Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms of Adiponectin gene have been associated with BMI, insulin sensitivity and type 2 diabetes, reportedly. In present study we performed a genetic association study for Adiponectin gene at position +45*T/G in type 2 diabetes and normal subjects of Tehran population.

Methods: Diabetic patients were selected from diabetes clinic and normal healthy control subjects aged between 25-64 years selected from zone 17 of Tehran. Adiponectin gene polymorphism was analyzed using PCR-RFLP method in normal healthy controls (N=70), obese diabetic patients (N=80) and non-obese diabetic patients (N=72).

Results: Frequency of TT genotype was 62.5% in non-obese diabetic patients and 78% in control group, that was statistically significant (TT vs TG+GG: P=0.02, OR=2.2, CI:0.98-5.00). There was also a significant difference for allele T and G frequencies when we compared between non-obese diabetic patients and controls group. The frequency of allele G was increased in non-obese diabetic (20.1%) patients compared to controls (12%) (P: 0.04 OR: 1.8 CI: 0.9-3.7).

Conclusion: This study showed TG and GG alleles of Adiponectin gene polymorphism at position +45*T/G are risk factors for development of diabetes mellitus while this effect is independent from BMI and obesity.