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Cytotoxicity assay of fenugreek aqueous extract on NIH3T3 fibroblast cells
Sabzevari O, Andalibi M, Ahmadiani A, Kamalinejad M, Abdollahi M, Ostad Sn,
Volume 66, Issue 8 (5 2008)
Abstract

Background: There is a growing interest in understanding the biological effects of time-tested folk medicinal plants including the green leafy vegetables, which supply minerals and vitamins to the diet. Trigonella foenum-graecum L (fenugreek) is a dietary vegetable and there are reports concerning its antinociceptive effects in Iranian traditional medicine. Its seeds are also known for their carminative, tonic, antidiabetic, antineoplastic and restorative properties. These reports and the hypoglycemic effect of fenugreek leaf extract encouraged us to assay fenugreek aqueous extract for cytotoxicity on NIH3T3 mouse fibroblast cells.

Methods: The NIH3T3cell line was purchased from National Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Iran. The cells were plated in 24-well microtiter plates with DMEM+F12 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum supplemented with 445 mg/L L-glutamine and maintained at 37oC with 5% CO2/95% air. Following a 24-hr incubation period, various concentrations (0.01-20 mg) of the extract to the culture wells. Cell viability was assessed using trypan blue and MTT assays after five days of incubation.

Results: The results show that the IC50 of the fenugreek extract as calculated from the trypan blue and MTT assays were 1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusions: Our findings, therefore, suggest that the aqueous extract of fenugreek is classified as nontoxic. This observed cytotoxicity is not specific and could be due to membrane disturbances.


Evaluation of etiologic findings in patients with surgery of cubital tunnel syndrome
Mohammadreza Emamhadi , Ashkan Asgari-Gashtroudkhani , Roxana Emamhadi , Samaneh Ghorbani-Shirkouhi , Sasan Andalib,
Volume 78, Issue 2 (May 2020)
Abstract
Background: Cubital tunnel syndrome, a neuropathy of ulnar nerve, is the second most common entrapping syndrome in the upper limb surpassing carpal tunnel syndrome. This syndrome arises from a high pressure decompressing the nerve for a long time. Patients with cubital tunnel syndrome show numbness in the ring and small fingers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the etiology of cubital tunnel syndrome in patients who underwent surgery for treatment of the syndrome.
Methods: In this retrospective study, medical records of 100 patients who underwent surgery for treatment of cubital tunnel syndrome at Department of Neurosurgery, Poursina Hospital, Rasht, Iran from March 2008 to March 2017, were checked. The etiology of cubital tunnel syndrome including inflammatory, tumoral, vascular, orthopedic causes and anomalies in nerve site and information about age, gender, job, and weight were collected and analyzed.
Results: In this study, the mean±SD of age was 33.8±11.5 years. Females and males constituted 21% and 79% of the cases, respectively. Idiopathic and orthopedic etiologies were seen in 84% and 13% of the operated cases, respectively. Vascular, tumoral, and inflammatory causes were found in 1% of the cases. Regarding location of nerve involvement, 57% of the cases had the ulnar nerve entrapment between MCL (medial collateral ligament) and Osborne ligaments; and in 22% of the cases, the cubital tunnel was involved. Arcade of Struthers and medial epicondyle and medial intermuscular septum were involved in 8%, 8%, and 5% of the patients, respectively. Forty-five percent of the cases performed a repetitive manual task by hand and 1.9% of cases were vibrator workers. Moreover, 12.4% of cases had a history of cubitus valgus or cubitus varus. Finally, 20.9% and 18% of the cases suffered from obesity (BMI>30) and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Furthermore, one patient had a history of head injury with contractions of upper limb flexion and one patient had arthritis of medial epicondylitis.
Conclusion: The evidence from the present study indicates that the idiopathic cubital tunnel syndrome constituted the bulk of involvement on ulnar nerve in the patients. Job, obesity, and diabetes were the most important accompanying factors with cubital tunnel syndrome.

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