Journal of

Background and Aim: Internal Evaluation is a process of providing evaluative-descriptive information based on the value and significance of educational objectives, operations and results to direct decisions, responses, information and research processes.

Materials and Methods: In this research, studying the opinions of faculty members, students, and graduates, the educational system of Medical Laboratory Sciences Department at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) was evaluated in the year 2010. The aim the study was to remodel and adjust the educational system with the society's needs and to promote the educational quality. The employed method was a cross-sectional, descriptive one and consisted of 10 procedural steps in eight sections dealing with the evaluated factors such as faculty members and students, and the satisfaction expressed by students.

Results: The results of the study showed that the average of the eight investigated sections was 70.6% for the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, which can be interpreted as desirable.

Conclusion: Internal evaluation can be considered as one of the best methods of improving the quality of education in the faculty of Allied Health Sciences School

 Background and Aim: Strategic thinking plays a very important role in guarding organizational survival and increasing development in today's dynamic and changing environment. One of the elements of strategic thinking is systemic thinking, which forms the conceptual framework to solve issues in an organization. This study aims to determine the ability of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) senior managers to stick to systemic thinking based on Friedrik Goldman’s model.

Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive- analytic study conducted on a sample of 100 TUMS senior managers in 2010. The data collection instrument was a standard questionnaire on systemic thinking, the response rate of which turned out to be 97%. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were confirmed prior to its distribution. SPSS software was used for data analysis. To this end, single sample t-test and Friedman statistical methods were also applied.

Results: The findings revealed that the ability of systemic thinking was optimal among most TUMS senior managers.

Conclusion : Enhancing and strengthening systemic thinking among TUMS senior managers are suggested, especially regarding omniscient and multi-end approach.

Background and Aim: Employees suggestion plan (ESP) is designed to encourage and improve employees’ participation in developmental planning. The establishment of this system needs cultural, individual and structural preparedness. This study is aimed to determine organizational preparedness in Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).

Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study conducted in TUMS headquarters in Tehran, Iran. The heterogeneous sample of this study consisted of 155 employees. They were asked to fill out a researcher-made questionnaire to assess their attitude towards organizational preparedness for ESP establishment. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. The data were analyzed by SPSS, and descriptive results were presented. The data were also analyzed by Friedman and ANOVA statistical methods.

Results: Most of the employees had a positive attitude towards the existence of individual and cultural preparedness for ESP establishment in TUMS. However, they believed the desired structural preparedness for this process did not exist.

Conclusion : The desired organizational preparedness for ESP establishment exists in TUMS, although structural preparedness is not desirable. Therefore, it is suggested that necessary modifications should be made in TUMS organizational structure for effective ESP implementation.

Background and Aim: Diagnosis of preeclampsia has an essential role in applying appropriate treatment plan for the patients. The aim of this study was to design an expert system in order to diagnos preeclampsia in order to assist the clinicians.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which resulted in developing a new system. The study population consisted of all patients admitted to three Maternity hospitals affliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). Sample size included 215 medical records which were randomly selected. The results obtained were compared with the diagnosis from experts by kappa test using SPSS software.

Results: First of all, input parameters fuzzificated and entered into inference engine. Outputs were categorized in two groups as patients and healthy, with the final diagnosis and clinical explanation. The results obtained from system evaluation showed that accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of the system were 98.2 percent, 100 percent and 96.4 percent respectively.

Conclusion: Based on evaluation results, it could be concluded that fuzzy logic is an efficient method for designing of expert systems in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Also, due to the similarity of the logic used in the proposed system with workflow and medical decision making, it will be accepted by the physicians.

Background and Aim: The analysis of patients’ safety clinical indicators is considered as one of the safety improvement instruments. Therefore, the present study is aimed to analyze the indices of safety clinical services in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).

Materials and Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 11 TUMS hospitals in 2013. The study tool was the patient safety evaluation protocol of the World Health Organization (WHO). A checklist was completed following interviews, observations, and documentation reviews. The data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical tests, and SPSS software version 13.

Results: The average scores of the studied hospitals were 96.6, 85.6 and 66 for the required, basic and advanced indices, respectively. The figure was not acceptable in required standards, but it was acceptable in basic and advanced ones. In the studied hospitals, numbers 7, 2, 4, 11, and 9 enjoyed the highest amount of conformity with standard, and were placed in rank 2 according to the ranking protocol. Finally, there was no meaningful statistical difference among hospitals in their observance of standards.

Conclusion: Conformity with necessary standards was low in 6 studied hospitals, but in 5 hospitals, it was acceptable in basic and advanced standards. Hospitals need enhancement programs in statements of information management system, drugs management system, infection reduction system, and effective clinical system.

Background and Aim: InterProfessional Education (IPE) and collaboration is an inseparable part of professional team work to render efficient patient care. In addition, the readiness of medical students to take part in InterProfessional (IP) activities and considering IPE in undergraduate medical curriculum positively affects the IPE. This descriptive cross-sectional study aims to adapt the RIPLS for these contexts.

Materials and Methods: Permission to translate the questionnaire was secured from its developers (Parsell and Bligh). The questionnaire was translated to Persian and its face and content validity was confirmed by an expert panel (N=10). The adapted version was distributed among a random group of senior medical students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (N=40). Finally, Test- retest was performed and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to assess reliability and internal consistency of the instrument. The Cronbach’s alpha’s cut-off point was 0.7 in this study.

Results: Experts confirmed face and content validity of the questionnaire, and it was internally consistent. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.92. The intra-class correlation (ICC) was above 0.7 in each subscale.

Conclusion: This study indicates that Farsi version of RIPLS questionnaire is valid and reliable and it can be used to assess interprofessional readiness in Iranian contexts.

Background and Aim: Conflict, is a natural and inevitable phenomenon in any organization. Nursing organizations, especially due to environmental stresses, nature of work, variety of interaction, responsibilities and staff are vulnerable to conflict. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of conflict, cause of conflict and conflict management strategies among nurses in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) in 2013.
Materials and Methods: This research is cross-sectional and descriptive - analytic study. The research sample included 240 nurses at four hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. In order to measure conflict level dubrins conflict level questionnaire and for measure conflict management Robins conflict management strategies were used, for survey to accept or reject the study hypothesis, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests with SPSS software was performed.
Results: Results showed that the nurse's conflict level was located at average level. Factors relating nurse practitioner frequent cause of conflict, identified strategies of conflict management were solution orientation, non-intervention, control, In the present study  conflict level had showed significant statistical relation with age of nurses (p=0.048). 
Control strategy had showed significant statistical relation with age (p=0.006) and work experience (p=0.024). Solving oriented strategy had showed significant statistical relation with age (p=0.02).
Conclusion: Conflict is a two-dimensional phenomenon, conflict can be both positive and negative results, how to deal with conflict, it is crucial for consequences.