Showing 83 results for Arian
V Marsoosy , L Safdarian , L Eslamian ,
Volume 56, Issue 3 (1 1998)
Abstract
259 consecutive colposcopic examinations were done at colposcopic unit in Shariati Hospital during 1995-97. 58 cases were omitted due to lack of biopsy report. There were 167 cases of concordance and 34 cases of discordance between results of pap test colposcopic directed biopsy in these cases. We evaluated the value of pap test as a screening test versus colposcopic directed biopsy and found sensitivity of 42.4%, specificity of 94%, PPV (Positive predictive value) of 60.8%, and NPV (Negative predictive value) of 89.3%, false nagative and false positive rates were 57.8% and 5.3%, respectively. If pap test and HPV DNA screening were done simultaneously, almost all invasive cancer and HiSIL would be detected
A Mirsalehian , N Ebrahimi Daryani , A Sarrafnejad , H Rastegarian ,
Volume 56, Issue 3 (1 1998)
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) is the most common human infection in the world. This agent has a strong role in pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Therefore introducing of simple and cost effective tests are important for diagnosis of H.Pylori infections. ELISA has been considered as an alternative test compare with biopsy, histological staining, culture and urease test in diagnosis of H.Pylori infection. In this investigation, 111 patients referred to GI endoscopy department of Imam Khomeini Hospitals for U.G.I problems which were evaluated for H.Pylori infection. Culture and histological staining (GIMSA and H & E) were used as a gold standard test compare with ELISA-IgG and urease test. Sensitivity and specificity for ELISA were 90%, 93% respectively. This report suggests that ELISA is a cost effect and valid test in diagnosis of H.Pylori infection
Mostaan M, Saberi H, Sharyarian Sh, Bahar Joo Hr, Mahdi Zadeh F,
Volume 58, Issue 4 (8 2000)
Abstract
This is retrospective double-blind research, which was carried out in Imam Khomeini hospital in order to study the accuracy of color Doppler ultrasonography for detecting the site and grade of stenosis in cervical carotid artery. 40 patients with mean age of 62 years studied with color Doppler before DSA angiography. The most common sites of stenosis were left internal carotid (39.5%) and right internal carotid arteries (38.4%). We measured peak systolic and end-diastolic velocities (PSA and EDV) and ratios of PSA and EDV at stenosis sites to CCA (PSV ratio and EDV ratio). Results showed that PSA has the highest sensitivity and accuracy in all grades of stenosis: Mild to moderate stenosis: Sensitivity (90.5%), accuracy (89.5%) Severe stenosis: Sensitivity (82.1%), accuracy (92.8%) Total occlusion: Sensitivity (93.8%), accuracy (96.5%). There is no difference between accuracy of Doppler parameters for detection of total occlusion (96.5%) but in other grades after PSV, EDV (Mild-moderate 86%, severe 87.2%). EDV ratio and PSV ratio (Mild-moderate both 84.8%, severe both 86%) have the highest accuracies. We concluded that color Doppler sonography can reliability detect stenosis in carotid arteries & PSV has the highest accuracy.
Moayeri H, Rahvarian M,
Volume 60, Issue 2 (14 2002)
Abstract
Background: The first step in assessment of children with precocious puberty is to determine whether the cases are of benign nature or have more serious causes. It seems that two criteria of "height age" and "bone age" are helpful for this decision.
Materials and Methods: To evaluate the usefulness of those criteria, a retrospective study of 74 children (50 girls and 24 boys) with precocious puberty whom be visited between years 1993-2000 was performed. According to the medical history, clinical signs, and certain laboratory tests (in some cases) the patients were classified in different groups of precocious puberty.
Results: Height age and bone age were determined for all the patients. Those patients for whom treatment of any kind was required were also identified. The results of the statistical analysis of the findings were as follows: - No clear relation between "height age", "Bone age", type of precocious puberty, and the need for treatment was found in the male patients. All (100 percent) of the boys needed treatment. - Among the female patients, those with progressive complete precocious puberty (16 patients) had a significantly advanced height age and bone age comparing to the other groups. There was also a direct relation between the need for treatment and the advanced height age (11 patients), and between the need for treatment and the advanced bone age (10 patients).
Conclusion: All the boys with precocious puberty should be evaluated thoroughly because they usually have a serious disorder which needs treatment. However among the girls with precocious puberty, those with benign causes can be detected using the criteria of height age, bone age, and clinical signs. Therefore, unnecessary laboratory tests and treatments can be avoided in a percentage of these patients.
Akbarian M, Davachi F, Salim Zadeh A, Shahram F, Gharib Doost F, Tajy A H, Pajoohi M, Jamshidi Ar ,
Volume 60, Issue 4 (15 2002)
Abstract
Introduction: The bone mass density (BMD) may vary in different countries due to different genetic and environmental factors. This study was performed to determine the BMD of the normal population in Iran.
Methods and Materials: Subjects were selected randomly from different works and social classes in Tehran (from the lowest to the highest). For each decade and sexes, 20 normal subjects were selected (140 men and 140 women). BMD was measured with a Hologic 1000 plus machine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method for the lumber spine (L1, L2, L3, L4, L1-L4) and the femoral neck (neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, ward, total). Data were treated by polynomial approximation (3 rd degree). The obtained curves were compared with the standard Hologic curves for Caucasians.
Results: In female the peak bone mass (PBM) was 1.019 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.832 for the femoral neck. In male the peak bone mass (PBM) was 0.987 g/cm² for the lumbar spine and 0.907 for the femoral neck. The BMD of both lumbar spine and femoral neck were lower than the Hologic standards. For the lumbar spine the mean difference was 6.5 percent (2 to 21 percent, CI=1) for women and 13.8 percent (2 to 36 percent, CI=1.45) for men. In femoral neck the mean difference was 5.4 percent (2 to 16 percent, CI=0.96) for women and 4.6 percent (1 to 14 percent, CI=0.96) for men.
Conclusion: The BMD of the lumbar spine and the femoral neck was lower in Iranian compared to the Hologic standards for Caucasians. This was seen in all age groups and in both sexes. It was less pronounced for the PBM in spine was lower in men than woman. The lower BMD of the spine in men was also seen in a cohort of patients with different diseases (inflammatory and non-inflammatory).
L Safdarian , M Adineh ,
Volume 62, Issue 4 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant women about benefits and doses of folic acid consumption during pregnancy.
Materials and Methods: A simple randomized study has been done with 300 pregnant women in (Mahdied, Shohada, Shariati) hospital. Women were asked about their information and about consumption of folic acid in order to prevent nural tube defect and reasons for not taking it.
Results: There were 300 women, 150 (50%) had been recommended before to consume folic acid but only 46 (31%) of them used it during pregnancy. There were 37 (12%) who aware about taking it.
Conclusion: Although 50% of women had been recommended to consume of folic acid, less than 50% of the women who were surveyed have been taking it. Strategies are required to increase folate intake among pregnant women and inform of the benefits of folate supplementation by the health eduction.
Afsarian Smh, Zaini F, Kordbacheh P, Mahmoudi M, Rezaii S, Safara M,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (6 2006)
Abstract
Background: I Infections due to Candida spp. have increased dramatically in recent years through a rising number of predisposing factors and immunocompromised hosts. Although Candida albicans is the most prevalent and important causative agent of Candida infections, the importance of C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. guilliermondii and C. kefyr have increased significantly as they tend to be more resistant to antifungal agents. Therefore, it is critical that infecting Candida spp. be identified and considered. Furthermore, clinical laboratories may need to expand their yeast identification capabilities in order to facilitate rapid identification of clinical yeast isolates.
Methods: In a discroptive – analytic study, the patients suspected of candidiasis were sampled. Direct examination and culture was carried out for all specimens. The isolated yeast colonies were then identified using various different tests such as culture on corn mealagar tween-80, CHROMagar Candida, and assimilation test by API 20C AUX kit.
Results: In the present study, 304 yeast colonies were isolated from referral patients to mycology laboratory of 304 isolated colonies 204 were identified as C. albicans and 100 were identified as non albicans candida as follow 35% C. parapsilosis, 32% C. tropicalis, 8% C. glabrata, 8% C. kefyer, 6% C. krusei, 3% C. guilliermondii, 3% C. famata, 3% C. lusitaniae, 1% C. zeilanoides and 1% C. homicola. C. parapsilosis was the most frequent species. The result showed that clinical specimens were obtained from various infected sites of body and nail samples (59 cases) were found to be the most frequent among those specimens.
Conclusion: In conclusion, our results suggest that no single phenotypic test has proven to be highly effective for definitive identification. Moreover since these organisms can vary greatly in their susceptibility to the current antifungal agent and causing significant patient management problem therefore evaluation of susceptibility of these isolates against antifungal drugs is need to be investigated.
Keshvari A, Jafarian A, Makarem J, Rabbani A, Mirsharifi Sm,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (8 2008)
Abstract
Background: For patients requiring chronic hemodialysis, the preferred site for vascular access is an autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Although a properly formed fistula is advantageous because it is less susceptible than other types of vascular accesses to infection and clot formation and can last longer than any other types of vascular access, AV fistula has a high rate of early failure that can increase immediate cost and complications. In this study, the prognostic value of physical examination of arteriovenous fistula by the surgeon at the end of the surgery was evaluated.
Methods: In the general surgery ward of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 326 chronic renal failure patients, 354 arteriovenous fistula operations were accomplished by two surgeons from 1377 to 1381 (ca. 1998 to 2002). The performance of each fistula was divided into the following groups by the surgeon at the end of operation: 1) systolic and diastolic thrill, 2) systolic thrill 3) souffle 4) pulse 5) not functional. Clinical function of the fistula was evaluated by the same surgeon in the following days if no souffle or thrill, early failure was detected on initial inspection.
Results: In the 354 cases of arteriovenous fistula, the total early failure rate was 12.7%. The lowest early-failure rate was 3.5% in the systolic and diastolic thrill group. The highest early-failure rate was in the not functional group (P<0.001). There was no correlation between early failure and age, sex, surgeon and location of fistula.
Conclusion: Optimally, an arteriovenous fistula has a thrill with a soft compressible pulse. At the end of each operation, if the surgeon cannot detect a thrill at the fistula site, can find only pulse, or if the function is otherwise unsatisfactory, considering of a new arteriovenous fistula may be required, however it is better to postpone the surgery.
Olyaei G.r, Jamshidi A.a, Heydarian K, Talebian S,
Volume 65, Issue 2 (8 2008)
Abstract
Background: Both isokinetic testing and functional tests are commonly used to evaluate anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) patients. The object of this study was to evaluate motor performance of the knee and determine the relationship of isokinetic test scores to scores on a variety of lower extremity functional tests.
Methods: Ten healthy subjects and eleven ACLR patients at least six months after surgery performed the following: knee isokinetic tests at 60 and 180 deg/sec three functional tests including leg vertical jump, single hop, and triple cross-over hop for distance. The International Knee Document Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form (IKDCSKEF) was used to score the self-assessment of each study participant. Paired T-test was used to compare the involved and uninvolved knee. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between the scores on the isokinetic test and functional tests. Significance was determined by P<0.05.
Results: IKDCSKEF score was significantly lower in patients than control subjects. Quadriceps peak torque and functional test scores were significantly lower in the involved knee of the ACLR subjects compared to the uninvolved knee. Correlation coefficients of isokinetic peak torque to body weight and functional testing were not significant in patients or control subjects, whi1e the limb symmetry index (LSI) of the quadriceps isokinetics peak torque to body weight and the LSI of the functional tests were significant (r = 0.54 to 0.97).
Conclusion: These results indicate a significant relationship between the LSI of various functional tests and the LSI of isokinetic testing among ACLR patients. Thus, in situations where an isokinetic dynamometer is not available, the LSI of functional tests can be used to estimate quadriceps deficiency for ACLR patients.
Vaezi Gh, Zarrindast M R, Salarian Zadeh A, Babapour S,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: Anxiety is a complex phenomenon with important results. In fact anxiety is a biologic process that has repetitive biological and physiological effect on the biological structure of brine. From long time ago anxiety and fear has bean one of the important psychological issues and for the control of anxiety different drugs with different mechanisms have been presented and understanding mechanisms that are involved lead us to newer drugs discovery. In this research the effect of morphine on the anxiety in the adult Male rats in the Ventral Tegmental area (VTA) and Nucleus Accumbens (NAc) was studied.
Methods: The elevated plus maze was used in combination with the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze (OAT %) and the percentage of entries into the open arms (OAE %) to measure anxiety. Increases in the OAT% and OAE% indicate an anxiolytic effect (reduction in anxiety), whereas decreases in the OAE% and OAT% indicate an anxiogenic effect. Adult male rats, weighing 200-240 grams, underwent surgery. After five days, the rats were injected with saline and three different doses of morphine (2.5, 5, and 7.5 µl/rat). Experiment one included the injections into the VTA. In the second experiment, these injections were in the NAc. Behavioral tests were conducted between 12 pm and 4 pm and each animal was used once for each experiment.
Results: In the first experiment, although these doses of morphine injected into the TVA had no effect on the OAE%, a dose of 5µl/rat increased the OAT%, showing a decrease in the animals' anxiety. In the second experiment, doses of 2.5µl/rat injected into the NAc induced a significant increase in the OAT% and OAE%, there by displaying decreased anxiety in the animal. However, no significant change in the activity of the animals was observed.
Conclusion: As a Result of these experiments, it seems that different doses of morphine can decrease anxiety, probably through interaction with gabaergic system. |
Babaee Gh, Amani F, Biglarian A, Keshavarz M,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: An outlier is an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a population. Outliers sometimes deal with to abnormality in obtained results from collected data and information. known outlier data by researchers, physicians and other persons that work in medical fields and sciences is important and they must control data before getting result about outlier data, effect of them in information bias and how to remove & control to obtain minimum bias and exact data .in this paper we had trying by known technique and tests to control them and minimized the errors related to them.
Methods: This paper has been done on 30 student's height in Tarbiat Modares University that measured by meter in smoothing area. We applied some methods such as Z-test, Grub test and graphical methods to determine outliers. In this paper the advantage and disadvantage of methods were evaluated and finally compares with each other.
Results: The above tests showed that the data values 153, 110 among collected data were outliers. All of the methods showed that the above data were outliers. Calculation quartiles and intermediate quartiles showed that the observations under 125 and upper 141 were mind outliers and if the observation under 119 and upper 147 is the sever outliers. According to upper situations the amounts of 110 and 153 is the sever outliers and resulted from all methods.
Conclusion: The results showed that all methods were useful in determine outlier data and between them Quartiles were important to known severe and mild outliers. Also Grub test with p-Value is very useful to report outliers.
Gharibdoost F, Samadi F, Taghipoor R, Akbarian M, Shahram F, Nadji A, Jamshidi A R, Davatchi F,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: Heat-shock proteins are part of a strictly controlled biological system that allows organisms to respond to environmental stresses. Different proinflammatory cytokines are present in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Such tissues respond to stress and induce heat-shock proteins. In addition, synovial cells are exposed to mechanical stress caused by joint motion. The effects of mechanical stress on the metabolism of the synovial cells may be substantial, even pathogenic. Heat-shock proteins are often implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we compare the levels of heat-shock protein 70 from the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients.
Methods: Synovial fluid samples from 34 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 34 osteoar-thritis patients were analyzed for heat-shock protein 70 by an ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed using independent T-test and one-way ANOVA. Differences were considered statistically significant at p< 0.05.
Results: The mean value of synovial fluid heat-shock protein 70 levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients was 156.30 ±128.51 and that of osteoarthritis patients was 14.98 ±11.58. The differences were statistically significant at p<0.0001. For seven rheumatoid arthritis patients suffering from mechanical knee pain, synovial fluid analysis revealed non-inflammatory effusion. The mean value of synovial fluid heat-shock protein 70 level in inflammatory synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients was significantly higher at 191±121.73 and that of non-inflammatory synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients was 21.93 ±10.06 (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: The level of heat shock protein 70 is higher in inflammatory arthritis than in non-inflammatory arthritis. Considering that patients with rheumatoid arthritis are known to have a hypertrophic synovial-lining layer, and that heat-shock protein 70 is known to protect cells against a variety of toxic conditions as well as apoptotic death, further research is needed to determine if heat-shock protein 70 induction is a sign of significant changes in the cellular and tissue metabolism or is actively participating in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. |
Agha-Hosseini M, Aleyaseen A, Safdarian L, Kashani L,
Volume 65, Issue 11 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Oocyte donation and assisted reproductive technology (ART) give women with ovarian failure, advanced reproductive age, inheritable disorders or recurrent implantation failure, the ability to conceive. The success of oocyte donation is reportedly influenced by multiple parameters of the oocyte donor and recipient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the donor and recipient variables affecting the outcome of oocyte donation.
Methods: In this retrospective study, we analyzed 51 oocyte donation cycles of 45 women in an in vitro fertilization clinic. Data collected included age, body mass index, endomet-rial thickness, cycling and gravidity of recipients and the age of donors.
Results: The clinical pregnancy rate was 40% per recipient and 35% per cycle resulting in 9 singleton, 7 twin and 2 triplet gestations. Embryo implantation rate was 27%. Oocyte fertilization rates among patients who had become impregnated and those who had not were 75% and 79%, respectively of 18 pregnancies, 15 culminated in a live birth (33% live birth rate). There was no significant relationship between incidence of pregnancy and mean age, BMI, gravidity, cyclicity of recipients and age of donors. There was a significant difference between the endometrial thickness of patients who became pregnant and those who did not (p=0.048). The number of transferred embryos was positively associated with pregnancy (p=0.006).
Conclusion: The factor that most reliably predicts the outcome of oocyte donation cycles is oocyte recipient endometrial thickness. Donor age from 20-34 years dose not affect clinical pregnancy rates. Donors in their early 30's are considered to be the best candidates for oocyte donation.
Sabzikarian M A, Movaseghi Sh, Karimian K, Najafi Zade S R, Rostamian A R, Khalvat A,
Volume 66, Issue 1 (30 2008)
Abstract
Background: To evaluate the possibility that prolactin is involved in the pathogenesis and flare-up of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Methods: In this cross-sectional study we determined serum prolactin levels in sixty (60) serum samples from sixty patients diagnosed with SLE by the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). All patients were females between 13-64 years of age. Disease activity was defined according to lupus activity criteria count and scored by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Serum prolactin concentrations were determined by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) [125I]. Patient blood samples were taken between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m. Serum was separated and kept frozen at -20 °C.
Results: Hyperprolactinemia (>21 ng/mL) was found in 7 (11.7%) patients. SLEDAI scores of <4 were considered inactive disease, >15 active disease and 4-15 moderate activity. Accordingly, 6.7% of our patients had active disease.
Normal serum prolactin levels range from 2 to 21ng/mL. Among those with active disease, prolactin levels were higher, with mean prolactin levels of 18.15, 15.11 and 11.5 ng/mL for active, moderate and nonactive groups, respectively. Increased prolactin levels correlated with activity of SLE disease (p=0.019, r=0.305). No correlation was found between tissue involvement and prolactin level (p=0.24) and no significant correlation was found between prolactin level and age (p=0.19).
Conclusion: Hyperprolactinemia, detected in patients with SLE by IRMA, was associated with disease activity. Our findings suggest that prolactin may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Mohaghegh A, Bakhtiarian A, Mohebitabar S, Forghani Z, Imami-Khansari, Ghazi-Khansari M, Hossieni M, Sabzeh -Khah S, Siadatian S, Kalantari N,
Volume 66, Issue 2 (1 2008)
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a very common and important disease. There are conflicting reports about mercury, a trace element, in the genesis of hypertension.
Methods: In this study we examined the relationship between blood mercury levels and hypertension prevalence in a population-based sample of hypertensive and normotensive patients at the Shariati Hospital and the Tehran Heart Center in Tehran, Iran. A cross sectional sampling of 224 patients, aged 40-80 years, who participated in physical examinations conducted in 2006 were included in this study. The population that participated in this study were sample of hypertensive (n=112) which had essential hypertension and normotensive (n=112) patients which had no history of essential hypertension at the Shariati Hospital and the Tehran Heart Center in Tehran. The consent of all the patients were taken in the written form before the experiments. After selecting the patients the range of blood mercury levels were measured with Flame atomic absorption.
Results: The range of blood mercury levels was 0 to 39.55 µg/dL. The mean blood mercury level of hypertensive patients (10.75 +1.23 µg/dL) was higher than that of normotensive patients (1.6 +1.02 µg/dL). There was a significant difference in the mean blood mercury level of normotensive men (1.74 +1.56 µg/dL) versus that of hypertensive men (11.9 +1.38 µg/dL). The mean blood mercury level of normotensive women (1.5 µg/dL) was also significantly different from that of hypertensive women (9.65 +0.53 µg/dL) (p<0.001).
Conclusions: In this population, there is a positive relationship between the concentration of blood mercury levels and the presence of hypertension.
Bamdad Mehrbany K, Akbarian M, Salesi M, Geflati Z, Tavassoli S,
Volume 66, Issue 6 (5 2008)
Abstract
Background: The components of the classical complement pathway play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are reportedly useful biomarkers of disease activity. In this study, we evaluate disease activity, complement function (total hemolytic complement, CH50) and complement protein levels (C3, C4, C3d, C4d, SC5b-9), comparing the results of patients with active disease versus those with inactive disease.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 78 hospitalized women with SLE, 24 of whom were in the active group, with SLE disease activity indexes (SLEDAI.2K) of >6, and 54 in the inactive group, with SLEDAI.2K of ≤6. Serum CH50 was measured using a red blood cell hemolytic assay. C3 and C4 levels were determined by nephlometry and plasma levels of C3d, C4d, SC5b-9 by ELISA. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The mean (±standard error) C4d levels of the inactive group were significantly higher than those of the active group (23.39±1.1µg/ml and 16.9±1.6µg/ml, respectively p=0.003). There was also a significant correlation between C3 and C4 levels (p=0.807). The mean values of the other proteins (C3, C4, CH50, SC5b-9, and C3d circulating immune complex concentrations) were not significantly different between the inactive group vs. the active group: 89.35±6.8 vs. 85.54±7.6mg/dl, 18.33±2.3 vs. 20.45±2.4mg/dl, 149.03±4.3 vs. 157±4.3U, 1414.4±114.94 vs. 1471.1±216.9ng/ml, 9.43±0.96 vs. 13.31±3.16µgEq/ml, respectively (p>0.05).
Conclusions: According to our results, C4d levels may be used as a biomarker of disease activity. The significant correlation between C3 and C4 may confirm the activity of the classical pathway in SLE patients.
Bakhtiarian A, Behzadmehr R, Pousti A, Hosseini Mj, Najar F, Sabzeh-Khah S,
Volume 67, Issue 1 (4 2009)
Abstract
Background: Adenosine receptors play an important role in the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in cardiovascular system. This effect is through interaction with A1 type of G-protein-coupled adenosine receptors. The effect of N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), an A1-selective adenosine agonist, was studied on ouabain-induced toxicity in spontaneously beating isolated guinea pig atria.
Methods: In the beginning the isolated guinea pig atria were mounted on the organ bath containing modified krebs and contractile responses in the four groups (shame, CPA, ouabain, CPA- ouabain) were measured.
Results: CPA (2-16nM) produced a dose-dependent decrease in the force of contractions (34%-51%) and in the rate of contractions (22%-48%). CPA significantly increased the time of onset of arrhythmia (toxicity) induced by ouabain (1.2µM) when it was administered 10 min before ouabain was added in organ bath. Ouabain (1.2µM) alone produced arrhythmia at 7 min and either asystole or standstill at 22 min. CPA (8nM) increased the time required to produce arrhythmia to 27.5 min and prolonged beating atria to more than 63 min and prevented the occurrence of asystole.
Conclusion: CPA produces direct cardiac action, probably due the inhibition of cardiac Ca2+ channel and membrane hyperpolarization of atrium cells in guinea pig atria. Moreover, our results suggest that CPA may reduce the membrane conduction through inhibition of ionic channels, which decrease ouabain- induced toxicity.
Memariani M, Pourmand Mr, Shirazi Mh, Soltan Dallal Mm, Abdossamadi Z, Mardani N,
Volume 67, Issue 4 (6 2009)
Abstract
Background: Clindamycin is a suitable antibiotic for treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. Moreover, it can suppress toxin production in many pathogenic bacteria such as S. aureus. There are two mechanisms of resistance in this antibiotic. Constitutive resistance can be detected by standard disk diffusion method but in the case of inducible resistance, D-test should be carried out. The main aim of this study is to determine prevalence of clindamycin inducible resistance among methicillin resistant and susceptible isolates of S. aureus isolated from different clinical samples.
Methods: A total of 87 clinical isolates from clinical samples were collected. Methicillin resistance was determined using standard disk diffusion method. Subsequently, D-test was carried out according to CLSI guideline. Presence of the sea gene (enterotoxin A) was detected by PCR using specific primers.
Results: Out of 87 isolates, 18(20.7%) were clindamycin inducible resistant while constitutive resistance was detected among 21(24.1%) isolates. The 95% Confidence intervals for the proportion of inducible clindamycin resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus was 12.2% to 29.2%. The inducible phenotype in MRSA isolates was more common than that of MSSA isolates (33.3% vs 5.1%).Significant differences were found between prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and type of infection (p=0.045). Importantly, there was a significant correlation between sea gene and the constitutive/inducible resistance (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of clindamycin inducible resistance among clinical isolates of S. aureus, we recommend D-test to avoid treatment failure.
Biglarian A, Hajizadeh E, Kazemnejad A, Zali M,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
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Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer and known
as the second cause of death due to cancers worldwide. Adenocarcinoma is the
most fatal cancer in Iran and a patient with this kind of cancer, has a lower
lifetime than others. In this research, the survival of patients with gastric
carcinoma who were registered at Taleghani Hospital, were studied.
Methods: 291 patients with Gastric carcinoma who had received
care, chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, at Taleghani Hospital in Tehran from 2002 to 2007 were studied as a historical cohort. Their survival rates and its
relationship with 12 risk factors were assessed.
Results: Of the 291 patients with Gastric carcinoma, 70.1 percent were men and others (29.9%) were women. The mean age of men
was 62.26 years and of women was 59.32 years at the time of diagnosis.
Most of patients (93.91%) were advanced stage and
metastasis. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that age at diagnosis,
tumor stage and histology type with survival time had significant relationships
(p=0.039, p=0.042 and p=0.032 respectively).
Conclusion: The five-year survival rate and median lifetime of
gastric cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy are
very low and seems that one of the important reasons for this situation is delayed diagnosis. The
scheme of public education about the early warning signs of the disease and
diagnosis and administration of periodic examinations is unavoidable.
Jangjoo A, Mehrabi Bahar M, Aliakbarian M,
Volume 67, Issue 5 (6 2009)
Abstract
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Background: Seroma
formation, or the subcutaneous collection of fluid, is a common problem after
surgery for the breast cancer. It may lead to wound-related complications and
also can delay adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the
effect of various clinical and therapeutic variables on seroma formation.
Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of patients who
underwent surgical therapy for breast cancer was carried out. Modified radical
mastectomy was performed on 67 patients (65%) and 28 patients (27.2%) underwent breast conservative surgery. Simple
extended mastectomy was done for the remaining 8 patients (7.8%). Seroma
formation was studied in relation to age, type of surgery, tumor size, nodal
involvement, preoperative chemotherapy, surgical instrument (electrocautery or
scalpel), use of pressure garment, and duration of drainage. All of the
patients followed for 4 weeks after surgery.
Results: A total of 103 patients with breast cancer were studied. The mean
age of the patients was 48.3 years (25-82). Seroma occurred in 27 (26.2%) patients. There was
statistically significant relation between age and seroma formation after
breast cancer surgery (p=0.005), while other factors studied was found to be
significantly ineffective. In addition, there was not any relation between
seroma formation and drain duration. However, two factors including type of the
operation and level of lymphatic dissection was considerable with confidence
interval up to 90%, but it was not statistically significant with
confidence interval >95% (p=0.068 and 0.063 respectively).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the age is a predicting
factor for seroma formation in breast cancer patients, while other factors do
not significantly affect that.
