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Showing 2 results for Fuzzy Delphi
Designing a Model for Improving the Country's Health System with an Emphasis on Governance Strategies
Haleh Mohammadiha, Gholam Reza Memarzadeh, Parham Azimi,
Volume 15, Issue 3 (8-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Health systems have played an important role in improving and increasing life expectancy. However, there is a large gap between health systems’ potential and their current performance, most of which relate to governance issues. The purpose of this study is to provide a model for improving the governance of the country's health system.
Materials and Methods: The present study is applied-developmental in terms of purpose. After reviewing the theoretical foundations and previous research, the governance strategies of the health system were identified. Then, using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and surveying 13 academic and executive experts who were purposefully selected, the research model was designed. Finally, in order to validate the model, 169 managers and specialists of health system departments in Tehran were interviewed with a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and SmartPLS software. At this stage, the sampling method was available and the sample size was calculated by Cochran's method.
Results: According to the research findings, in order to promote health governance, 10 main strategies and 58 sub-strategies should be considered. Identified strategies include strategic orientation, optimal financial resource management, stakeholder partnership development, knowledge resource development, administrative health promotion, technical knowledge development, value and ethical orientation, executive and operational platform development, Service delivery capacity management and Balanced and integrated stewardship. Also, the coefficient of determination for the outcome variable is 0.549 and the intensity of the effect of intervening/ facilitating and contextual factors on governance strategies is equal to 0.610 and 0.533, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that the governance of the health system is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon and in order to improve it, a set of strategies must be implemented. In addition, it is suggested that according to the issues and threats facing the health system, a roadmap and a long-term plan should be developed in order to move towards the governance model proposed in the present study.

Evaluation and Identification of Requirements for Revising the Bachelor’s Curriculum of Medical Library and Information Science
Vahideh Zarea Gavgani, Abdolrasoul Khosravi, Ali Hossein Ghasemi, Firoozeh Zare-Farashbandi, Hossein Vakilimofrad, Fatemeh Sheikhshoaei, Azra Daei,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Continuous revision and updating of educational programs are essential to fulfill the primary mission of higher education. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the perspectives of stakeholders regarding the necessary changes in the BSc curriculum of Medical Library and Information Science.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in two phases using the Fuzzy Delphi technique and a survey method. Participants included professors, students, graduates, and relevant administrators in the field of Medical Library and Information Science. The number of participants were 41 in the first phase and 122 in the second. The data collection tool was a researcher-made checklist based on the last edition of BSc curriculum of Medical Library and Information Science in the first phase, which was developed lesson by lesson. In the second phase, a researcher-made questionnaire based on the first phase data was its data collection tool. Collected data were analyzed using fuzzy numbers, defuzzification, and descriptive statistics.
Results: The findings showed that the Basic courses comprised 19 credits (9 courses), of which only 11% were deemed necessary to retain, while 78% were identified as requiring deletion or major revision. The Core Courses (mandatory) comprised 65 credits (30 courses), with 20% considered essential to retain, 43% requiring review, and 37% requiring deletion or major revision. The Non-Core/ elective Courses comprised 12 credits (6 courses), and none of the elective courses achieved the required score for retention; 50 percent required revision and the remaining 50 percent required major revision or elimination. The highest necessity for course retention from stakeholders’ viewpoints was related to Sociology of Information in basic courses, Data Structures and Programming in core courses, and Introduction to Archiving in none core courses. In the second phase, updated teaching methods, inclusion of courses on evidence-based performance, critical thinking, artificial intelligence, and practical orientation of the Research Methods course were among the key findings.
Conclusion: The results highlight the necessity of curriculum revision in BSc curriculum of Medical Library and Information Science. The curriculum of Medical Library and Information Science is expected not only to keep pace with developments in digital health and emerging technologies but also to adopt an interdisciplinary and skill-based approach. This requires changes in the design, implementation, and evaluation of the curriculum.

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