Showing 5 results for Akbarzadeh Baghban
Akbarzadeh Baghban A, Jambarsang S, Pezeshk H, Nayeri F,
Volume 70, Issue 5 (5 2012)
Abstract
Background: Hypothermia is an important determinant of survival in newborns, especially among
low-birth-weight ones. Prolonged hypothermia leads to edema, generalized hemorrhage, jaundice and ultimately death. This study was undertaken to examine
the factors affecting transition from hypothermic state in neonates.
Methods: The study consisted
of 439 neonates hospitalized in NICU of Valiasr in Tehran, Iran in 2005. The neonates' rectal temperature was measured immediately after birth and every 30 minutes afterwards, until neonates passed hypothermia stages. In order to estimate the rate of transition from neonatal hypothermic state, we used multi-state Markov models with two covariates, birth weight and environmental temperature. We also used R package to fit the model.
Results: Estimated transition rates from severe hypothermia and mild hypothermia were 0.1192 and 0.0549 per minute,
respectively. Weight had a significant effect on transition from hypothermia to normal condition (95% CI: 0.1364-0.4165, P<0.001). Environmental
temperature significantly affected the transition from hypothermia to normal stage (95% CI: 0.0439-0.4963, P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that neonates with normal weight and neonates in an environmental temperature greater than 28 °C had a higher transition rate from hypothermia stages. Since birth weight at the time of delivery is not under the control of medical staff, keeping the environmental
temperature in an optimum level could help neonates to pass through the hypothermiastages faster.
Sara Jambarsang , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban , Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari, Farid Zayeri , Ali Nikfarjam ,
Volume 73, Issue 9 (December 2015)
Abstract
Background: After primary infection, the number of CD4 T-cells decreases with disease progress. The patient’s immunological status could inform by The CD4 T-cell counts over the time. The main purpose of this study is to assess the trend of CD4 cell count in HIV+ patient that received Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) by using a multistate Markov model to estimate transition intensities and transition probabilities among various states.
Methods: A total of 122 HIV+ patients were included in this cohort study who are undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy treatment in the Iran AIDS center in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran that inter during March 1995 to January 2005 and then fallow up to October 2014. All adults with at least two follow-up visits in addition to their pre-ART treatment were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the study. Continuous-time Markov processes are used to describe the evolution of a disease over different states. The mean sojourn time for each state was estimated by multi state Markov model.
Results: Sample included 22 (18%) female with a mean age of 43.32 (standard deviation 8.33) years and 100 (82%) male with a mean age of 45.28 (standard deviation 8.34) year. Age was divided in to two categories, 40 years old and lower than that 66 (54.1) patents and persons older than 40 years old 56 (45.9) patents. A total of 122 patients were included. 29 patients died during follow-up. One year transition probability for staying in state 1 of CD4 cell count was 51%. This probability for six year was 33%. The mean sojourn time for sate 4 was 21 month. The hazard ratio of transition from state 3 to state 4 was 4.4 in men related to women.
Conclusion: The use of antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV infected persons reduce viral replication and increase in CD4 T lymphocyte count, and delay the progression of disease. This paper is shown the progression of this trend.
Maedeh Saremiyan , Nahid Tahan , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban,
Volume 76, Issue 2 (May 2018)
Abstract
Background: The previous studies showed that the odor can improve balance in the elderly. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of olfactory stimulus and its gender specific effect on the balance of young healthy people.
Methods: This is a pretest-posttest semi experimental study comprised 40 healthy volunteers (age range 18-73 years) from February 2016 through May 2017. The static balance test with one-leg standing time (OLST) and dynamic balance test using Biodex balance system to measure overall stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) and overall limit of stability index (OLOSI) randomly were performed before and after application of lavender scant as the olfactory stimuli. A two-way repeated measurement ANOVA was used to assess the effect of olfactory stimulus conditions and gender on dynamic balance indexes (OSI, APSI, MLSI, and OLOSI). Since the distribution of the OLST was not normal, the generalized estimating equations (GEE) method was used. Significance level of P<0.05 was adopted for all comparisons. Means are reported±SD unless otherwise stated. SPSS software, version 21 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to carry out all statistical analyses.
Results: The results showed that in comparison of the two different conditions (no odor/with odor), there was no significant difference in any of static and dynamic balance indexes (P>0.05). There were significant differences in relation to the interaction of the gender and odor in OSI (P=0.026), APSI (P=0.019). For gender, there were statistically significant differences in OSI (P=0.002, F (1,38) =11.649), APSI (P=0.001, F (1,38) =12.057), and MLSI (P=0.007, F (1,38) =8.228) for females.
Conclusion: Although there was no effect of odor on balance control of young healthy people, we found that the odor has gender specific effect. This is probably due to the more sensitivity of females to the odor.
Samane Khalkhali , Nahid Tahan , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ,
Volume 76, Issue 8 (November 2018)
Abstract
Background: The transverse abdominis (TrA) muscle is one of the most important muscles that contribute to the stability of the lumbar spine. Strengthening of trunk muscles that have a significant role in trunk stability is very important in the field of professional sport, sport medicine and rehabilitation of patient with low back pain (LBP). Identifying the exercises that can improve the strength and endurance of these muscles in the efficient way is an important challenge in rehabilitation of LBP patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of maximum voluntary isometric contraction of upper and lower limb muscles on ultrasonic thickness of the TrA muscle.
Methods: This is a pre-test post-test study. Thirty healthy young male subjects with mean age of 23 years were recruited from the university staff and student population (non probability sample). Ultrasonic thickness of the right and left TrA muscle (as an indirect measure of muscle activity) was taken at rest and during maximum isometric contraction of six muscle groups: shoulder and hip flexor, extensor and abductor muscles. Mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures design were used to analyze data. To further analyses post hoc comparisons were performed with paired t-tests adjusted with the Bonferroni method. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The result showed that mean TrA thickness on right and left sides during maximum isometric contraction of the upper and lower limb muscles was significantly thicker than in resting position (P<0.001). The type of isometric contraction had a significant effect on the thickness of the TrA muscle on dominant side (P<0.05). As a result, the greatest change in the thickness of TrA muscle on dominant side was observed in hip isometric extension (P<0.05). There was a significant difference between the thickness of TrA during upper limb isometric contraction of dominant and non-dominant side (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Isometric contraction of upper and lower limb muscles especially in hip extension can increase the ultrasonic thickness of the transversus abdominis muscle.
Mahsa Nazari, Farid Zayeri , Seyed Saeed Hashemi Nazari , Sara Jambarsang, Ali Nikfarjam , Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban ,
Volume 77, Issue 2 (May 2019)
Abstract
Background: The Multi state Markov models have extensively application with categorization of laboratory marker of CD4 cells for evaluation of HIV disease progression. These models with different states result in different effects of covariates and prediction of HIV disease trend. The main purpose of this study was comparison of four and five states models with the three- state in order to select the model with better prediction ability of occurrence of HIV and finally death in HIV positive people.
Methods: A total of 305 HIV positive people were included in this cohort study in the Iran AIDS center in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran that entered during March 1995 to January 2005 and then fallowed up to October 2014. The three continuous- time Markov models of three-, four- and five- state models were fitted to data to describe the evolution of a HIV disease Trend over different states.
For comparison of models, two criteria of modification of Akaike’s criterion (DRAIC) and likelihood cross-validation criterion (DRLCV) along with their 95% tracking interval was used. For fitting of these models and estimation of transition matrix and the hazard ratio of gender and treatment independent variables, the msm package of R project for statistical computing, version R 3.2.4 (www.r-project.org) was used.
Results: The results showed that the four- state model has more prediction ability than five-state model for evaluation of HIV disease Trend. In the four-state model, the progression hazard ratio to death for people who received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was 0.64 lower than who didn’t get this therapy. Moreover, the progression hazard ratio for men was 2.33 fold in comparison to women. The disease progression hazard ratio to death was 4.9 fold for men in comparison to women.
Conclusion: The (DRAIC) and (DRLCV) criterions showed that the four-state model has more predictive ability of the progression trend of HIV disease in comparison of five-state model.
