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Studying the Distribution of Hospitalization Services at Hospitals in East Azerbaijan Province
Ali Janati, Ali Imani, Hassan Almaspoor Khangah ,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (7-2017)
Abstract
Background and Aim: It is necessary that various aspects of health information and statistics are identified and measured since health problems are getting more complex day by day. This study is aimed to investigate the distribution of Hospitalization Services in Hospitals in East Azerbaijan province.
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive, cross-sectional study, which aimed to determine the share of hospitalization services in different sectors providing healthcare services in East Azerbaijan Province. The study population consisted of all health service providers, including the public sector, private, charity, military, Social Security and NGOs in the province of Eastern Azerbaijan. The data from all functional health sectors, including health centers and hospitals were studied during 2014. The data relevant to performance were collected according to a pre-determined format (researcher-built checklist). Content validity of checklist was approved by five Health Services Management professionals and experts. 
Results: The study findings showed that the maximum and minimum number of surgeries has been done in the public sector (63.1%) and the non-governmental sectors (3%), respectively. The public sector (71.9%) and non-governmental sectors (Red Crescent and Azad University) (1.2%) provided the maximum and minimum hospitalization services, respectively. 
Conclusion: According to the study findings, Policies should be aimed to create balance and harmony in the provision of services among all service providers.   

Factors Related to Infection and Hospitalization of Covid-19, Results of the Participants of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases Cohort Study in Kermanshah Province
Maryam Aghajarinezhad, Yahya Salimi, Shahab Rezaeian, Ghobad Moradi, Mehdi Moradinazar, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Roya Safari_ Faramani, Mitra Darbandi, Farid Najafi,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (5-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: All people living in a society are not equally at risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization. The current study is aimed to determine the factors related to COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among participants of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. 
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted between 28th February, 2020 to 27th November, 2021. Data from the RaNCD study, morbidity and hospitalizations cases (extracted from the medical care monitoring system, SAMA system and the handwritten list of the health department) and positive serological results were used. For the case-cohort study, 626 confirmed and/or probable cases and 2107 randomly selected participants as sub-cohort were recruited. For the case-control study, 188 COVID-19 hospitalized patients from RaNCD (as cases) and 632 positive outpatients identified as controls. Data were analyzed using Cox and logistic regression, respectively. 
Results: In case-cohort study, the hazard ratio of COVID-19 among people living in rural areas, in smokers and those in middle socioeconomic status was, 0.37 (0.24, 0.58), 1.50 (1.07, 2.11), as compared to the reference groups. While the hazard ratio of people aged 46-64 and those ≥65 years old, as compared to the reference group within the first year, was 3.47 (1.76, 6.86) and 6.45 (2.80, 14.85), the corresponding value after one year was 2.23 (1.13, 4.40) and 3.52 (1.53, 8.10), respectively. The hazard ratio among those with at least one comorbidity was 2.45 (1.53, 3.92) in the first year of study and after one year decreased to 1.82 (1.14, 2.92). In addition, moderate and vigorous physical activity decreased the hazard ratio. In case-control study the odds ratio of hospitalization increased by 0.03% (1.03(1.01, 1.05)) with an increase of one year in age and in people with at least three comorbidities was 2.43 (1.24, 4.73) times of those without comorbidity.     
Conclusion: Overall, one year after starting the study the decrease in hazard ratio of COVID-19 was significant. Increase in age and having comorbidities are factors that increased the odds ratio of hospitalization. Such people can be considered for the next waves of COVID-19 prioritized for health care and booster vaccination. 

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