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Rapid screening of Tuberculosis with Immunodot Technic using the 38 KD antigen of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
M Izadyar , Ar Salehinodeh , Sa Razavi , St Shahrestani , A Sarrafnejad ,
Volume 3, Issue 2 (9-2009)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease with worldwide distribution. Based on WHO report one third of people are affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Today, the traditional bacteriological methods are only available using diagnostic methods for detection of tuberculosis. Innovation of a simple and efficient method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis is one of the most important aims of the world program against tuberculosis. The methods which are based on indicating of specific antibody response against mycobacterial antigens are potentially valuable for substituting traditional methods. These methods have attracted the researchers' attention for some reasons. Firstly the strong antibody response against mycobacterial antigens is detected only during active tuberculosis. Secondly the serologic methods are simple rapid, cheap and noninvasive. Thirdly, these methods in contrast to cutaneous PPD test are able to differentiate between an asymptomatic contamination with mycobacterium and active disease. In this study, a secretary glycoprotein antigen of mycobacteriurn tuberculosis, named 38 kD antigen, was used for a screening test for diagnosis of tuberculosis by immunodot method, since in previous researches, this antigen was considered as a special specific one in serological tests and showed much specificity.

Materials and Methods: In this study the results of immunodot tests on serum of 32 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and positive sputum smear compared with 32 healthy people. Then, the results were compared with similar tests on protein was mixture of culture filtrate.

Results: Assay by using 38 kD antigen, resulted in 29 positive response among 32 patients, whereas by using protein mixture of culture filtrate, the test resulted in positive response in all patients (sensitivities are 90.6%, and 100% respectively). On the other hand, using 38 kD antigen resulted no positive response in assay with serum from healthy ones, but by using protein mixture from culture filtrate resulted in 8 positive response in healthy people (specificities 100% and 75% respectively).

Discussion and Conclusion: Results of this study showed the efficacy of using 38 kD antigen in rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis by immunodot method, because this method has more specificity and does not require sophisticated and expensive equipments. Thus this test may be used in field studies as a simple, precise and efficient test.


Design and Evaluation of Mobile Based Self-Management System for Tuberculosis
Reza Safdari, Hajar Hasan Nejadasl, Sharareh Rostam Niakan-Kalhori, Bahram Nikmanesh,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (9-2018)
Abstract
Background and Aim: In recent years, tuberculosis is a major cause of illness and mortality due to infectious diseases. In fact, one of the reasons for increasing the incidence of tuberculosis is that it is often associated with HIV infection. The present study aimed to design and establish a mobile-based self-care system for controlling tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: The data required in this research for evaluating the information and designing the application were collected in two main steps: first, the data required in this research for information needs assessment and application design were collected by searching in library resources. A questionnaire was applied by physicians to validate and determine the significance of these elements.  Afterwards, based on information elements and the self-care, application was designed in the Android Studio environment.
Results: Information elements and functional capabilities required by the program were determined. Web-based services as a system interface, not only provided the communication between the patient and the care provider, also allowed for patient monitoring and disease control. Then evaluation of the performance and performance of the program was done by doctors and software experts. The findings showed user satisfaction with the application.
Conclusion: Monitoring of treatment electronically allows for less costly monitoring of the patient. In this study, we present a prototype of the relationship between self-care application and portal and its potential benefits, which will allow future studies to improve and add new capabilities.

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Artificial Intelligence (Naive Bayes Algorithm)
Nastaran Abbasi Hasanabadi, Farzad Firouzi Jahantigh, Payam Tabarsi,
Volume 13, Issue 6 (2-2020)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the implementation of effective preventive and therapeutic programs, no significant success has been achieved in the reduction of tuberculosis. One of the reasons is the delay in diagnosis. Therefore, the creation of a diagnostic aid system can help to diagnose early Tuberculosis. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the role of the Naive Bayes algorithm as a tool for the diagnosis of pulmonary Tuberculosis.
Materials and Methods: In this practical study, the study population included Patients with TB symptoms, the study sample is recorded data of 582 individuals with primary Tuberculosis symptoms in Tehran's Masih Daneshvari Hospital. The data of samples were investigated in two classes of pulmonary Tuberculosis and non-Tuberculosis. A Naive Bayes algorithm for screening pulmonary Tuberculosis using primary symptoms of patients has been used in Python software version 3.7.
Results: Accuracy, sensitivity and specificity after the implementation of the Naive Bayes algorithm for diagnosis of pulmonary Tuberculosis were %95.89, %93.59 and %98.53, respectively, and the Area under curve was calculated %98.91.
Conclusion: The performance of a Naive Bayes model for diagnosis of pulmonary Tuberculosis is accurate. This system can be used to help the patient and manage illness in remote areas with limited access to laboratory resources and healthcare professional and cause to diagnose early Tuberculosis. It can also lead to timely and appropriate proceedings to control the transmission of TB to other people and to accelerate the recovery of the disease.

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