Showing 13 results for Ahmadinejad
Soudbakhsh A R, Ahmadinejad Z, Sistanizadeh M,
Volume 61, Issue 1 (13 2003)
Abstract
Introduction: In the patients with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) bacteriologic assessment of sputum for detection of acid bacilli (AFB) Has essential role. This evaluation is accomplished by direct sputum smear & sputum culture. These examinations must be done in regular and preferably monthly after beginning of treatment. These tests have two important aims, including, determining of treatment efficacy & duration of isolation.
Methods and Materials: Most of the studies have that classic six month regimen led to sputum smear conversion & negative sputum culture in 85% of patient. This treatment regimen has two phases, including, attack phase and maintenance phase. In the attack phase we use four drugs, including, Isoniazid (INH), Rifampin (RMP), Pyrazinamide (PZA) and Ethambutol (EMB) for the first 2 months and if necessary until the end of third month. In the maintenance phase we use INH and Rif for the remaining of treatment course. The main objectives of this study were to determine the time needed for smear conversion and assessment of probable factors which may influence the smear conversion until 4 months after beginning of therapy. The factors that were assessed, were, Age, nationality, sex, clinical symptoms, underlying diseases, chest radiography (number of cavities), smoking, drug abuse and concentration of AF13 in the sputum Generally, we did this cross sectional study on the patient's records, who had been observed in Imam Khomeni Hospital, west health service center and masih daneshvary hospital between.
Results: This study showed that from totally 218 patients, 138(74.6%) patients had sputum conversion at the first 2 months of treatment and until the end of 3rd & 4th month this rate reached to 83.3% respectively. So in the end of fourth month only 32(14.7%) patients did not show sputum smear conversion. On the other hand this study showed that two factors including presence of cavities in chest radiography & concentration of AFB in the sputum are influencing this rate strongly.
Conclusion: Role of other factors such as age, nationality , Smoking, diabetes mellitus and weigh loss are controversial and another studies are necessary for confirming their roles. Other factors including sex, clinical symptoms has not been show to be important. Some factors such as drug abuse and immunosuppresive therapy has not been assessed in this study, because number of cases were not enough for statistical analysis.
Ahmadinejad Z, Rasoiili Nejad M, Mahmoudi M, Rezaei N,
Volume 61, Issue 2 (14 2003)
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Despite its control in many developing countries the disease remains endemic in Iran. The symptoms, signs and laboratory results are variable and nonspecific. This case series study was conducted to determine the liver complications of Brucellosis in Iran
Materials and Methods: We studied 188 patients (108 males and 80 females) with Brucellosis, fulfilled the diagnostic criteria, aged 1-79 years (mean 34.8 years) were registered in Imam Khomeini Hospital, a referral center in Tehran, during the six years (1995-2001).
Results: Thirty-four of 188 cases (18.08 percent) had elevated liver enzyme (elevated SGOT only, 6 patients elevated SGPT only 1 patient elevation of both transaminases, 27 patients). The prominent symptoms included anorexia (74 cases), weight loss (62 cases), right upper quadrant pain (32 cases), epigastric pain (25 cases) and nausea and vomiting (23 cases). Among the gastrointestinal signs were found in these patients, hepatomegaly was seen in 28 patients. Jaundice and ascitis were present in only 7 and 3 patients, respectively. Other laboratory results showed elevated alkaline phosphatase in 28 cases and abnormal bilirubin in 10 cases. Fifty-seven patients had a focal illness, representing 30.32 percent of all patients. Osteoarticular complications were the most frequent focal forms, being present in 34 cases. Twelve male patients had genitourinary Brucellosis, representing 10.53 percent of focal forms. Also, 5 patients had neurologic complications.
Conclusion: In conclusion liver involvement is frequent in Brucellosis, although the rate of this complication in our study was lower than other studies. So, in patients with evidence of overt clinical or laboratory findings compatible with liver disturbance etiologies other than brucellosis should be considered in Iran.
M Hajiabdolbaghi, A.a Amirzargar, M Khaledi, F Khosravi, M Rasoolinejad, Z Ahmadinejad, A Soodbakhsh, S Gafari, B Ansaripoor , B Nikbin,
Volume 64, Issue 2 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The better understanding of immunopathologic mechanism of tuberculosis (TB) is necessary for the production of new vaccines and adjunctive immunomodulator drugs. Intended to this object, the following study including the measurement of serum concentrations of Th1 (Interferon (IFN)-y and interkeukin (IL)-2 and Th2 cytokines(IL-4AND IL-10 ) in patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB and comparisons of them with PPpositive healthy persons, was designed.
Materials and Methods: The HIV-negative patients that had sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB as defined WHO criteria and hospitalized in the infectious diseases ward of Imam Khomeini hospital or referred to health care centers in the south of Tehran, were included in the study. The PPD-positive healthy persons who were close contacts with pulmonary TB patients, were considered as control group.
Results: In this research 34 active pulmonary TB patients (including17men and 17 woman)and 23 healthy persons with PPD skin test results or = 10mm (including 12men and 11 woman) were studied. The mean ages of the patients and the healthy persons were 73 and 41 years and 74 and 27 years, respectively. The mean serum IFN-Y concentration was significantly higher in TB patients but the mean serum IL-2 IL-4and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in healthy persons. The com parison of the mean serum levels of these cytokines before and during treatment (about 2 months after starting treatment) showed that the amounts of IFN-y and IL4 were increased and the amounts of IL2 and IL-10 were decreased but only the changes of IL-10 were statistically significant. There were no effect on the cytokine changes before and during treatment by age and gender of the patients.
Conclusion: The results of the study of serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines in pulmonary TB patients were different in comparison with the results of the studies of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with M.tuberculosis antigens. SO, the simultaneous measurement of them in serum, pleural fluid, BAL fluid and the medium culture of PBMCs stimulated with the antigens is recommended.
Z Ahmadinejad, Sh Phyroosbakhsh, Z.n Hatmy, B Bagherian, H Sabery, M Bahador, M Nikzad, M Jamali Zavare, A Hadady, M Hajiabdolbaghi, M Mohraz, M. Rasolinejad, A Soudbakhsh, A Yalda,
Volume 64, Issue 2 (30 2006)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Tuberculous pleural effusion occurs in 30% of patients with tuberculosis (TB). Rapid diagnosis of a tuberculous pleural effusion would greatly facilitate the management of many patients. The purpose of this study was to determine sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of clinical, laboratory, radiographic findings in patients with tuberculous pleural effusion.
Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was performed between august 2002 and March 2004 at a referral teaching hospital. Major clinical, laboratory, and radiographic findings were evaluated in 88 cases of pleural effusion, 33 with confirmed TB pleural effusion (TBPE) and 55 with a diagnosis other than TB (NTBPE).
Results: The sensitivity of culture of pleural effusion and tissue were 3% and 9.1% respectively. The mean of adenosine deaminase (ADA) values in TBPE was 36.7 U/L (±18.72), and the mean in the NTBPE was 28.2 U/L (±17.0). Both the sensitivity and specificity of ADA estimation in diagnosing tuberculosis were 55%. The sensitivity of PCR was 3% with specificity of 12.7% (positive predictive value, 50% negative predictive value, 70%). Younger age (p<0.024), positive history of exposure to TB patient (p<0.02), and the combination of fever, weight loss and sweating (p<0.01), were associated with tuberculous pleural effusion. There were also significant association between Positive sputum smear (p<0.001), positive sputum culture (p<0.006), positive pleural biopsy (p<0.001), pleural LDH>200 (p<0.005), pleural lymphocytes>50% (p<0.015) and TBPE.
Conclusions: In our region with a high incidence of tuberculosis, the most frequent cause of exudative pleural effusion is tuberculosis. We suggest that the diagnostic planning of pleural effusion should be determined in each region with a view to the adoption of regionally optimized diagnostic and therapeutic facilities.
Ahmadinejad Z, Mobaen A.r, Kariminia A, Afhami Sh, Hatmi Zn, Torkabadi E, Yalda A,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (8 2008)
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in critically ill patients throughout the world. The incidence is increasing despite the major advances in the development of antimicrobial agents and other supportive treatments. Based on multiple studies, it has been shown that patient outcome depends on Th1 and Th2 cytokine response. Moreover, whenever the Th2 response is predominant, the sepsis is more severe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cytokine levels and the severity of sepsis in patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study on the cellular levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines was carried out in patients with sepsis and severe sepsis. The study included 37 patients (24 men and 13 women), 26 of them had sepsis and 11 had the severe form of sepsis Thirty-seven healthy volunteers served as controls. The average age of the patients was 57 years (±23.3 years), with a range of 21 to 92 years. From the whole blood of the subjects, we separated the monocytes and leukocytes, which were then cultured. Using an ELISA method, we measured levels of IFN- and IL-12 (associated with Th1), and IL-4 and IL-10 (associated with Th2) in the cultured cells with and without cell stimulation.
Results: No correlation was found for IFN- production in the cells of patients with sepsis and severe sepsis, regardless of whether the patients had died or survived. However, IL-12 levels were significantly decreased in severe sepsis compared with those of sepsis patients (P=0.048). Furthermore, the cells of expired patients also had significantly decreased IL-12 levels compared with those of surviving patients (P=0.028). We also found that the levels of IFN-, IL-4, and IL-10 were decreased in patients compared with those of controls, which correlated to their production. However, there was no correlation for IL-12 production between the cells of the patients compared with those of the controls. There was also no correlation for cytokine production between men and women with sepsis and in adults compared with that of elderly patients (>55 years old).
Conclusion: We have shown that the predominating T helper cell subset in patients with severe sepsis, as well as expired patients, is Th2. In conclusion, the correlation of Th1 cytokine production and progression of sepsis was demonstrated. Most probably IL-12 levels would be significantly lower in patients with severe sepsis and those who expired.
Khatibi M, Ahmadinejad Z, Nasiri-Toosi M, Hajibaygi B, Zahedipour H,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis C is a major cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis C infection also has extrahepatic manifestations, including cryoglobulinemia and lichen planus. Lichen planus is a relatively common mucocutaneous disorder, and, due to its chronic pattern and increased incidence of malignancy, diagnosis and treatment of this disease are very important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of oral lichen planus in HCV-infected patients.
Methods: In this cross sectional- descriptive study, the prevalence of oral lichen planus was evaluated by means of observation, clinical examination, questionnaire and evaluation of the medical records of 150 patients referred to the hepatitis clinic, gastrointentrology and infectious disease wards of Imam Khomeini Hospital and the Iran Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran. We used a sequential method for sampling. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS ver. 11) and the chi-square test.
Results: From a total 150 patients, 133 were male and 17 female. Six cases (4%) had oral lichen planus. All patients with oral lichen planus were male and the buccal mucosa was the most common site.
Conclusions: According to this study, the prevalence of oral lichen planus in patients afflicted with HCV is higher than in the normal population. We should pay more attention to oral lichen planus as one of the extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C.
Zahra Ahmadinejad , Abdolreza Soudbakhsh , Atefeh Tayebi ,
Volume 67, Issue 10 (1-2010)
Abstract
Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of hospital admission and mortality. One marker for differentiation between infectious and non-infectious diseases is serum procalcitonin (PCT) level. The goal of this study was evaluation of serum procalcitonin level for differentiation among infectious & non infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
Methods: In a cross sectional study 263 patients with probable symptoms of sepsis that admitted to emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex in Tehran, Iran, between 2006 and 2008, were evaluated for serum procalcitonin level by semi quantitative method. The clinical findings, demographic and laboratory data were identified by reviewing the medical notes.
Results: A total of 263 patients enrolled in the study. Mean age in study patients was 46.9 year (20.7) and most of the patients were male (65.8%). In 104 patients (39.5%) serum procalcitonin level was less than 0.5 (ng/ml), in 49 patients (18.6%) was between 0.5 and 2 (ng/ml), in 74 patients (28.1%) was between 2 and 10 (ng/ml) and in 36 patients (13.8%) was more than 10 (ng/ml). Sixty three patients (60.6%) with PCT<0.5ng/ml, had non-infectious SIRS, while all patients with PCT≥10ng/ml, had infectious SIRS. Procalcitonin level in patients with infectious SIRS was significantly more than patients with non-infectious SIRS (p<0.0001). Sensitivity of test for cut off point of 0.5, 2 and 10 (ng/ml) were 89.2%, 67.1% and 22.8% respectively, and its specificity for cut off points of 0.5, two and 10 were 82.9%, 96.2% and 100% respectively.
Conclusions: Procalcitonin level in combination with an appropriate clinical assessment can help us in beginning of antibiotic therapy timely and improve diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with sepsis.
Ahmadinejad Z, Soleimani Ar,
Volume 68, Issue 3 (5 2010)
Abstract
Background: Fever in neutropenic patients is a medical emergency which may happen in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The definition of neutropenia varies from institution to institution but is usually defined as an absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
< 500 cells/l or < 1,000 cells/l with a predicted nadir of < 500 cells/l. Bacterial and fungal infections are the most important in neutropenic patients. Viral infections with agents such as herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus are common but less than other pathogens.
Case presentation: We report a patient with fever & neutropenia following cytomegalovirus infection during chemotherapy course for breast cancer.
Conclusion: Although fever and neutropenia after cytomegalovirus infection is not very common but prompt diagnosis and treatment of this disease reduces the mortality and morbidity associated with cytomegalovirus. For this reason, screen testing for CMV
infection in high risk patients including patients with cancer and preemptive therapy in patients with viremia, for prevention of CMV disease could be considered as a strategy for prevention of CMV infection.
Rahmani M, Najafizadeh Sr, Sharegh H, Rahmat Sadeghi S, Ahmadinejad A,
Volume 68, Issue 6 (6 2010)
Abstract
Background: High Resolution sonography of common carotid artery is a safe method for rapid diagnosis of atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to compare sonographic findings of subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis patients and control group and comparing the prevalence of atheromatous plaques and Intima- media thickness in arteries of the groups.
Methods: Fifty RA patients and fifty non-RA persons were evaluated in a cross- sectional, Descriptive study. The sonographic findings of common carotid artery of these two groups were compared.
Results: After analysis of the sonographic findings of common carotid arteries of 100 females in our study (50 patients with the mean age of 48.1y/o [23-61] and 50 control group with the mean age of 47y/o [23-61]), the prevalence of RA patients with atheromatous plaques was 32% and in control group was 6%. [OR=7.4, 95%CI=2-27.3, p=0.001]. The mean (SD) of the Intima- Media Thickness (IMT) in RA patients was 7.76 mm (1, 04) while in control group was 6.10 mm (0.95). From 38 RA patients with less or equal 5 joints involvement in hand radiography, 13.2% had atheromatous plaques and the mean (SD) of the IMT was 7.6 (±1.1) mm. From 12 patients with more than 5 joints involvement in radiography, 91.7% had atheromatous plaques and the mean (SD) of the IMT was 8.4 (±0.7) mm. [p=0.012].
Conclusions: Regarding higher prevalence of vascular problems in RA patients, screening and early diagnosis of vascular pathologies could be of value in reducing morbidity and mortality of these patients.
Zahra Ahmadinejad , Seddighe Mansouri ,
Volume 71, Issue 4 (July 2013)
Abstract
Background: Patients with hematologic malignancies are at risk of advanced tuberculosis. The prevalence of tuberculosis between these patients is 2.1- 2.6 percent. The cellular immune deficiency caused by hematologic malignancies and or its treatment increases the risk of tuberculosis in these patients. Multiple Myeloma is malignant proliferations of plasma cells that involves different classes of immune system. Cellular and humeral immune deficiency due to the Multiple Myeloma and drugs for its treatment results in susceptibility to unusual infections. Infections are of the important factors of morbidity and mortality in patients suffering from multiple myeloma ,but coincidence of Multiple Myeloma and tuberculosis is rare and very little has been reported
Case presentation: In this paper a 60-year-old woman from Kermanshah, Iran who is suffering from back pain, weight loss, weakness and sweating will be introduced. Spondylitis was seen in her lumbar imaging. Her husband suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis. In diagnostic studies tuberculose spondylitis and multiple myeloma were diagnosed simultaneously.
Conclusion: Although the accompanying of Multiple Myeloma and tuberculosis is not common, but immunodeficiency caused by a hematologic malignancy as well as a history of close contact with a patient with tuberculosis resulted in tuberculosis of spine in this patient. Clinical features of abovementioned diseases are very similar. But in endemic area for tuberculosis, this disease should be considered because delay in diagnosis leads to increment in mortality and morbidities. Diagnosis of tuberculos spondylitis is based on radiologic and histologic features of the disease and on the response to treatment because the sensitivity of definitive diagnostic tests such as culture and PCR is low in extra pulmonary tuberculosis.
Haideh Haeri , Ghazaleh Shaker , Fahimeh Asadi Amoli , Minoo Ahmadinejad ,
Volume 71, Issue 7 (October 2013)
Abstract
Background: It is rare to find squamous metaplasia in the thyroid gland. Its existence is usually seen in association with a pathological lesion such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma. In most cases the squamous cells are few in number and squamous metaplasia is focal and small in size. Extensive squamous metaplasia of the thyroid gland is a very rare finding.
Case Presentation: We report a case of massive squamous metaplasia in Hashimoto thyroiditis in a 53 year-old- male with a four year history of hypothyroidism. Also seen in the history is impaired thyroid function tests of low T3 and T4 levels with rise in TSH. The patient currently presented with neck discomfort and a somewhat firm nodular neck mass. Ultrasonography revealed heterogeneous nodular enlargement of both thyroid lobes and a calcified nodule of the left lobe. Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid nodule was performed which reported findings suspicious for malignancy. Based on these findings the patient underwent total thyroidectomy.
Conclusion: In this article we address the causes and sources of massive squamous metaplasia in the thyroid gland. We also discuss the histopathologic differential diagnostic lesions which could be the cause of potential pitfalls encountered in the interpretation of the cytopathology and histopathology of such lesions arising in this gland.
Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh, Sogol Masoumzadeh, Shirin Nour, Sogol Kianersi, Zahra Eyvazi Zadeh, Farinaz Joneidi Shariat Zadeh, Javad Haddadnia, Farnoosh Khamseh, Nasrin Ahmadinejad,
Volume 74, Issue 6 (September 2016)
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and one of the leading of death among them. The high and increasing incidence of the disease and its difficult treatment specifically in advanced stages, imposes hard situations for different countries’ health systems. Body temperature is a natural criteria for the diagnosis of diseases. In recent decades extensive research has been conducted to increase the use of thermal cameras and obtain a close relationship between heat and temperature of the skin's physiology. Thermal imaging (thermography) applies infrared method which is fast, non-invasive, non-contact and flexibile to monitor the temperature of the human body. This paper investigates highly diversified studies implemented before and after the year 2000. And it emphasizes mostly on the newely published articles including: performance and evaluation of thermal imaging, the various aspects of imaging as well as The available technology in this field and its disadvantages in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Thermal imaging has been adopted by researchers in the fields of medicine and biomedical engineering for the diagnosis of breast cancer. With the advent of modern infrared cameras, data acquisition and processing techniques, it is now possible to have real time high resolution thermographic images, which is likely to surge further research in this field. Thermography does not provide information on the structures of the breast morphology, but it provides performance information of temperature and breast tissue vessels. It is assumed that the functional changes occured before the start of the structural changes which is the result of disease or cancer. These days, thermal imaging method has not been established as an applicative method for screening or diagnosing purposes in academic centers. But there are different centers that adopt this method for the diognosis and examining purposes. Thermal imaging is an effective method which is highly facilitative for breast cancer screening (due to the low cost and without harms), also, its impact will increase by combining other methods such as a mammogram and sonography. However, it has not been widely recognizesd as an accepted method for determineing the types of tumors (benign and malignant) and diseases of breast tissue.
Hossein Ghayoumi Zadeh , Mostafa Danaeian , Ali Fayazi , Cyrus Ahmadi Toussi , Nasrin Ahmadinejad , Mitra Navid ,
Volume 76, Issue 7 (October 2018)
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in which early breast cancer detection by the help of imaging can improve the treatment outcome. Thermography utilizes infrared beams which are fast, non-invasive, and non-contact and the output created images by this technique are flexible and useful to monitor the temperature of the human body.
Case presentation: Our patient is a 25-year-old woman who was referred to Tehran's Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, in October 2014 and June 2017 to perform clinical examinations of breast cancer at the Invasive and New Radiology Research Center of Tehran. The results of the sonography for the left breast and bilateral axillary regions and sonography guided biopsy from the left axillary region indicated that: it was consistent with the tangential prominence at 11-12 O’ clock in the left breast tissue and echo gene was found without any suspected findings. Then, using the non-contact infrared imaging camera VisIR 640 (Thermoteknix Systems Ltd, Cambridge, UK), the feasibility of thermography method in the patient's follow-up was investigated.
Conclusion: Thermography can be used to detect abnormal areas in the breast tissue that may have cystic origin. The results indicated that the accuracy of the identification and matching of patient cysts in mammography and ultrasonography with the results of thermography in both periods of October 2014 and June 2017. Considering the results, it is noteworthy that the diagnostic clock of the breast cysts in the patient is consistent with the results of the clinical trials with the thermography. Moreover, in a 2 years intervals, the status of thermal morphology status of the cystic region did not considerably change which showed a relatively stable status.
