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A Survey of Librarians' Perspectives on Marketing Library Services Using Social Media in Tehran, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences
Sirus Panahi, Leila Nemati Anaraki, Nahid Roostaei,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The present study has examined librarians' views on the marketing of library services using social media as well as the applications, benefits, and challenges of their use in Tehran, Iran, and Shahid Beheshti Universities of Medical Sciences. 
Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive and applied survey and was conducted in 2019. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on texts. The validity of the content of the questionnaire was confirmed by 9 professors of librarianship and medical information, and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by an alpha coefficient of 0.95. The study population consisted of 115 librarians working in the mentioned libraries. Descriptive statistics and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. 
Results: The results of the present study indicate that the level of librarians’ knowledge about social media tools with an average of 3.49 is at a relatively desirable level and the rate of use in library affairs with an average of 1.81 is undesirable. In addition, Telegram, WhatsApp and blogs are the most frequently used social media tools, respectively. Moreover, challenges examined from librarians’ point of view are examined separately at different levels of factors related to librarians, users, technical factors and organizational factors. Challenges of social media filtering in Iran are those in marketing library services with an average of 3.6 and security issues in using social media with an average of 2.8 with the fewest challenges among organizational factors. From librarians’ point of view, lack of specific rules for using social media in marketing library services with an average of 3.25 is the most and the challenge of legal and financial issues of the library as an affiliated organization with an average of 2.91 is one of the fewest challenges in using social media in marketing library services from the librarians' point of view.
Conclusion: Familiarity and importance of using social media for marketing in libraries was in a relatively favorable position from the librarians' point of view. Low cost of use has been the most important advantage and lack of interest and resistance to use have been the most important challenges of using social networks in library marketing.

A Bibliometric and Altmetrics Analysis of Highly Cited Articles in the Field of Infectious Diseases
Najibeh Shenavar, Hashem Atapour, Ameneh Shenavar,
Volume 15, Issue 5 (1-2022)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Infectious Diseases are among the diseases involved in public health and a high percentage of causes of death worldwide are attributed to these diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of highly cited articles in the field of infectious diseases based on bibliometrics and Altmetrics indicators.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was applied research that has been done using bibliometrics and Altmetrics methods. The research population included 687 highly cited articles indexed on the Web of Science (WOS) database between 2010-2020. Web of Science database and Bookmarklet tool was used for data collection and VOSviewer, Excel, and SPSS software were used for data analysis.
Results: The production process of highly cited articles have had an upward trend. The highest publication rate was in 2020 and the lowest in 2010. The United States published the largest number of articles with 49%, and Lisa Maragakis and Deborah Yokoe were among the most prolific writers. The Lancet Infectious Diseases Magazine and the Center Disease Control Prevention Institute have contributed the most to the publication of articles citing infectious diseases. Vocabulary: COVID 19, epidemiology, disease, mortality, and infection were the most widely used terms in the field of infectious diseases. Mendeley and Twitter were also among the most important social media sites that cited highly cited articles.
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between Altmetrics indices and the number of citations. Also, by identifying the characteristics of highly cited articles in the field of infectious diseases, an attempt has been made to provide a clear view of the top authors, countries, institutions, and journals, and of course, researchers can use the hot and emerging topics identified in this research in future research.

The Impact of E-Health Literacy Education Based on Self-Efficacy Theory on the Effective Use of Virtual Social Networks among First-Year Afghan High School Students
Fateme Rezaei, Elaheh Lael-Monfared, Nooshin Peyman,
Volume 20, Issue 1 (4-2026)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Adolescents spend most of their time online participating in social media activities rather than seeking scientific or health information. This study aimed to investigate the effect of e-health literacy training based on self-efficacy theory on the effective use of virtual social networks among first-year Afghan high school students in Mashhad.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study used multi-stage cluster sampling in a randomized manner to create intervention and control groups. A total of 104 Afghan girls and boys first-year secondary school students were randomly selected from four self-governing refugee schools in 2024. The intervention group (53 participants) attended four training sessions, while the control group (51 participants) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected before, immediately following, and three months after the educational intervention. The following questionnaires were used to collect data: a demographic information questionnaire; the standard Sherer self-efficacy questionnaire, which had a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82; the standard e-health literacy questionnaire, which had a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.88; and the standard social networking questionnaire, which had a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.85. The data were analyzed using SPSS  software. The significance level was considere  as P<0.05.
Results: Of the 104 participating students, 53 were in the intervention group (28 girls and 25 boys), and 51 were in the control group (26 girls and 25 boys). The age of participants in the intervention group was 13.55±0.50 years. Fifty two point eight percent of them had fathers with primary education, and 64.2% of them had fathers who were workers. Thirty five point eight percent them had illiterate mothers. A significant difference was found between students’ e-health literacy and their fathers’ level of education (P<0.05). A significant difference was observed in the effective use of virtual social networks based on the father’s job and income, and the mother’s education level (P<0.05). A significant difference was reported between self-efficacy and their father’s education (P<0.05). In the intervention group, E-health literacy increased from 16.85±2.61 to 29.15±1.89, The effective use of virtual social networks decreased from 50.04±15.05 to 37.57±8.38, and self-efficacy increased from 50.96±4.78 to 64.47±5.19, which was statistically significant (P<0.0001).
Conclusion: The findings showed that education can increase students’ e-health literacy and self-efficacy, as well as their ability to effectively use virtual social networks. It is recommended that schools provide opportunities to strengthen e-health literacy through curricula and create supportive environments to increase students’ self-efficacy in effectively using virtual social networks. It is also better to consider the active participation of parents and teachers in designing interventions.

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