Sm Alavi Naeini , Sa Jazayeri , N Moghaddam Banaem , Gh.a Afrooz , Behboodi,
Volume 58, Issue 1 (6 2000)
Abstract
The effects of taking snacks on the learning ability and educational achievement of elementary school children in district 18 of Tehran educational organization were examined in the school year 1997-98. Other factors such as grade, nutritional status, breakfast eating habits and snack eating habits in the school were also studied. For this purpose 236 boys were selected by random sampling in 4 different schools. The children were randomly assigned to a group, with a low calorie snack (119 subjects), and a low-calorie control group (117 subjects), and then given 3 cognitive functions tests. The test were repeated after 4 months. The data were collected by questionnaires and included family socio-economic conditions, nutritional status and dietary habit of the children. Also, the grades of the major courses and scores of cognitive tests were collected, and the effects of treatment on the mean grades and scores differences were determined by T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Our findings are presented as follow: The experimental and control groups were similar in the initial assessment. 7.1% of the students were stunted based on height-for-age classification (NCHS). The intervention led to an increase in tests scores, but the increase was only significant in the case of the short-term memory test (P<0.03). The findings of the study showed that the intervention was effective on short-term memory and since short-term memory function in memorization process and retrieval of subjects form long-term memory and congenitive functions, we can conclude that the food intervention with an energy lower than 10% of recommended dietary needs increases learning ability level of the subjects. Stunting and the habit of eating breakfast were related to educational performance of students. Therefore implementation of such programs in the community, such as food intervention and nutritional education may be effective.
Seyed Hamid Borsi, Hanieh Raji, Mehrdad Dargahi Malamir , Forogh Nokhostin, Afrooz Kargaran,
Volume 79, Issue 4 (July 2021)
Abstract
Background: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (LMWH) is recommended as the first-line treatment in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE), but many patients prefer to take oral anticoagulants and non-injectable forms with more reasonable price. Venous thromboembolism is a very common comorbidity in patients with cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the rivaroxaban compared with enoxaparin in patients with cancer and VTE.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with non-hematologic cancer and deep vein thrombosis (DVP) or pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) enrolled into Imam Khomeini hospital, from November 2019 to March 2020 in Ahvaz. The participants randomly assigned in two treatment groups (25 patients in each group) of rivaroxaban (15 mg every 12 hours for the first three weeks and then orally at 20 mg daily) or enoxaparin (1 mg/kg by subcutaneous injection every 12 hours) and followed for 6 months to evaluate the efficacy, complications and safety (incidence of recurrent VTE, major bleeding and deaths) of these therapies in Ahvaz.
Results: The three most common cancer diagnoses were breast (n=11, 22%), colon (n=10, 20%), and lung (n=7, 14%). Major bleeding at 6 months was only seen in one patient (4%) in the enoxaparin group and did not occur in the rivaroxaban group (P>0.05). Minor bleeding occurred in 1 patient (4%) in the rivaroxaban group and did not occur in the enoxaparin group (P>0.05). One patient in the enoxaparin group died because of fever and neutropenia. The prevalence of DVT and PTE in cancer patients was not significantly different based on patient age (P=0.154), gender (P=0.430), BMI (P=0.490), underlying disease (P=0.294), smoking (P=0.955), type of cancer (P=0.527), and metastatic cancer (P=0.280).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the efficacy of rivaroxaban is not less than that of enoxaparin and therefore can be a potential option for patients with non-hematologic cancer and VTE. However, further randomized, controlled trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Malihe Hasanzadeh, Marjaneh Farazestanian, Afrooz Azad, Parnian Malakuti, Maryam Esmaeilpour,
Volume 80, Issue 4 (July 2022)
Abstract
Background: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor with extensive local invasion. It often presents with a lump in the perineal area and pelvic. Since it often does not involve adjacent organs such as the urethra and anus, does not cause obstructive symptoms. Its incidence is 6 times higher in women than men. This tumor grows slowly and has a slight tendency to metastasize. However, the rate of local recurrence is high. MRI is the most widely used diagnostic method. Ultrasound and CT scan are also used for diagnosis. Due to the rarity of this tumor, it is difficult to diagnose before surgery and pathology assessment. Due to the penetrating nature of the tumor and the lack of a clear capsule, incomplete surgical resection is common. Local recurrence is common even after complete mass resection. Therefore, patients need a long follow-up. The main treatment is surgery but non-surgical interventions such as hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, arterial embolization, etc. have been associated with variable success rates.
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Case Presentation: A 54-year-old female patient presented with a vulvar mass in February 2021. The patient mentioned that the mass had existed for ten years and had increased in size in the last two years. After discussion on the tumor board, she underwent surgery. The pathology of the mass was reported to be aggressive angiomyxoma. The patient was treated with a GNRH agonist after surgery. The patient is currently under follow-up and has not had a recurrence so far (March 2020).
Conclusion: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor. It has extensive local invasion and a high recurrence rate, but distant metastasis is rare. Estrogen receptors or Progesterone receptors are commonly positive in aggressive angiomyxoma. The best treatment for aggressive angiomyxoma remains unknown. Extensive local resection of the tumor has been reported as an important therapeutic measure. In cases of mass recurrence, reoperation and hormone therapy have been effective. It is important for gynecologists to consider this tumor as a differential diagnosis when dealing with vulvar masses.
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