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Assessment of lactoferrin concentration in human milk and survey on it's relation with age, childbirth time, and after childbirth
Ar Salehinodeh, Mb Eslami, M Noruzi, S Nasirinejad, M Fazli, Gr Hassan Pour,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2009)
Abstract

Background and Aim : Lactoferrin is one of the milk components with the main role in iron absorption and transfer. As a result of this action the pathogens that need iron for their life cannot grow, so the infection will be controled, indirectly. Moreover, because the lactoferrin production is stopped in the women with breast cancer, evaluation of this protein in milk may be the first step in detection of breast cancer tumors, and making decision about the appropriate treatment methods. Therefore, with due attention to the important role of lactoferrin in health and disease, determination of its normal dose in milk is very essential for the differences that may occur comparing with the normal situation. Also since the normal amount of lactoferrin in the milk of Iranian women was not evaluated in this study the amount of protein in more than 100 sample was measured.

Materias and Methods: The lactoferrin amount was measured by SRID method in 104 human milk samples of mothers that were referred to two public health centers in Tehran for vaccination of their children, and also in women that were hospitalized after childbirth in 2 health centers of Qom city. The data such as age, time of childbirth, etc were obtained by asking them and filling pre-designed questionnaire. All laboratory experiments were conducted in the Immunology unit of pathobiology department of School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Results: The mean concentration of lactoferrin was 4.39 g/L, in the early milk (6-10 days after childbirth) was 3.79 g/L and in the mature milk (11-60 days after childbirth) measured as 2.45 g/L.

Discussion and Conclusion: The mean concentration of Lactoferrin in milk (g/L) has a significant difference with the day after childbirth (P<0.05) and was highest in Colostrums and then in primary milk. After that this amount is reduced extremely. This indicates the important role of lactoferrin in the primary days of infants, because of the protective role that it has against infections. Also the results of this study showed no significant correlation between human milk and factors such as age and childbirth time.


An Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Microbial Agents Isolated from Raw Milk Samples from Acute and Sub-Acute Cases of Mastitis in Livestock
Majid Sadeghpour, Ehsan Estabraghi , Alireza Mokhtari , Sepideh Reihani ,
Volume 11, Issue 6 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Milk is a suitable environment for most microorganisms. Pollution in the suckling production chain and its implementation result in unsatisfactory sanitation, long-term transportation, and the lack of facilities for storing milk. The purpose of the study was to identify and control the effects of common microorganisms of mast infections and their role in the transmission of diseases with milk as a major contribution to storage and, finally, the transmission of these pathogenic infections to humans.
Materials and Methods: A total of 450 raw milk samples from traditional and industrial plants were collected around the city of Tehran. In order to determine the identity of the bacteria, their transmission to a differential culture, was used standard microbiological methods and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Disc diffusion).
Results: The results of biochemical experiments were conducted on 225 isolates from isolation and diagnosis of bacteria in raw milk, antibiotic susceptibility test in accordance with CLSI 2010 standard guidelines. Antibiotics of tylosin and streptomycin with the highest antibiotic resistance were 221 (98.2%) and 217 (96.5%), respectively, which were most susceptible to the tetra delta and ciprofloxacin respectively (0%, 100%) and 15 (6.7%) bacterial resistance cases were observed.
Conclusion: According to the present situation and the results obtained, the level of contamination obtained from traditional and industrial livestock is still high.  Although regular mastitis and infections are commonly found by specialists, but the contamination caused by milking and collecting is higher than normal values. The frequent use of antibiotics and the resulting resistance has provided a very important and controversial problem.

Identification and Diagnosis of Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli by Molecular Method in Boroujerd City Cows' Milk
Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Reza Zandieh Moradi, Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard, Zahra Rajabi,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (1-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Transmission of pathogenic bacteria from animals to humans is possible directly or through the consumption of meat and milk or their products. The aim of this study was to identify and diagnose Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) by molecular method in cows' milk in Boroujerd city.
Materials and Methods: In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 150 milk samples were sampled from dairy farms in Boroujerd and its suburbs in four months from the beginning of November 2016 until the end of February 2017. After enrichment, culturing and biochemical tests on EMB agar and IMVIC differential tests, and doing linear culture on Sorbitol McConkey Agar medium to identify negative sorbitol isolates and confirm them by serological testing and eaeA gene identification, milk samples were analyzed by PCR test.
Results: Out of 31 isolates of Escherichia coli species, 6 were isolated as negative sorbitol (19.4%). Of these six isolates, five (16.1%) were identified as negative beta-galactosidase (MUG-) on chrome agar medium. In serological test, all 5 isolates were confirmed by O157: H7 antiserum antibody; besides, in molecular analysis, they had eaeA gene.
Conclusion: The outbreak of 16.1% of enterohemorrhagic E. coli in milk can be of great importance as one of the factors causing diarrhea in the community. Therefore, the outbreaks of consumption of this foodstuff in areas of the country that traditionally still put raw milk in food basket can provide valuable results for the prevention of diarrheal diseases.

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