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A Comparative Evaluation Of Sensitivity And Specificity Of Qualitative Urine Pregnancy Tests With Rapid hCG Immunoenzymatic Test
Arezoo Rasti, Mehrnaz Geranmayeh , Hamid Reza Shah Mohammadi , Reza Golam Nejad Jafari , Fatemeh Niazi , Samaneh Shabani , Roya Sharifian , Yousef Erfani ,
Volume 7, Issue 5 (1-2014)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Early diagnosis of pregnancy is very important to prevent fetal damage due to specific drug consumption and high-risk behaviors. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of quantitative agglutination pregnancy tests in urine and rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 390 women who referred to healthcare centers where their urine samples were tested with latex agglutination (direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition) and the results were compared with rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay test in serum as a gold standard.

Results: The sensitivity of direct agglutination (82.05 % ) was more than that of agglutination inhibition (81.2 % ), but the specificity of the tests were equal (99.27 % ). The agreement coefficients between direct agglutination and agglutination inhibition on the one hand and rapid β HCG immunoenzymatic assay on the other were 0.859 and 0.853, respectively.

Conclusion : The possibility of negative results in direct agglutination is more than that of agglutination inhibition, but the specificity of both qualitative tests is equal. Besides, both tests may have an equal possibility of false positive results. Since the occurrence of false negative results in qualitative tests is higher than that in serum gold standard, the negative results of such tests should be confirmed with more sensitive methods such as rapid β hCG immunoenzymatic assay.


The Effects of Long-term and Simultaneous Administration of Methylphenidate and Nicotine before and During Pregnancy on the Microscopic Structure of Testicular Tissue in Male Offspring of Mice
Parastoo Zakipour, Davoud Kianifard, Ghasem Akbari, Emad Khalilzadeh,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (5-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Methylphenidate (MPH) is one of the commonly used drugs in the treatment of hyperactivity disorder in children. The use of MPH has been associated with increased activity of the central nervous system so may lead to the abuse of this compound. Nicotine is one of the compounds available in a wide range of people in various forms. The negative effects of nicotine on pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis have been reported. In this study, the effects of long-term and simultaneous administration of methylphenidate and nicotine before and during pregnancy in mice on the microscopic structure of testicular tissue in newborn babies were evaluated.
Materials and Methods: Adult mice received nicotine and methylphenidate for eight weeks before and during pregnancy. Embryologic indices and microscopic structure of testicular tissue were evaluated in newborn babies.
Results: The results showed that embryologic and histologic indices in newborns from treated mice decreased in comparison to control group. A decrease of cellular population of seminiferous tubules and development of some structural changes in seminiferous tubules has been observed in treated groups.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the simultaneous administration of nicotine and methylphenidate before and during pregnancy could induce some structural alterations in testicular tissue in embryonic development and postnatal period.

Study of Association between Factor XI Polymorphism and Recurrent Miscarriage in Iran Helal Infertility Center (Rouyesh) Patients
Sonia Hajizadeh, Hamid Choobineh, Azadeh Omidkhoda, Shaban Alizadeh, Mohammad Jafar Sharifi, Zeinab Kavosh,
Volume 13, Issue 3 (9-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Recurrent pregnancy loss(RPL) is known as two or three pregnancy losses before 20th week of pregnancy. RPL accounts for 5% of abortions in women and has a devastating effect on the marital status of families. One of the reasons for RPL is hemostatic complications; thus, we studied the correlation between factor XI polymorphism and RPL in patients who referred to Helal Infertility Center(Rouyesh).
Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 144 patients with a history of miscarriages(at least two) and 150 healthy female with a minimum of one successful birth and no abortion were enrolled. DNA extraction was taken from leukocytes of whole blood. To investigate the polymorphisms, polymerase chain reaction was run, and the presence of polymorphism was analyzed using RFLP method.
Results: Regarding FXI polymorphism, TT, CT, and CC genotype frequencies were 59.7%, 36.1%, and 4.2%, respectively. In healthy control group, the TT, CT, and CC frequencies were 45.3%, 49.4%, and 5.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: TT homozygote genotype could be an RPL risk factor(p<0.05); however, in its CT heterozygote form, C allele could have a protective role against RPL.
 

The Use of Online Social Networks and Their Role in Sharing Health Information among Pregnant Women of Kerman
Reza Abbasi, Leila Ahmadian, Seyedeh Razieh Farrahi,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The online social networks as new and widespread sources of information have been able to facilitate the accessibility of people to health information. The aim of this study was to determine the use of online social networks and their role in sharing health information among pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Kerman in the winter of 2017. The study participants were the pregnant women referring to 21 gynecologists’ private offices in Kerman city. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of this questionnaire was confirmed by 4 medical informatics and health information management specialists, and its reliability (71%) was estimated with Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive statistics and analytical tests.
Results: In general, 89% of pregnant women used online social networks and more than 80% of them used it daily. Moreover, more than 57% used these networks for the related information about health and pregnancy period care, and almost 68% of pregnant women considered these networks useful.
Conclusion: This study showed the widespread use of online social networks among pregnant women in Kerman city. If accurate and trustworthy information bits were shared in such networks, they could provide an appropriate platform to improve the awareness, knowledge and health literacy of pregnant woman, and facilitate the exchange of information and experience among them.

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