health policy-makers should in adoption policies such as tariff increases do a comprehensive survey because prices increase are borne by the consumers.
Mahan Mohammadi, Fatemeh Rahi, Marzieh Javadi, Golrokh Atighechian, Alireza Jabbari ,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Almost one out of 10 patients who are admitted in hospitals experience “never events” while researches show that about half of these harms are preventable through the utilization of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA). This study aims to identify and evaluate the risks of care processes in three wards of Alzahra University Hospital of Isfahan and suggest some interventions for reducing these risks.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, which identified high-risk processes using FMEA in respiratory, gastroenterology and rheumatologic wards of Alzahra Hospital during the years 2014-2015. The study population comprised clinical staff members who worked in these three wards and were familiar with clinical care processes. The focus group team was selected through purposive sampling method. Finally, the information was gathered in standard FMEA work sheets and analyzed with SPSS software.
Results: A total of 72 clinical care processes were identified, and the 73.5% of the focus group members rated "blood and its products transfusion process" as the most risky care process. The step "checking the incompatible of patient's information and blood lable and its products" was the most dangerous step (with PRN = 300). The findings showed that human and equipment failures were the main reasons of facing the “never events” in these wards.
Conclusion: Risk management tells us that the efficiency and quality of care can be promoted by preventing errors through human resource training and proper maintenance of medical equipment.
Arezoo Imani, Fereidoun Mianji , Vahid Changizi, Seyyed Hossein Mousavie Anijdan , Reza Paydar,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (9-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Estimation of radon density in underground centers is very important. Considering the use of high-energy medical accelerators, radiotherapy departments are usually located in underground floors. The aim of this study was to evaluate staff exposure to radon gas in these centers in Tehran in 2015-2016.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. In radiotherapy centers of Tehran, 32 radon gas diffusion chamber detectors were installed for a period of 3 months. After collecting the detectors, radon gas concentrations were calculated. The annual effective dose of personnel was evaluated using staff’s working hours per week.
Results: The minimum and maximum concentrations recorded in this study during one year were 22.14 and 398.52 Bq/m3, respectively, with an average of 87.01 ± 80.68 Bq/m3. Also, radiotherapy personnel’s annual effective dose was 0.34 ± 0.43 mSv per year with the minimum and maximum amounts of 0.02 and 2.35 mSv per year, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicate that radon level in radiotherapy centers and also that the annual effective dose of personnel in these centers are permissible, and no special action is needed. However, if more attention is paid to certain factors such as air-conditioning, the amount of the gas can even be brought to less than this limit.
Vahid Changizi, Fereidoun Mianji, Fereshteh Ghaderbeygizad, Fereshteh Mohammadi,
Volume 12, Issue 5 (1-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Coronary angiography (CA) is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for cardiac complexity, that has a high dose and high fluoroscopy time. The effective dose of eye lens as a radiosensitive organ in long-term exposure to CA must be evaluated.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed with Siemens under-bed machine in Imam Hossein Hospital of Mehran, Ilam Province of Iran, in January and February 2016. In this study, TLD was used as personal dosimeter. To measure the effective doses, TLD was put on the external side of cardiologists’ eyes under lead glasses. Data were analyzed by spss22 at a significant level (p<0.05).
Results: The mean fluoroscopy time in the radial route was 3.17±2.11 and in the femoral route was 12.65±6.97 minutes (p=0.003). The mean effective doses of cardiologists’ right and left eyes in radial and femoral angiography were 0.003, 0.005 (p=0.02) and 0.008, 0.011 (p=0.748), respectively. The mean effective dose of eye lens in the use of radial route was obtained less than that of femoral route. The mean effective doses in right and left eyes were not significantly different in the use of radial and femoral routes.
Conclusion: Fluoroscopy time and the distance of source are the main factors of more radiation on cardiologists.
, , ,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (7-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Due to the increasing number of radiographic tests, TLD dosimeters can be used to measure the effective dose of critical organs in various radiographic tests. In this research, the progression of analogue to digital radiology devices, which facilitates and accelerates the performance of radiographs, especially emergency patients, was investigated, and then the effective dose of critical organs in digital radiographic devices was calculated using a thermoluminescence dosimeter.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 29 thermoluminescence GR-200 dosimeters(LiF: Mg, Cu, P) were used first, the TLDs were calibrated by the Atomic Energy Organization of Tehran Protection Center, then using TLDs, equivalent doses were used in radiographic tests and finally, the effective dose of critical organs was calculated.
Results: Data were analyzed using Anova in SPSS software. The mean effective doses of critical organs were 0/034±0/0015 mSv for eyes(in skull radiography), 0/0063±0/0004 for thyroid(in cervical radiography), 0/0067±0/0009 for breast(in lung radiography) and 0/2010±0/0652 for ovarian(in abdominal radiography). We found significant differences between effective doses of thyroid and ovaries in common position(Postero Anterior)(p˂0.05). We found non-significant differences between effective doses of the eyes and breast in common position(AntroPosterior)(p˃0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the effective dose of the patient in radiographic exames depends on the thickness of the target organ and the patient's position, which has a significant effect on the dose of radiation absorbed by the patient.
Mohammad Saber Malaki, Leila Rouhi, Khalil Khashei Varnamkhasti,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Lactobacillus is the most important genus of lactic acid bacteria and the use of some species of lactobacillus with the probiotic potential can be effective for inhibition of the growth of some pathogens and control of
gastrointestinal diseases and cancers. In this study, the pro-apoptotic and antimicrobial effect of Lactobacillus sakei on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line and some gastrointestinal pathogenic species was examined.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the antimicrobial activity of metabolites of Lactobacillus sakei was assessed by Well Diffusion Agar (WDA) method against some gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria. HT-29 colorectal adenocarcinoma cancer cells were cultured in DMEM medium with 10% bovine serum. The cells were treated in 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml concentrations of sakei metabolites and incubated at 24 and 48 hours. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI kit according to the manufacturers protocol in both incubation times. For error reduction, each test was performed in triplicate
Results: The results of this study indicate that sakei was able to produce antimicrobial metabolites against gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria. Also, the results of the Annexin test showed that with increasing concentration of sakei metabolites in dose dependent manner, induction of apoptosis in this cell line increases (P<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that there is a good research field for the use of bioactive compounds produced by Lactobacillus sakei in the control of gastrointestinal pathogenic bacteria and treatment of human colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Arman Bahari, Behnoosh Moody,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Increasing the use of smartphones, improving the state of World Wide Web, and also the need for flexibility in the education process have made the implementation of e-learning in human society inevitable, eliminated time and space limitations, and provided equal education. However, the pace of its creation and development, especially in universities and higher education centers in developing countries such as Iran, is very slow. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of students of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This is an applied and descriptive-survey study. The sample includes 313 students studying at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences during 2016-2017, who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed using statistical tests and SPSS software.
Results: The findings show that the six selected factors of this study affect the creation and development of e-learning from the viewpoint of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences students. From the highest to the lowest effect, these factors include the quality of information and content (4.25), learners’ willingness (4.11), system quality (4.10), facilitators (4.05), student-professor interaction (3.98) and professor quality (3.84).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that policy makers and university administrators, considering the importance of each factor, invest and develop e-learning to provide better services to students and faculty.
Sousan Rabihavy, Zhila Najafpour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Operation rooms have several specialty processes, a higher level of technology, complicated treatment protocols, and the need for skillful human recourses, which is one of the highest risk wards in the hospital. Therefore, this study was initiated to identify and evaluate potential errors by using the Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) approach to recognize the potential errors in operation rooms of Golestan hospital of Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: This research was done with a qualitative approach in seven stages and it was based on the FMECA protocol. Data were obtained through direct observation, assessment of documents and interviews with the related staff. In this regard, surgical processes were extracted from the beginig of the surgical planning to discharge patient from the post-anesthesia care unit, after that the potential errors associated with each process were identified. Finally, the risk priority number of each of them was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detectability (D). Score analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In the present study, during the analysis of processes related to surgical care, 17 primary surgery processes and 75 sub processes (from surgical planning to discharg from the post-anesthesia care unit) were identified. Seventy failure modes were identified. Ultimately, after analyzing the failure modes in the risk matrix, among the 70 identified failure modes, two failure modes had unacceptable risk, including no proper cleaning of the operation theatre and marking the surgical site, and there was Seven other failure modes with moderate risk, including unappropraite hand hygiene and environmental and operating room fixed equipment disinfection, central oxygen disconnection, lack of equipments in night shift, delay in delivery of prostheses to the surgical site, transfer of patient who requires intensive care to the ward, were identified. Human and organizational causes contributed the most to the occurrence of potential errors.
Conclusion: Analysis of failure modes showed that the highest probability of error occurs in the processes during surgery and due to human and organizational factors. Identification of 70 potential errors in 17 processes of the Operating Room indicates the integrity of FMECA’s preventive approach in identifying and prioritizing the high-risk areas of the processes, insensitive parts such as the operating room.
Saman Mohammadpour, Reza Rabiei, Elham Shabahrami, Kamyar Fathisalari, Maryam Khakzad, Mostafa Langarizadeh,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, which leads to the death of more than 10 million people in the world every year. Its early diagnosis, management and proper treatment play an important role in reducing complications and mortality. One of the support tools in early diagnosis, treatment and management of this disease are Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS), which are divided into two groups, rule-based and non-rule-based. Rule-based decision support systems are created based on clinical guidelines, while non-rule-based decision support systems use machine learning. In this research, the effects of decision support systems, rule-based and non-rule-based, on cancer diagnosis, treatment and management were measured.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using a systematic review method, which was conducted by searching the Web of Science, Scopus, IEEE and PubMED databases until 12/31/2021. After removing duplicates and evaluating the characteristics of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, studies related to the goal were selected. The selection of articles was based on the title, abstract and full text The data collection tool was the data extraction form, which included year of study, type of study, system of body, organ of body, the service provided by the decision support system, type of decision support system, effect, effect index and the score of effect index. Narrative synthesis were used for data analysis.
Results: Out of 768 articles, 16 articles related to the objectives of the study were identified. Studies were presented in two categories of clinical decision-support systems: Rule-based and non-Rule based. The effects evaluated in the clinical decision support systems were Rule-based, dose adjustment, symptoms, adherence to treatment guidelines, care time, smoking, need for chemotherapy and pain management, all of which except pain management were significant and positive. The effects evaluated were in the category of non-Rule based clinical decision support systems, diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, controlling neutropenia, all of which were significant and positive except controlling neutropenia.
Conclusion: The results obtained for the effectiveness of both Rule-based and non-Rule-based decision support systems indicated different benefits of these two categories. Therefore, using their combination in the field of cancer can bring very useful results.
