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Showing 13 results for Operating Room
Smh Mousavi, H Dargahi, M Hasibi, Z Mokhtari, G Shaham,
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Volume 5, Issue 2 (9-2011)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The operating room is one of the main units in a hospital, where the most important phase of treatment is performed. Due to the physical properties, use of gases, and different electric devices in the operating room, the safety of both the patients and the staff should be considered carefully. This study aims to estimate the safety standards of the operating rooms in Tehran University Hospitals and to provide solutions to the existing problems.
Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the operating rooms of TUMS hospitals. The research instrument was a checklist used by interviewers while observing the place. The safety standards were studied in terms of physical environment, protection against fire, personnel safety, patients' safety, and infection control. The data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: The overall safety of the operating rooms of TUMS hospitals was found to be 84.9 percent. The figures for infection control and personnel safety, however, were lower.
Conclusion: The operating rooms of Tehran University of Medical Sciences hospitals were studied in terms of five safety standards. Considering the physical environment, fire protection, and patient safety, they were quite safe but as to infection control they were relatively safe. However, they were found to be unsafe regarding the safety of their staff. Tehran Heart Center with an overall safety of 97.5% for its operating rooms can be considered as a model for the other TUMS treatment centers.
Omid Zadi Akhule, Mojgan Lotfi, Ebrahim Nasiri, Saba Chalangari, Yasna Torkali Pur,
Volume 14, Issue 6 (1-2021)
Volume 14, Issue 6 (1-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In order to improve patient safety, countries are seeking to monitor the safety of health systems and since surgical safety is an important part of patient safety, this study aimed to determine performance of Operating Room Personnel regarding the observance of surgical safety principles.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on operating rooms of hospitals of Mazandaran university of medical sciences in 2019. Research population included 271 personnel of operating room selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire and Surgical Safety Checklist of the World Health Organization. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean scores of performance of surgical technologists in the circulating and scrub roles and anesthesia technologists regarding the observance of surgical safety principles, were 23.2±3.1, 18.4±3 and 28.2±3.5 respectively. The performance level of all three specialties was moderate. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between performance score with educational level. The mean score of performance was significantly higher in the technologists with bachelor’s degree as compared to the technologists with associate degree (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering that the performance of the participants of the study regarding the observance of surgical safety principles, it was not at a desirable level, thus it is recommended to encourage operating room personnel to upgrade their education and to continue monitoring the performance of them regarding the observance of surgical safety principles.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on operating rooms of hospitals of Mazandaran university of medical sciences in 2019. Research population included 271 personnel of operating room selected via stratified random sampling. Data were collected using demographic characteristics questionnaire and Surgical Safety Checklist of the World Health Organization. The data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Results: The mean scores of performance of surgical technologists in the circulating and scrub roles and anesthesia technologists regarding the observance of surgical safety principles, were 23.2±3.1, 18.4±3 and 28.2±3.5 respectively. The performance level of all three specialties was moderate. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between performance score with educational level. The mean score of performance was significantly higher in the technologists with bachelor’s degree as compared to the technologists with associate degree (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Considering that the performance of the participants of the study regarding the observance of surgical safety principles, it was not at a desirable level, thus it is recommended to encourage operating room personnel to upgrade their education and to continue monitoring the performance of them regarding the observance of surgical safety principles.
Sousan Rabihavy, Zhila Najafpour,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Operation rooms have several specialty processes, a higher level of technology, complicated treatment protocols, and the need for skillful human recourses, which is one of the highest risk wards in the hospital. Therefore, this study was initiated to identify and evaluate potential errors by using the Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) approach to recognize the potential errors in operation rooms of Golestan hospital of Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: This research was done with a qualitative approach in seven stages and it was based on the FMECA protocol. Data were obtained through direct observation, assessment of documents and interviews with the related staff. In this regard, surgical processes were extracted from the beginig of the surgical planning to discharge patient from the post-anesthesia care unit, after that the potential errors associated with each process were identified. Finally, the risk priority number of each of them was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detectability (D). Score analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In the present study, during the analysis of processes related to surgical care, 17 primary surgery processes and 75 sub processes (from surgical planning to discharg from the post-anesthesia care unit) were identified. Seventy failure modes were identified. Ultimately, after analyzing the failure modes in the risk matrix, among the 70 identified failure modes, two failure modes had unacceptable risk, including no proper cleaning of the operation theatre and marking the surgical site, and there was Seven other failure modes with moderate risk, including unappropraite hand hygiene and environmental and operating room fixed equipment disinfection, central oxygen disconnection, lack of equipments in night shift, delay in delivery of prostheses to the surgical site, transfer of patient who requires intensive care to the ward, were identified. Human and organizational causes contributed the most to the occurrence of potential errors.
Conclusion: Analysis of failure modes showed that the highest probability of error occurs in the processes during surgery and due to human and organizational factors. Identification of 70 potential errors in 17 processes of the Operating Room indicates the integrity of FMECA’s preventive approach in identifying and prioritizing the high-risk areas of the processes, insensitive parts such as the operating room.
Materials and Methods: This research was done with a qualitative approach in seven stages and it was based on the FMECA protocol. Data were obtained through direct observation, assessment of documents and interviews with the related staff. In this regard, surgical processes were extracted from the beginig of the surgical planning to discharge patient from the post-anesthesia care unit, after that the potential errors associated with each process were identified. Finally, the risk priority number of each of them was calculated according to the indicators of Occurrence (O), Severity (S), and Detectability (D). Score analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software.
Results: In the present study, during the analysis of processes related to surgical care, 17 primary surgery processes and 75 sub processes (from surgical planning to discharg from the post-anesthesia care unit) were identified. Seventy failure modes were identified. Ultimately, after analyzing the failure modes in the risk matrix, among the 70 identified failure modes, two failure modes had unacceptable risk, including no proper cleaning of the operation theatre and marking the surgical site, and there was Seven other failure modes with moderate risk, including unappropraite hand hygiene and environmental and operating room fixed equipment disinfection, central oxygen disconnection, lack of equipments in night shift, delay in delivery of prostheses to the surgical site, transfer of patient who requires intensive care to the ward, were identified. Human and organizational causes contributed the most to the occurrence of potential errors.
Conclusion: Analysis of failure modes showed that the highest probability of error occurs in the processes during surgery and due to human and organizational factors. Identification of 70 potential errors in 17 processes of the Operating Room indicates the integrity of FMECA’s preventive approach in identifying and prioritizing the high-risk areas of the processes, insensitive parts such as the operating room.
Omid Zadi Akhuleh, Abbas Dadashzadeh, Aysan Judi,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Surgical smoke (SS), is caused by the use of high temperature devices such as electrocautery, laser and ultrasonic scalpel, which are used for cutting and coagulation of tissue during surgery, is considered as a serious threat to the health of operating room (OR) personnel. Various studies have identified the workplace safety climate as one of the main causes of the occurrence or prevention of occupational hazards. This study was conducted with the aim of Perceived Safety Climate (PSC) in ORs and its relationship with the awareness of the OR staff about the SS hazards.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to July 2022 in the ORs of 26 public hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In this research, 396 surgical and anesthesia technologists were included in the study by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, PSC questionnaire and awareness about the hazards of SS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software
Results: The knowledge of the OR staff regarding the hazards of surgical smoke was evaluated at a moderate level with a mean and standard deviation of 9.82±4.32 (range 0 to 21). The average knowledge score of surgical technologists (11.1±4.56) regarding the hazards of surgical smoke was significantly higher than the average score of anesthesia technologists (8.75±4.1)(P=0.02). The PSC in the OR was evaluated at moderate level with a mean and standard deviation of 62.15±11.1 (range 19 to 95). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the effect of PSC in increasing the awareness of OR staff about the hazards of SS was significant (P=0.001). By increasing one score to the total score of the PSC, the awareness score increases by 0.201.
Conclusion: The safety climate of the OR can predict the awareness of the hazards of SS among OR staff. It is recommended to adopt strategies such as educating personnel about the hazards of SS and how to prevent it, creating a suitable supportive environment for personnel, and providing suitable protective facilities to prevent OR staff from being exposed to SS.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to July 2022 in the ORs of 26 public hospitals affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. In this research, 396 surgical and anesthesia technologists were included in the study by stratified random sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, PSC questionnaire and awareness about the hazards of SS questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software
Results: The knowledge of the OR staff regarding the hazards of surgical smoke was evaluated at a moderate level with a mean and standard deviation of 9.82±4.32 (range 0 to 21). The average knowledge score of surgical technologists (11.1±4.56) regarding the hazards of surgical smoke was significantly higher than the average score of anesthesia technologists (8.75±4.1)(P=0.02). The PSC in the OR was evaluated at moderate level with a mean and standard deviation of 62.15±11.1 (range 19 to 95). The results of linear regression analysis showed that the effect of PSC in increasing the awareness of OR staff about the hazards of SS was significant (P=0.001). By increasing one score to the total score of the PSC, the awareness score increases by 0.201.
Conclusion: The safety climate of the OR can predict the awareness of the hazards of SS among OR staff. It is recommended to adopt strategies such as educating personnel about the hazards of SS and how to prevent it, creating a suitable supportive environment for personnel, and providing suitable protective facilities to prevent OR staff from being exposed to SS.
Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi, Afshin Karami Varnamkhasti , Mostafa Roshanzadeh, Fatemeh Kazemi Najafabadi,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 3 (8-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Communication skills are considered as the most important feature required for health care workers and provide the basis for the development of professional ethics. Since working in the operating room requires team effort and establishing communication between team members, the importance of communication skills in operating room nurses is more visible. Therefore, in the present study was performed, with the aim of determining the effect of virtual training on the principles of professional ethics on communication skills of operating room staff of Ayatollah Kashani and Hajar hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a single-group plan before and after in 2020 was performed on 35 operating room staff of Kashani and Hajar teaching hospitals in Shahrekord who were selected by random sampling. Demographic information questionnaire and Queen Dam communication skills questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using independent t test, Analysis of variance, paired t-test and ANOVA statistics.
Results: Paired t-test showed that the mean of communication skills after the intervention was significantly different from before (P<0.001). The mean of communication skills before the intervention was 65.85±24.52 and after the intervention was 139.77±5.70. No significant relationship was reported between communication skills and age, service history and number of working hours (P>.0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the average of communication skills according to the variables of gender, marital status, field of study and degree (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that professional ethics training was able to improve the communication skills of employees. Therefore, it seems necessary to compile virtual professional ethics training for health care providers and other groups providing health services who do not have enough time to participate in face-to-face classes. According to the results obtained, managers of health systems are recommended to use strategies such as holding workshops on the principles of professional ethics to develop communication skills in their employees.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a single-group plan before and after in 2020 was performed on 35 operating room staff of Kashani and Hajar teaching hospitals in Shahrekord who were selected by random sampling. Demographic information questionnaire and Queen Dam communication skills questionnaire were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using independent t test, Analysis of variance, paired t-test and ANOVA statistics.
Results: Paired t-test showed that the mean of communication skills after the intervention was significantly different from before (P<0.001). The mean of communication skills before the intervention was 65.85±24.52 and after the intervention was 139.77±5.70. No significant relationship was reported between communication skills and age, service history and number of working hours (P>.0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in the average of communication skills according to the variables of gender, marital status, field of study and degree (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The present study showed that professional ethics training was able to improve the communication skills of employees. Therefore, it seems necessary to compile virtual professional ethics training for health care providers and other groups providing health services who do not have enough time to participate in face-to-face classes. According to the results obtained, managers of health systems are recommended to use strategies such as holding workshops on the principles of professional ethics to develop communication skills in their employees.
Maryam Bahrami, Somayeh Mohammadi, Mostafa Roshanzadeh, Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi, Ali Taj, Fatemeh Maraki,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Volume 17, Issue 4 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Operating room students have experienced anxiety for various reasons that affect their educational process such as stitching. Due to the effective role of simulation in improving the education of students, this study was conducted with the aim of the effect of animal skin suturing simulation on the skill level and anxiety level of operating room students.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 people (75%) of the samples were aged 18-25 and 10 people (25%) of them were 26-35. 10 people (25%) were men and 30 people (75%) were women. Also, in terms of marriage, 7 people (17.5%) were married and 33 people (82.5%) were single. The present quasi-experimental study was performed with a two-group plan before and after with 40 operating room students of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences (Shahrekord, Broujen) in 2020. The samples were randomly assigned to two test and control groups using the method based on the purpose of selection. Data were collected before and after the intervention by Spielberger Anxiety Tool and Suturing Skills Questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive and analytical statistical tests (Chi-square test, t-test, paired t-test).
Results: The t-test test showed that the mean of obvious anxiety in the intervention group (36.35±10.22) and the control group (41.15±7.92) after the intervention was not significant (P=0.346). Also, the mean hidden anxiety in the intervention group (36.65±10.47) and the control group (38.65±6.13) had no significant difference (P=0.089). The t-test test showed that there was a significant difference in sewing skills after the intervention in the two intervention groups (28.2±58.22) and the control group (23.42±3.12) (P=0.04).
Conclusion: The texture of suture mannequins is very different from human skin in terms of consistency, and it does not convey the same feeling of sutures on natural skin to students. On the other hand, it is easier to enter and exit and move the needle and thread in the sheepskin, and this provides the students with the possibility of stitching more easily. Therefore, it is suggested to buy and prepare sheep skin for training students and teach them stitches on it.
Parisa Moradimajd, Shahnam Sedighmaroufi, Shaqayeq Taghizadeh, Mr Jamileh Abolghasemi, Alireza Babajani,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Volume 18, Issue 1 (3-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: One of the basic principles in the safety of drug therapy for patients is the correct registration and labeling of anesthetic drugs, which can lead to the reduction of drug errors, the increase of drug and patient safety, the reduction of drug consumption and the environment, and the optimization of hospital costs.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research was conducted in February 2022 in the operating rooms of Iran University of Medical Sciences hospitals. The participants included 177 Anesthesia experts working in the hospitals’ operating rooms, who were included in the study by census method. The data was collected using the checklist for evaluating anesthetic drug registration and labeling guidelines and analyzed using SPSS software and one-way ANOVA, Fisher, and Pearson correlation coefficient statistical tests. The significance level was considered P value < 0.05.
Results: The average compliance with the guidelines for registration and labeling of anesthetic drugs in all hospitals was 3.559 out of the total score of 16. The average adherence to guidelines in 8 hospitals was significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). Hazrat Ali Asghar Hospital had the highest compliance rate, averaging 10.333 out of 16. Firouzgar and Shahid Akbarabadi hospitals were in the next rank, averaging 10.11 and 6.65, respectively. There was a negative and significant correlation between the level of compliance with the guidelines and the average work experience and age of the experts (P=0/17); However, gender did not significantly correlate with the degree of adherence to the guidelines(P=0/596).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, compliance with the guidelines for registration and labeling of anesthetic drugs in most hospitals was assessed as weak and at an unfavorable level. Considering the importance of this issue in reducing medication errors and increasing patient safety, it is necessary to use empowerment and retraining courses for Anesthesia experts according to the latest guidelines.
Sedigheh Hannani, Parsa Farmahin Farahany, Fardin Amiri,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Volume 18, Issue 3 (7-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The usual trainings are not enough to acquire the knowledge and skills of operating room students to play the role of scrub and mobile person, especially in complex and specialized surgeries. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of designing, implementing and evaluating the protocol before, during and after Whipple surgery and its effect on the knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of surgical technology students of Iran University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study of pre- and post-intervention type, during which 50, fifth and seventh semester undergraduate students of surgical technology were selected and trained using the designed protocol. The content of the protocol included the latest principles of Whipple surgery technology in the field of surgical anatomy, pathology of the digestive system and pancreas, diagnostic procedures and preparations before Whipple surgery, the procedure of Whipple surgery and the post-surgery phase and the recovery period of Whipple surgery. Before and after the training, the amount of knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of the students were evaluated and compared using a questionnaire and an observational checklist. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test and analysis of covariance test in SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study showed that after using the designed educational protocol, the knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of surgical technology students increased. That is, the use of the designed educational protocol was effective on the level of knowledge, attitude and especially the clinical skills of the students. So that a statistically significant difference was observed in the average scores of the knowledge, attitude and clinical skill test of the students before and after training (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, designing and using educational protocols is an effective method in the process of teaching and evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of students in complex and specialized surgeries such as Whipple surgery. Therefore, the use of educational protocols designed in the process of teaching students is recommended to all professors and educational officials of surgical technology.
Materials and Methods: This research was a semi-experimental study of pre- and post-intervention type, during which 50, fifth and seventh semester undergraduate students of surgical technology were selected and trained using the designed protocol. The content of the protocol included the latest principles of Whipple surgery technology in the field of surgical anatomy, pathology of the digestive system and pancreas, diagnostic procedures and preparations before Whipple surgery, the procedure of Whipple surgery and the post-surgery phase and the recovery period of Whipple surgery. Before and after the training, the amount of knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of the students were evaluated and compared using a questionnaire and an observational checklist. The data were analyzed using paired t-test, non-parametric Wilcoxon test and analysis of covariance test in SPSS software.
Results: The results of this study showed that after using the designed educational protocol, the knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of surgical technology students increased. That is, the use of the designed educational protocol was effective on the level of knowledge, attitude and especially the clinical skills of the students. So that a statistically significant difference was observed in the average scores of the knowledge, attitude and clinical skill test of the students before and after training (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, designing and using educational protocols is an effective method in the process of teaching and evaluating the level of knowledge, attitude and clinical skills of students in complex and specialized surgeries such as Whipple surgery. Therefore, the use of educational protocols designed in the process of teaching students is recommended to all professors and educational officials of surgical technology.
Alireza Jafarkhani, Behzad Imani, Sina Ghasemi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Volume 18, Issue 4 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Today, an important part of the surgeries performed in the operating room are emergency surgeries. Surgeries are generally necessary in the face of acute life-threatening conditions. Today, due to the increase in the number of emergency surgeries performed in hospitals and the challenging nature of these surgeries, several problems have arisen in the operating room. This study aimed to explain the lived experience of operating room nurses of the challenges that arise following the admission of emergency patients.
Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted using descriptive phenomenology in 2023 in all hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The samples of this study were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling. In this research, data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews with operating room nurses. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the main and sub-categories using Colaizzi’s method
Results: The results of this study showed that the average age of the participants was 46.2 years and their average work experience was 18.5 years. After analyzing the interviews, it was found that the challenges arising from the admission of emergency patients from the perspective of the experiences of operating room nurses are classified into three main themes and 10 subthemes. The main themes of this study include operating room supplies and infrastructure (structural limitations of the operating room, provision of human resources for emergency surgeries, provision of equipment and tools required for surgery, and negligence in providing timely medical services), clinical risks during surgery (threat to patient safety, disregard for observing the principles of sterility and the patient's unique physical condition), and coordination and communication (unconstructive interaction of the surgeon with staff, unusual behaviors of companions in the operating room, and insufficient support for the patient by others).
Conclusion: To prevent challenges, early identification is essential. By planning and implementing preventive measures, improving nurse training, improving infrastructure, and strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, we can improve the quality of emergency surgical procedures and increase patient satisfaction.
Materials and Methods: This research is a qualitative study that was conducted using descriptive phenomenology in 2023 in all hospitals affiliated with Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. The samples of this study were selected using purposeful and snowball sampling. In this research, data were collected through 10 semi-structured interviews with operating room nurses. The data obtained were analyzed to determine the main and sub-categories using Colaizzi’s method
Results: The results of this study showed that the average age of the participants was 46.2 years and their average work experience was 18.5 years. After analyzing the interviews, it was found that the challenges arising from the admission of emergency patients from the perspective of the experiences of operating room nurses are classified into three main themes and 10 subthemes. The main themes of this study include operating room supplies and infrastructure (structural limitations of the operating room, provision of human resources for emergency surgeries, provision of equipment and tools required for surgery, and negligence in providing timely medical services), clinical risks during surgery (threat to patient safety, disregard for observing the principles of sterility and the patient's unique physical condition), and coordination and communication (unconstructive interaction of the surgeon with staff, unusual behaviors of companions in the operating room, and insufficient support for the patient by others).
Conclusion: To prevent challenges, early identification is essential. By planning and implementing preventive measures, improving nurse training, improving infrastructure, and strengthening interdisciplinary collaboration, we can improve the quality of emergency surgical procedures and increase patient satisfaction.
Mohammad Ghasembandi, Samaneh Dehghan Abnavi, Negin Larti, Foziye Hamoole Tahmasbi, Jaber Zabihirad,
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 1 (4-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders among operating room nurses, and numerous studies have well explained its causes and factors. However, studies focusing on the characteristics and dimensions of low back pain and its relationship with influencing factors have not been conducted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the type of LBP, duration of back pain, and severity of back pain, and their relationship with the demographic characteristics of operating room nurses.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 350 operating room nurses at Ahvaz teaching hospitals in Iran in 2023. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included demographic information and LBP characteristics. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS.
Results: 64.8% of the subjects were female, 63.5% were married, and their mean age was 33.83±7.02 years. The prevalence of LBP among operating room nurses was 74.3%. In 60.7% of participant who have LBP, the first experience of back pain was in the past 5 years. The most common diagnosis of LBP was muscular disorders (29.9%). Also, 57.3% of them had pain only in the lower back and 42.7% of them had LBP radiating to the legs. We found no statistically significant relationship between the duration and severity of LBP and demographic characteristics (P<0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between the type of LBP and gender and level of education, as well as between the duration of LBP and severity of LBP (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of LBP among operating room nurses, and differences in the type of LBP were observed based on gender and educational level, which may be attributed to individual factors. Additionally, the significant relationship between the duration of LBP and its severity may indicate the effect of the long duration of LBP on its severity, which suggests that providing counseling and treatment programs for nurses who are in the early stages of LBP.
Results: 64.8% of the subjects were female, 63.5% were married, and their mean age was 33.83±7.02 years. The prevalence of LBP among operating room nurses was 74.3%. In 60.7% of participant who have LBP, the first experience of back pain was in the past 5 years. The most common diagnosis of LBP was muscular disorders (29.9%). Also, 57.3% of them had pain only in the lower back and 42.7% of them had LBP radiating to the legs. We found no statistically significant relationship between the duration and severity of LBP and demographic characteristics (P<0.05). A statistically significant relationship was found between the type of LBP and gender and level of education, as well as between the duration of LBP and severity of LBP (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a high prevalence of LBP among operating room nurses, and differences in the type of LBP were observed based on gender and educational level, which may be attributed to individual factors. Additionally, the significant relationship between the duration of LBP and its severity may indicate the effect of the long duration of LBP on its severity, which suggests that providing counseling and treatment programs for nurses who are in the early stages of LBP.
Mahnaz Moghadari Koosha, Iraj Salehi, Elaheh Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Safari, Nasim Alipour, Hossein Vakili Mofrad,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (11-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 4 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The hidden curriculum is considered the most powerful means of transmitting professional values. Given the critical importance of managing the hidden curriculum to institutionalize professional ethics and professionalism within health higher education institutions, the present study was conducted to explore the perceptions of operating room and anesthesia students and instructors regarding the impact of the hidden curriculum on the promotion of professional ethics.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach based on conventional content analysis. The study population included final-year students and instructors from the operating room and anesthesia disciplines at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data saturation was achieved after conducting 24 interviews. The data analysis followed the qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (2004), and was carried out in seven steps: 1. familiarization with the data, 2. identification of meaning units, 3. initial coding, 4. formation of subcategories, 5. development of categories, 6. extraction of themes, and 7. final review.
Results: The content analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of 456 initial codes. Following refinement and consolidation, these codes were organized into four overarching categories and ten subcategories. The main categories comprised: ‘Components of the hidden curriculum in professional ethics education’, ‘Mechanisms through which the hidden curriculum exerts influence’, ‘Consequences of the hidden curriculum’, and ‘Strategies for enhancing professional ethics’. The findings indicated that the hidden curriculum, manifested through the behavioral patterns of faculty members and instructors, organizational culture, and interpersonal interactions, plays a pivotal role in shaping students’ ethical attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum, through processes of unconscious learning, reinforcement or erosion of formal values, and the manner in which rules are implemented, can yield both positive outcomes—such as the development of ethical decision-making skills—and negative outcomes, including diminished ethical sensitivity.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the hidden curriculum in operating room and anesthesia education functions as a dual-force phenomenon. On one hand, it fosters the development of professional ethics through constructive role modeling and authentic clinical experiences. On the other hand, it can contribute to ethical erosion by conveying contradictory messages and unhealthy norms. Achieving sustainable ethical learning requires active management of the hidden curriculum through three key strategies: aligning the formal and hidden curricula, empowering instructors as agents of ethical value transmission, and shifting the organizational culture paradigm toward learning from error.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach based on conventional content analysis. The study population included final-year students and instructors from the operating room and anesthesia disciplines at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling methods. Data were collected via in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Data saturation was achieved after conducting 24 interviews. The data analysis followed the qualitative content analysis approach proposed by Graneheim and Lundman (2004), and was carried out in seven steps: 1. familiarization with the data, 2. identification of meaning units, 3. initial coding, 4. formation of subcategories, 5. development of categories, 6. extraction of themes, and 7. final review.
Results: The content analysis of the interviews resulted in the identification of 456 initial codes. Following refinement and consolidation, these codes were organized into four overarching categories and ten subcategories. The main categories comprised: ‘Components of the hidden curriculum in professional ethics education’, ‘Mechanisms through which the hidden curriculum exerts influence’, ‘Consequences of the hidden curriculum’, and ‘Strategies for enhancing professional ethics’. The findings indicated that the hidden curriculum, manifested through the behavioral patterns of faculty members and instructors, organizational culture, and interpersonal interactions, plays a pivotal role in shaping students’ ethical attitudes and behaviors. Furthermore, the hidden curriculum, through processes of unconscious learning, reinforcement or erosion of formal values, and the manner in which rules are implemented, can yield both positive outcomes—such as the development of ethical decision-making skills—and negative outcomes, including diminished ethical sensitivity.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the hidden curriculum in operating room and anesthesia education functions as a dual-force phenomenon. On one hand, it fosters the development of professional ethics through constructive role modeling and authentic clinical experiences. On the other hand, it can contribute to ethical erosion by conveying contradictory messages and unhealthy norms. Achieving sustainable ethical learning requires active management of the hidden curriculum through three key strategies: aligning the formal and hidden curricula, empowering instructors as agents of ethical value transmission, and shifting the organizational culture paradigm toward learning from error.
Maryam Amirshekari, Seyyedeh Maryam Seyyedi, Faeze Fakhri, Mohsen Yaghmaei,
Volume 19, Issue 4 (11-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 4 (11-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Shift handover is one of the key processes in clinical settings, during which patient care is transferred from one healthcare team to the next. Weaknesses in this process—particularly in high-pressure environments such as operating rooms—may lead to reduced quality of information transfer and staff dissatisfaction. This study aimed to determine the effect of the standard SBAR communication model on the quality of the shift handover process and the satisfaction of operating room personnel.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design was conducted in 2023 at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft. Sampling was performed using a census method, and a total of 66 operating room staff members participated in the study. The intervention consisted of a two-hour training session (including theoretical and practical components) on the SBAR model. Data were collected using the standard CEX checklist to assess handover quality and a modified version of the Petrovic questionnaire to evaluate staff satisfaction. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and paired t-tests. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The study participants included 66 operating room staff members, comprising 39 women and 27 men, with a mean age of 30.2±2.45 years. The mean score of shift handover quality significantly increased after SBAR training, rising from 73.80±13.99 before the training to 102.18±10.69 after the training, which corresponds to an improvement of approximately 20.9% relative to the total score range of the instrument (P<0.001). Furthermore, staff satisfaction with the shift handover process also improved, increasing from 37.85±4.77 to 42.41±4.76, representing an improvement of approximately 11.4% relative to the total instrument score range (P<0.001). These changes indicate the positive impact of SBAR training on both the shift handover process and the staff experience.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that training and implementation of the SBAR model were associated with significant improvements in handover quality and staff satisfaction. These results suggest that using structured communication tools may help improve certain aspects of the handover process. However, due to the lack of a control group and the short follow-up period, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about the long-term effects of the intervention. Therefore, SBAR-based training may be considered as a recommended option; however, further studies with stronger designs and in diverse clinical settings are needed to more accurately evaluate its outcomes.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design was conducted in 2023 at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft. Sampling was performed using a census method, and a total of 66 operating room staff members participated in the study. The intervention consisted of a two-hour training session (including theoretical and practical components) on the SBAR model. Data were collected using the standard CEX checklist to assess handover quality and a modified version of the Petrovic questionnaire to evaluate staff satisfaction. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and paired t-tests. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered.
Results: The study participants included 66 operating room staff members, comprising 39 women and 27 men, with a mean age of 30.2±2.45 years. The mean score of shift handover quality significantly increased after SBAR training, rising from 73.80±13.99 before the training to 102.18±10.69 after the training, which corresponds to an improvement of approximately 20.9% relative to the total score range of the instrument (P<0.001). Furthermore, staff satisfaction with the shift handover process also improved, increasing from 37.85±4.77 to 42.41±4.76, representing an improvement of approximately 11.4% relative to the total instrument score range (P<0.001). These changes indicate the positive impact of SBAR training on both the shift handover process and the staff experience.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that training and implementation of the SBAR model were associated with significant improvements in handover quality and staff satisfaction. These results suggest that using structured communication tools may help improve certain aspects of the handover process. However, due to the lack of a control group and the short follow-up period, it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about the long-term effects of the intervention. Therefore, SBAR-based training may be considered as a recommended option; however, further studies with stronger designs and in diverse clinical settings are needed to more accurately evaluate its outcomes.
Parsa Farmahin Farahany, Maryam Amirshekari, Mohsen Yaghmaie,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Volume 19, Issue 5 (12-2025)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Designing a standard surgical preference card and implementing it in the operating room environment can partially solve the problems related to the variety of surgical procedures and the preparation of tools and equipment required for each surgical procedure. The present study aimed to determine the effect of designing and implementing surgical preference card software on the clinical skills of operating room students at Jiroft University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental intervention study in which 70 operating room students from the 4th, 6th, and 8th semesters of the undergraduate operating room program were selected through a census method and were trained using educational software designed by the researcher. Before and after the training, their clinical skills were assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire and checklist. To confirm the validity of the questionnaires and the researcher-made checklist, the opinion of an expert panel (12 expert faculty members) and the consensus of peer reviewers were used. Then, the data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, nonparametric Wilcoxon test, and analysis of covariance test.
Results: According to the research findings, the use of the designed software was effective on the clinical skills of operating room students. Based on the results of the Willcocson tests, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of the students’ clinical skills test before and after implementing the designed software. The results of the study showed that the clinical skill scores of the students increased after using the software. The maximum scores of the samples are calculated from 100 points. The average clinical skill score of the subjects in the study increased from 40.98 before the educational intervention to 92.36 after the intervention, and the students had a higher level of skill in preparing the items and tools needed by the surgical team in all three stages before, during, and after surgery. Also, in the study, no relationship was found between any of the demographic variables studied, such as age, gender, and academic semester, and the clinical skills of the study members (P<0/05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the design and use of surgical preference card software in training procedure of operating room students has had an impact on improve their clinical skills. Therefore, the design and use of educational software in the field of anticipating the needs and preparing the requirements of each surgical procedure is recommended to all professors and officials in the operating room field.
Materials and Methods: This study was a semi-experimental intervention study in which 70 operating room students from the 4th, 6th, and 8th semesters of the undergraduate operating room program were selected through a census method and were trained using educational software designed by the researcher. Before and after the training, their clinical skills were assessed using a researcher-made questionnaire and checklist. To confirm the validity of the questionnaires and the researcher-made checklist, the opinion of an expert panel (12 expert faculty members) and the consensus of peer reviewers were used. Then, the data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, nonparametric Wilcoxon test, and analysis of covariance test.
Results: According to the research findings, the use of the designed software was effective on the clinical skills of operating room students. Based on the results of the Willcocson tests, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of the students’ clinical skills test before and after implementing the designed software. The results of the study showed that the clinical skill scores of the students increased after using the software. The maximum scores of the samples are calculated from 100 points. The average clinical skill score of the subjects in the study increased from 40.98 before the educational intervention to 92.36 after the intervention, and the students had a higher level of skill in preparing the items and tools needed by the surgical team in all three stages before, during, and after surgery. Also, in the study, no relationship was found between any of the demographic variables studied, such as age, gender, and academic semester, and the clinical skills of the study members (P<0/05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the design and use of surgical preference card software in training procedure of operating room students has had an impact on improve their clinical skills. Therefore, the design and use of educational software in the field of anticipating the needs and preparing the requirements of each surgical procedure is recommended to all professors and officials in the operating room field.
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