Tehran University Medical Journal

Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Background: Mood disturbances, such as anxiety, depression and psychological distress, are common among women in menopausal period. Effect of long term estrogen replacement on post menopausal  mood disturbances is curative but specifical studies has not done on the effects of vaginal hormonal therapy in mood disturbances in menopause. The aim of this study was objectives to clarify the effect extended by Hormon Replacement Therapy (HRT) in improving post menopausal mood disturbances.
Methods: In a single blinded clinical trial, the effects of a four months application of vaginal esterogen (premarin) versus placebo (n=20) in each groups were evaluated on mood status and sexual satisfaction, using the Hamilton depression score (HDS score), and self assessment of sexual function and pleasure. Four months after treatment completion (half applicator of nightly vaginal premarin or lubricant vaginally) collected and analyzed with Statistical tests.
Results: Decline of the mean HDS scores (depression score) was observed in the premarin group. The mean HDS score (depression) after vaginal premarin decreased from (14.6±4.7) to (3.4±2.3). (p≤0.001) also, The HDS score in placebo group increased from (10.6±3.1) to (11±3.3), that significant difference between two groups before and after treatment is seen. (p≤0.01). Vaginal premarin induced a greater improvement of HDS score (p≤0.006). Mean anxiety score decreased after vaginal premarin (p≤0.000), but is not significant difference in placebo group. (p=0.08). Sexual Satisfaction in Vaginal premarin group is significantly higher (p≤0.001).
Conclusions: Vaginal Estrogene directly or indirectly improved menopausal related mood and sleep disturbances, increased and sexual satisfaction.

Background: Peripheral nerve injury is one of the most challenging of modern surgical problem. Recent advances in understanding the physiological and molecular pathways demonstrated the important role of growth factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product that has many growth factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP in the regeneration of sciatic nerve crush in the rat model.

Methods: In this experimental study that established in the animal lab of the Hazrat Fatemeh Hospital in Tehran from September to October 2013, Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into two groups. In all rats the sciatic nerve was cut and then carefully repaired by the tension free method under a light microscope. In group 1, after the repair, 0.05 µL of PRP was injected below the epineurium to the proximal and distal parts of the repaired area. In group 2 the same amount of normal saline was injected to the proximal and distal of the repaired area. After six weeks footprint analysis, neurophysiologic and histopathology evaluations were performed.

Results: Significant differences existed between the two groups footprint analysis (P= 0.001). Also the nerve conduction latency test was significantly shorter in PRP group. (1.0233 ms in PRP group and 1.7375 ms in control) (P< 0.001). The average amplitude in the first group and the second group was 7.6250 mv (control) 6.3667 mv that does not show a statistically significant difference (P= 0.093). Significant differences between the two groups in the number of axons of the proximal portion of the study was not seen (P= 0.29). The parameters included number of axons of the proximal and the distal part of axons, the diameter of the distal and proximal axons in the two groups were compared. In the two groups there was statistically significant difference between the above parameters. (P= 0.298).

Conclusion: It seems that PRP may have an important role in peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery after nerve laceration and repair. Further clinical evaluation recommended.

Background: Burns and its complications are regarded as a major problem in the society. Skin injuries resulted from ultraviolet radiation, radioactivity, electricity or chemicals as well as respiratory damage from smoke inhalation are considered burns. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and outcome of burn patients admitted to Motahari Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Methods: Two hundred patients with second-degree burns admitted to Motahari Referral Center of Burn in Tehran, Iran. They were studied during a period of 12 months from May 2012 to May 2013. During the first week of treatment swabs were collected from the burn wounds after cleaning the site with sterile normal saline. Samples were inoculated in blood agar and McConkey agar, then incubation at 37 C for 48 hours. Identification was carried out according to standard conventional biochemical tests. Treatment continued up to epithelial formation and wound healing. Results of microbial culture for each patient was recorded. Healing time of the burn wounds in patients was recorded in log books. Chi-square test and SPSS Software v.19 (IBM, NY, USA) were used for data analysis.

Results: Our findings indicate that the most causes of burns are hot liquids in 57% of cases and flammable liquid in 21% of cases. The most cases of burns were found to be in the range of 21 to 30 percent with 17.5% and 7% in male and female respectively. Gram-negative bacteria were dominated in 85.7% and among them pseudomonas spp. with 37.5% were the most common cause of infected burns, followed by Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter and Klebsiella spp.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the most cause of burns in both sex is hot liquid. Men were more expose to burn than women and this might be due to the fact that men are involved in more dangerous jobs than female. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism encountered in burn infection.