| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Introduction: Hallucinations, especially visual hallucination, are Considered to affect about one -quarter of patients with Parkinson's disease. They are viewed as a side - effect of anti Parkinsonian drugs, but other factors such as age, sex, stage of disease and duration of disease onset may be involved. Hallucinations were a risk factor for permanent nursing home placement, with its associated high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hallucinations and type of them in the patients with Parkinson's disease and to determine risk factors may be involved in the creation of them. Materials and Methods: In this study during the 18 months the patients that had the Parkinson's disease clinical diagnostic Criteria studied. During this period for 100 patient especial questionnaires were completed and then after the appointment of prevalence of hallucinations, the patient were divided in two groups of Parkinson Patients with hallucination and without hallucination and they were compared for age, sex, duration of disease onset, stage of disease, types of used drugs and clinical diagnostic criteria that includes bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, rest tremor, Postural instability, history of repeated strokes, history of repeated head trauma, history of definite encephalitis, unilateral onset, Evidence of progression of disease, the presence of asymmetry, excellent response to Levodopa, severe Levodopa – induced chorea, Levodopa response for more than 5 years and clinical course of more than 10 years. Results: The prevalence of hallucinations in the patients of our study was %24. The most common of these were visual hallucinations (%79.2 of the total hallucinations), after them they were visual- Auditory hallucinations (%12.5), proprioceptive hallucinations (%4.2) and Auditory hallucinations (%4.2) of the total hallucinations. Among the clinical diagnostic criteria, hallucinations had relationship with the postural instability (P=0.005) and the evidence of progression of disease. (P=0.022) Hallucinations also were related with the stage of disease. (P=0.000), among the used drugs, hallucinations were related with Levodopa (P=0.000), carbidopa (P=0.000), trihexy phenidyl (P=0.004) and Amantadine (P=0.030). The average dose of daily use in these drugs in the patients with hallucination, from left to right, was 722.5, 75, 6, 266.7 milligram per day. Conclusion: Hallucinations were present in 24% patients with Parkinson's disease that in addition to the drugs include Levodopa, Carbidopa, Trihexyphenidyl and Amantadine, other factors such as the postural instability, the evidence of progression of disease had stage of disease have a role in the appearance of these hallucinations. Keyword: Parkinson's Disease, Hallucinations, Anti Parkinsonian Drugs |
