| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Background: There is still controversy about the method and the age of toilet training and they are varied in different cultures. The aim of study is to determine the beliefs of Iranian parents about the appropriate age, the true age, the methods used for toilet training, and the association with voiding problems. Methods: 349 questionnaires contained items about demographic data, the belief of parents, the method applied, and the true age of accomplish toilet training were filled-out for children aged 2 month-5 year. In addition, pediatric lower urinary tract scoring system questionnaire were distributed among 217 children with lower urinary tract symptoms aged 5-15 years between 2008 and 2010 in outpatient clinics. P < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: From 566 (335 girls and 231 boys) children assigned to the study. In asymptomatic group, the majority of parents believed that the appropriate age of starting toilet training was 1-2 years. The method used by the parents was intensive in 52% and child-oriented in 44%.There was strong reverse correlation between the level of education of father with applying punishment for training, , direct correlation between toilet refusal and the later age of completing toilet training (LR:6.3,P<0.05). The mean age of completing toilet training was about 23 month in asymptomatic and 23.7 month in symptomatic children(P>0.05).There was no correlation between wetting episodes at day or night and the age of toilet training. Conclusion: Intensive approach was more popular and the age of toilet training had no influence on the lower urinary tract symptoms. |
