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Showing 3 results for Psychometrics
Design and Psychometrics of Quality of Life Assessment Tools for Patients with Hypertension
Afzal Shamsi, Nahid Dehghan Nayeriه,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hypertension is the strongest independent and modifiable factor for heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular accident and chronic kidney disease worldwide, which affects the quality of life of patients. In order to accurately assess the quality of life of patients, it is necessary to design a special questionnaire consisting of different dimensions in order to provide a good view of the quality of life of these patients. The purpose of this study is “Design and psychometrics of quality of life tools for patients with hypertension.”
Materials and Methods: The present study is a methodological research that was conducted in qualitative and quantitative parts. Participants in this study were 260 patients with hypertension referring to medical centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). The items were designed based on the qualitative part of the study and review of texts. The validation characteristics of the questionnaire were performed using face validity, content (qualitatively and quantitatively using two indicators CVR and CVI) and structure (with exploratory factor analysis approach). The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by internal consistency and stability methods.
Results: In the qualitative section, 55 items were extracted, which after calculating the item impact score index with values higher than 1.5, content validity ratio greater than 0.56 and content validity index higher than 0.57, 45 items were selected. Using heuristic factor analysis, 42 items and three factors: 1) disease dominance including two subscales of physical (7 items) and psychosocial (20 items), 2) coping with the disease (12 items) and 3) compliance with Drug therapy (3 items) was found to jointly account for 53.30% of the observed variance. Cronbach’s alpha reported the internal reliability of the questionnaire as excellent, at 91%.
Conclusion: The designed questionnaire has appropriate and approved psychometric properties (validity and reliability) to measure the quality of life of patients with hypertension. Therefore, this tool is recommended for measuring the variables in Iranian patients with hypertension.

Psychometric Properties of Short Version of the Postgraduate Hospital Educational Environment Measure (PHEEM) for the Residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Roghayeh Gandomkar, Azim Mirzazadeh, Amin Hoseini Shavoun,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (12-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Evaluation of hospital environments with reliable and valid tools is considered to be one of the essential prerequisites for continuous improvement of the hospital learning environment. The present study aimed to translate and evaluate psychometric properties of the short version of the PHEEM questionnaire among the residents of Tehran University of Medical Sciences residents. 
Materials and Methods: This was a psychometric evaluation study. After translation and back translation, the questionnaire was provided to 18 experts. The content validity was qualitatively checked using the coefficients of content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), and face validity. Then, the revised questionnaire was distributed among 20 residents. Face validity was evaluated by qualitative method and cognitive interview to check the questionnaire items in terms of difficulty level, appropriateness, and ambiguity. The test-retest method checked initial reliability by redistributing the questionnaire to the same residents with an interval of two weeks. In order to determine construct validity, the modified questionnaire was distributed among 548 medical residents from 24 specialized fields. The sample was selected using the convenience sampling method. Then the data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha.
Results: The questionnaire’s content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were 0.93 and 0.88, respectively. Based on the results of face validity, some minor changes were made to the vocabulary of most items, and item 12 was wholly changed. The ICC coefficient was more than 0.90 in all dimensions. In the exploratory factor analysis using the principal component method (PCA), the Kaiser-Meyer-Elkin value was 0.83. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was statistically significant (P<0.001), which confirms the functionality of the correlation matrix. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.83, which indicates the internal consistency of the questionnaire items. 
Conclusions: According to the results, the PHEEM short-version questionnaire has good reliability and validity (face, content, and structure) among medical residents. Therefore, this measure can be used to evaluate residents’ perceptions regarding the quality of the educational environment of hospitals.  
 

Design and Psychometric Evaluation of a Questionnaire to Assess Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Attitudes and Performance towards Online Exams and Its Relationship with Academic Achievement
Zohre Abbaszade Molaei, Aeen Mohammadi, Manijeh Hooshmandja,
Volume 18, Issue 5 (11-2024)
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the advancement of information technology in the new century, changes are experienced in all aspects of life. One of the reflections of these changes in education is conducting exams electronically instead of paper-and-pencil examinations. The success of virtual education is not achievable without considering the students’ viewpoints towards it. This study aimed to investigate the attitude and performance of students in online exams and their relationship with academic achievement.
Materials and Methods: This research is a mixed-method study (qualitative-quantitative). First, all related articles published, between 2000 to 2022, were extracted from ERIC, PubMed, ScienceDirect databases, and the Google Scholar search engine. Then, the attitude and performance questionnaire was designed and validated based on the literature review results. All BSc and MSc. nursing and midwifery students of Sarivar Nassibeh School filled out the questionnaire. Two hundred and five questionnaires were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (t-test) statistics.
Results: Based on a content analysis of 15 selected articles, the extracted components were structured into 12 items. A preliminary questionnaire was designed with 28 questions across these 12 extracted components. Face validity was assessed using expert opinions, and necessary revisions were made. Both the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) coefficients were employed for content validity. The final questionnaire comprised 22 items using a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly agree (score 5) to strongly disagree (score 1), with an internal consistency of 0.69. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the questionnaire has six factors: “validity and accuracy”, “technical problems”, “types of questions and announcing the results”, “technique and simplicity”, “motivation and anxiety”, and “speed and error recording” that explain 60.88 percent of the total variance. Correlation results indicated no relationship between students’ attitudes and performance toward electronic examinations and academic achievement (r = 0.055, P-value = 0.432). There was a significant difference between male and female groups, BSc. and MSc. nursing and midwifery students, and semester of study.
Conclusion: The tool for measuring students’ attitudes and performance towards electronic exams has acceptable validity and reliability. This tool can be used to assess online exams and improvement plans.

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