Showing 36 results for Arvan
R Arvan , E Elahy ,
Volume 56, Issue 5 (6 1998)
Abstract
Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) has previously been shown to affect the differentiation of cells of the mono-nuclear phagocytic line. More recent studies indicate that M-CSF may have a role in pregnancy. In the present study, the expression of M-CSF in the human placenta was demonstrated. Placental mRNA was isolated and used as template for synthesis of complementary DNA (cDNA). The presence of M-CSF related sequences in the cDNA was shown by PCR and RT-PCR reactions in which M-CSF specific primers were used. In addition, it was shown that a 2.4 kb cDNA after electrophoresis and transfer to a nylon filter, hybridized with a digoxygenin labeled M-CSF specific probe.
A Zafarghandi , I Harirchi , M Ebrahimi , N Zamani , S Jarvandi , A Kazemnezhad ,
Volume 56, Issue 5 (6 1998)
Abstract
A retrospective study was conducted to investigate about breast cancer in Tehran from 1985 to 1995. All breast pathological records at five General District and Teaching Hospitals (18 general surgical wards) were reviewed and data were extracted. Overall, 3085 records were found (7291 female and 294 male). The final diagnosis was made for 2436 female records including 903 breast cancer (37.1%), 1430 benign breast disease (58.7%), 45 breast skin disease (1.8%) and 58 normal pathological report (2.4%). The dominant group age for breast cancer in women was age group of 40-49 years. The most frequent pathological stage was stage III. Breast cancer was also seen in 2.3 percent of women of 25 year old or younger. The diagnosis was also made for 278 men showing 32 breast cancer (11.5%), 23 benign breast disease (86%), 3 breast skin disease (1.1%) and 4 normal pathological report (1.4%). The results suggest that 3.5 percent of the overall breast cancer were men's, all having over 40 years of age with 60 years or older as the most frequent age. The most frequent pathological stage was stage III. The findings have some implications for public health professionals in terms of breast cancer screening in Iran.
M Jamali Zavarehei , N Swdighy , Z Alizadeh , A Montazery , S Jarvandi , M Ansary ,
Volume 57, Issue 3 (8 1999)
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of breast lesions has been used for more than six decades and has been established as an effective procedure in Europe for many years. In order to evaluate the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration with histopathologic confirmation, a retrospective study was performed in Iranian Center for Breast Cancer, using a computer database over one year period. All women who had had fine-needle aspiration breast biopsy with histopathologic diagnosis included open excisional biopsy or mastectomy specimen. A total of 49 patients fulfilled the criteria. The test had a 93% sensitivity, 73% specificity, 65% positive predictive value, and 95% negative predictive value. Fine-needle aspiration is a sensitive test that Van be useful as an adjuct in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
K. Karvandian, A. Ghiasi, K. Ghazisaidi, H Nahvi, H Poorang, V Mehrabi,
Volume 63, Issue 2 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: Chang in the serum K+ level may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Thus this research was done with the aim of evaluated of K+ change in kidney transplant recipients. Hence the following study was carried to evaluate the fluctuation of potassium ion in the kidney transplant recipient patients.
Materials and Methods: In a simple randomized clinical trial the serum K+ level was assessed in 40 kidney transplant candidates as following interval, pretransplantation, during renal art, anastomosis, after diuresis and post transplantation period. After hydration with 5 ml/kg normal saline all patient were undergone general anesthesia identically. They were premedicated fentanyl (2µg/kg), induction was performed by thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg). Tracheal intubation was facifitated with atracurium (0.6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was maintained with N2O + O2 50%, halothane 0.1% and fentonyl 1 µg/kg every 30 min.
Results: The least mean K+ level was during anastomosis (ie. 3.5±0.24 mmol/L) and showed a decrease in the serum K+ level compared to preoperative period (mean 4.4±0.48 mmol) (P< 0.001). The maximum serum K+ level detected preoperatively and postoperatively were 5 (mmol/ L) and 4.7 (mmol/L) respectively.
Conclusion: Despite the above results we inferred that range of serum K+ level was maintained within normal. Therefore with suitable pereoprative assessment hyperkalemia is a rare occurrence in transplant recipients.
K. Karvandian, A. Ghiasi, K. Ghazisaidi,
Volume 63, Issue 2 (12 2005)
Abstract
Background: Chang in the serum K+ level may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality in kidney transplant recipients. Thus this research was done with the aim of evaluated of K+ change in kidney transplant recipients. Hence the following study was carried to evaluate the fluctuation of potassium ion in the kidney transplant recipient patients.
Materials and Methods: In a simple randomized clinical trial the serum K+ level was assessed in 40 kidney transplant candidates as following interval, pretransplantation, during renal art, anastomosis, after diuresis and post transplantation period. After hydration with 5 ml/kg normal saline all patient were undergone general anesthesia identically. They were premedicated fentanyl (2µg/kg), induction was performed by thiopental sodium (5 mg/kg). Tracheal intubation was facifitated with atracurium (0.6 mg/kg). Anesthesia was maintained with N2O + O2 50%, halothane 0.1% and fentonyl 1 µg/kg every 30 min.
Results: The least mean K+ level was during anastomosis (ie. 3.5±0.24 mmol/L) and showed a decrease in the serum K+ level compared to preoperative period (mean 4.4±0.48 mmol) (P< 0.001). The maximum serum K+ level detected preoperatively and postoperatively were 5 (mmol/ L) and 4.7 (mmol/L) respectively.
Conclusion: Despite the above results we inferred that range of serum K+ level was maintained within normal. Therefore with suitable pereoprative assessment hyperkalemia is a rare occurrence in transplant recipients.
Kassra Karvandian, Afshin Jafarzadeh, Asgar Hagipur,
Volume 64, Issue 6 (3 2006)
Abstract
Background: percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy was invented by ciaglia in 1985. With advent of various instruments, various methods such as Fantoni, Grigges and etc, it became a widesepreadly used method of tracheostomy, especially in intensive care unit wards. In our country this was began in 2005, along with many work shops conducted by anesthesiology department of Tehran University of Medical sciences, with help of specialist from Turin University from ITALY.
Case report: In this report two patients who underwent percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy are presented, and are compared with patients who had undergo surgical tracheostomy. Their long and short term complications such as bleeding, injury extents, and recovery was studied and presented.
Conclusion: Tracheostomy is an opening in front of neck, in to the trachea, through which breathing is made possible. Percutaneous Dilatational Ttracheostomy (PDT) is a method of tracheostomy, in which the need for surgery and transfer of patient to operation room is alleviated. Dispite various benefits, PDT has a few short term and long term drawbacks, which are cartilage fracture, injury to vital structures, perforation of posterior wall, sever bleeding displacement of tube, tracheo-esophageal fistula and trache-oinnominate fistula. Incidence of these complications are lower than surgical tracheostomy. Global reports, especialllly from countries with large scale experiences present a different statistic regarding its success as an alternative method for patients with long surveillance and under mechanical ventilation.
Ghanbari Z, Parvanehsayar D,
Volume 65, Issue 9 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Abdominal hysterectomy is one of the therapeutic options in treatment of gynecologic diseases. The most common methods are total and subtotal abdominal hysterectomy. The effect of hysterectomy on sexuality is not fully understood and, until recently, total and subtotal abdominal hysterectomies have been compared only in observational studies. In this study, we compare total vs. subtotal abdominal hysterectomy in terms of surgical complications and postoperative sexual function of patients.
Methods: In a single-blinded randomized clinical trial, we enrolled 25 patients who underwent subtotal abdominal hysterectomy (STAH), and 25 patients who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH). All patients were followed for 24 months after surgery. Three, six, 12 and 24 months after the procedures, all variables were compared between these two groups.
Results: The duration of operation (p=0.007), volume of bleeding (p=0.0007) and duration of hospital stay after surgery (p=0.03) were less in the STAH group than the TAH group. No complications were experienced during the operation, nor excessive post-operative pain or infection for either group. No significant differences were seen between the two groups with regard to dyspareunia, sexual satisfaction of the patients and their partners were. Spot bleeding in the STAH group was significantly more frequent than in the TAH group.
Conclusion: TAH and STAH do not have significantly different outcomes with regard to sexual satisfaction and function and surgical complications.
Baigmohammadi Mt, Mohammadi M, Mahmoodpour A, Karvandian K, Aghdashi M,
Volume 66, Issue 7 (6 2008)
Abstract
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Background: Lead poisoning could be associated with
gastrointestinal renal, hematologic complications and neurologic deficit.
Case report: The patient was an opium addict, forty
one years old male, to hospital admitted with gastrointestinal signs,
constipation, abdominal pain, severe weakness of upper and lower limbs without
any sensory impairment and with anemia, leukocytosis, and slightly increased
liver function tests. Serum level of lead was more than 200µg/dl.
After treatment with dimercaprol (BAL),
CaNa2EDTA
for two five days sessions that followed with oral succimer for three days,
signs and symptoms relieved, all laboratory tests became normal and blood level
of lead reduced but the patient was discharged with quadriplegia. There was no
fecal or urinary incontinence.
Conclusions: Because of irreversibility and severity of lead related neuronal injury,
we should suspect to lead poisoning in each patient with neuronal involvement
and concurrent GI and hematologic signs.
M Mohammadpour, M Jabbarvand Behrouz,
Volume 66, Issue 12 (5 2009)
Abstract
The response of living tissues to the surgical trauma is associated with varying degrees of tissue repair and involves two distinct processes including replacement and regeneration. Replacement results in scar tissue formation instead of restoration of the normal architecture. However, regeneration leads to restoration of the original architecture leaving no sign of injury. Anti-proliferative agents are used to inhibit tissue responses to surgical trauma. Among them mitomycin- C and 5- FU had gained increasing applications in ophthalmic surgeries, including filtering glaucoma surgeries, laser vision correction with excimer laser by ablative surface refractive surgery, reconstructive surgeries for ocular surface disorders and removal of neoplastic tissues and secondary operations on nasolacrimal ducts. In this review article, the various aspects of applications of these agents including their mechanism of action, function, mode of application and complications in different ophthalmology fields are discussed.
Nemati Sh, Zare Mehrjerdi N, Baharvand H,
Volume 67, Issue 8 (6 2009)
Abstract
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Background: Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs)
can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including
osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, but can also differentiate into
non-mesenchymal cells, such as neural cells, under appropriate experimental
conditions. Until now, many protocols for inducing neuro-differentiation in MSCs
in vitro have been reported. In this study, we induced differentiation into
neural phenotype in the hMSCs population by new
protocol. In this treatment, hMSCs could express
neural markers more than other reports, associating with remarkable
morphological modifications.
Methods: The Bone marrow specimens were aspirated from the iliac crest of normal men. hMSCs
were isolated and cultured in DMEM containing 15%
FBS. Between 4-8
passages conversion of hMSCs into
neurosphere-like structures and induction this cells to nerve precursors in the
low-attachment plastic bacterial dishes with bFGF,
EGF & RA
were initiated. After seven days terminal neural differentiation was initiated
by plating the cells on poly-L-ornithin and Laminin
coated dishes. Cells were
differentiated for 7-14 days. We used
flowcytometry and immunocytochemistry analysis for assessment of specific
neural stem cell markers in induced cells.
Results: Flowcytometery analysis showed that after induction, 90±2.52
percent of the cells will express neuronal marker Nestin and about 41±1
percent of the cells will express Tuj-1
and about 67±1.05 percent of the cells will
express GFAP. Immunocytochemistry
and morphologically modifications revealed the same results.
Conclusion: Results
showed that hMSCs treatment with bFGF, EGF
& RA the number of Tuj1
neurons. These data confirmed that hMSCs
can exhibit neuronal differentiation potential in vitro, depending on the
protocols of inducement.
Pourakbari B, Mamishi S, Pajand O, Nadji Sar, Mahjob F, Kochakzadeh L, Izadyar M, Parvaneh N, Saboni F,
Volume 67, Issue 11 (4 2010)
Abstract
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Background: Latent Epstein- Barr
virus (EBV) genomes are found in the malignant cells of
approximately one-third of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) cases. Detection of EBV viral DNA could potentially be used as a biomarker of disease activity. Our goal was
to compare of EBV DNA detection in samples obtained from lymphoma
patients versus controls.
Methods: One milliliter uncoagulated and 1ml coagulated blood sample for DNA extraction and serum analysis using ELISA for IgG anti EBNA-1 were obtained from 44 lymphoma patients and from 44 normal controls,
respectively. EBV genome, EBNA-2, was examined from DNA extracts of paraffin
embedded and blood samples using Nested PCR with type specific inner primers.
Results: Positive results for ELISA, Blood and biopsy PCR in study group were, 84.1%, 27.3% and 13.6%, respectively. However, these results in
control group were 47.7% and 16% for ELISA and Blood PCR assays, respectively. Positive results in ELISA, Blood PCR and Biopsy PCR in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin patients were found in 21(84%), 6(24%), 4(16%) and 16(84.2%), 6(31.6%), 2(10.5%) of specimens, respectively. No significant
differences in EBV detection were found between these two
patient groups (p values for ELISA, Blood PCR and Biopsy PCR were 0.26, 0.73 and 0.68, respectively).
Conclusion: Comparison of ELISA and Blood PCR results in children and adult
patients with the same age of controls have showed difference in ELISA results of children, only.
None of the test results have showed statistically significant difference
between Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin patients. However, the mean of ELISA results in Hodgkin patients
was higher as compared with controls. Blood PCR assay cannot be recommended as a biomarker of disease activity in EBV positive Hodgkin's lymphoma
patients.
Mohajer Mr, Karvandian K, Hussain Khan Z, Jafarzadeh A, Dabiran S,
Volume 69, Issue 7 (7 2011)
Abstract
Background: Patients who require surgery on the lower extremities are considered to be a high risk group from the point of anesthesia. This study was performed to compare sitting and lateral positions in spinal anesthesia method with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% for hemodynamic status and analgesic period in patients under vascular surgery of the lower limbs in Imam-Khomeini Hospital Complex affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2009.
Methods: In this study 40 patients were divided into two groups of 20 to undergo spinal anesthesia with 3 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% injected into the subarachnoid space in sitting or lateral positions. The anesthesia was performed at T10 level and the hemodynamic status and analgesic periods were compared in the two groups.
Results: The changes in mean arterial blood pressure and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were different between the two groups (P<0.05). Except in the first and thirtieth minutes, the changes in heart rate (HR) were significantly different throughout the study between the two groups (P<0.04) and they were higher in sitting position. The duration of analgesia was significantly longer in lateral position (P<0.04) and the use of fluid was significantly larger in the sitting group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, the changes in hemodynamic variables were significantly lower in the group in lateral versus sitting position in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine for vascular surgery of the lower limb.
Ganji Fatemeh, Abruon Saeid, Baharvand Hossein, Ebrahimi Marzieh, Aghdami Nasser,
Volume 70, Issue 3 (4 2012)
Abstract
Background: Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are capable of self-renewal and large-scale expansion. They also have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types including liver, cardiac and neuron cells. However, it is not yet clear whether hESCs can differentiate to hemangioblasts under in-vitro conditions. Hemangioblasts are bipotential progenitors that can generate hematopoietic lineages and endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to identify the potential of human Royan H5 embryonic stem cells in differentiating into hemangioblast cells.
Methods: HESCs were cultured at suspension system in DMEM/F12 supplemented with bFGF. 7-day old cells differentiated into blast cells under defined condition consisting of hematopoietic cytokines including BMP4, VEGF, etc. Blast cell markers kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), CD31, and CD34 were evaluated by flow cytometry and blast gene expressions (TAL-1, Runx-1 and CD34) were detected by qRT-PCR. Clonogenic assays were performed in semisolid medium by colony forming unit-assays.
Results: The hESCs (Royan H5) had the capacity of differentiating into hemangioblast cells. We could detect colonies that expressed 79%±12.5 KDR+, 5.6%±2.8 CD31+-CD34+ and 6%±2.12 KDR+-CD31+ on day 8 in the hESCs. Up-regulation of TAL-1, Runx-1 and CD34 occurred during hemangioblast commitment (P≤0.05 and P≤0.01, respectively). Moreover, hemangioblast cells generated mixed-type and endothelial-like colonies in semi-solid media.
Conclusion: Our results showed that hESCs (Royan H5) were able to differentiate into hemangioblasts under in-vitro conditions. The hemangioblasts had the potential to generate two non-adherent (Mixed-type) and adherent (endothelial-like) cell populations.
Marzieh Mehrafza, Azadeh Raoufi, Parvaneh Abdollahian, Zahra Nikpouri, Mehri Nasiri, Ahmad Hosseini,
Volume 71, Issue 8 (November 2013)
Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological disorders that affect approximately 5-7% of women in reproductive age. There is not any consensus about the efficient in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol for patients with PCOS. The aim of the present study was to compare the half and one-third dose depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist protocols versus the GnRH antagonist protocol in PCOS patients.
Methods: In the present study, we retrospectively evaluated 119 infertile women with PCOS. The patients entered in the study in accordance with Rotterdam criteria. According to GnRH analogue used for pituitary suppression, patients were divided into three groups: half and one-third dose depot GnRH agonist protocols and GnRH antagonist protocol. In GnRH agonist protocol, half or one-third dose depot Decapeptyl (1.875 mg, 1.25 mg) was injected on 21st day of previous cycle. In GnRH antagonist cycles, cetrotide 0.25 mg were administered daily when the leading follicles reached 14 mm. All basal and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) characteristics were analyzed.
Results: Basal characteristics including: age, FBS, prolactin, hirsutism, length of menstrual cycle were similar between 3 groups. Statically significant decreases in days of stimulation, number of gonadotrophin ampoules and metaphase II (MII) oocytes were found in GnRH antagonist protocol (P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.045), while the decrease in biochemical pregnancy (P=0.083) and live birth rate (P=0.169) wasn't significant. Number of embryos transferred were similar in the half and one-third dose depot GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist cycles (P=0.881). The incidence of OHSS weren't significantly different between 3 groups (5%, 4.9% and 12.8%, P=0.308).
Conclusion: Our study suggest that one-third dose depot GnRH agonist protocol could be a suitable choice for treatment of PCOS because of lower incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) as compared with half dose depot GnRH agonist and higher pregnancy rate as compared with GnRH antagonist.
Ahmad Joneidi Jafari , Ebrahim Sahebdel , Asghar Hajipour , Mihan Jafari Javid , Seyed Mohammad Mireskandari , Kasra Karvandian , Afshin Jafarzadeh , Shahram Samadi ,
Volume 71, Issue 11 (February 2014)
Abstract
Background: Surgeons and anesthesiologists working in orthopedic operating theatres are exposed to significant noise pollution due to the use of powered instruments. This may carry a risk of noise-induced hearing loss. The present study was designed to quantify the noise pollution experienced by anesthesiologists at Imam Khomeini Hospital which is one of the largest Iranian hospitals.
Methods: Prior to beginning of any operation a sound level meter was worn by the anesthesiologist at the level of chest pocket. Basal sound level was recorded. All changes in the sound level of 25 operation rooms and two related pass ways were recorded and the mean sound level along with maximum sound level were noted. These data were analyzed by SPSS version 17. For comparing the mean values, the One way ANOVA and Post-Hoc analysis was used. Noise exposures were compared with occupational health guidelines.
Results: Our comparative data showed that orthopedic operation room had the highest level of noise, indicating that orthopedic operation room is significantly suffered by the most types of noise with the P value of 0.002. This is contrast to the sound levels at the other operation rooms which were at same range and were not significantly different. Comparison of the maximum sound level between these 27 places showed that orthopedic and one of general surgery room had top two maximum sound levels.
Conclusion: Overall total noise dose during all types of surgeries was measured as twice of permitted dose and also orthopedic and general operation rooms experience brief periods of noise exposure in excess.
Marzieh Mehrafza , Azadeh Raoufi , Talieh Rahimian , Parvaneh Abdollahian , Zahra Nikpouri , Rahim Tavakkolnia , Abolfazl Golmohammadi , Ahmad Hosseini ,
Volume 72, Issue 4 (July 2014)
Abstract
Background: With introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular sperm extraction or precutaneouse epididymal sperm aspiration, effective treatment was provided for azoospermic men. The aim of present study was to compare clinical outcome following intracytoplasmic sperm injection using extracted testicular/epididymal sperm or ejaculated severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermic sperm.
Methods: After retrospective evaluation of more than four hundred medical records of patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection Mehr medical institute (between 2011-2012), 45 cycles with severe eligoasthenoteratozoospermia and 34 cycles with azoospermia were included. Patients were treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist. The clinical characteristics and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome such as the rate of fertilization, implantation and clinical pregnancy were compared between the two groups. Results were presented as mean±standard deviation and number (percent). Differences between variables were analyzed using student's t test and the chi-square test was used to examine differences between categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results: Mean of female age (29±4.9 vs. 30.2±5.8), body mass index (26.9±5.3 vs. 26.9±3.8), estradiol level on human chorionic gonadotropin administration day (1375.6±843.9 vs. 1181.8±673.1), total number of retrieved oocytes (9.7±5.3 vs. 9.2±5.9) and metaphase II oocytes (7.7±5.1 vs. 7.5±5.4) were similar between the two groups. Of 436 and 313 retrieved oocytes, respectively 232 and 163 oocytes were ferti-lized in oligoasthenoteratozoospermic and azoospermic groups (53.2% vs. 52.1%, P=0.214). There were not statistical differences between groups in number of trans-ferred top quality embryos (1.5±1.2 vs. 1±1.2, P=0.09), implantation rate (22.7% vs. 16.9%, P=0.238) and clinical pregnancy rate (21 (47.7%) vs. 11 (35.4%), P=0.199).
Conclusion: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with precutaneouse epididymal sperm aspiration and testicular sperm extraction are effective methods to treat azoospermic men and its clinical outcome were comparable to ejaculated sever oligoasthenoterato-zoospermic cycles. It can be concluded that the influence of sperm quality and origin on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome are the same.
Sharif Moradi , Hossein Baharvand ,
Volume 72, Issue 8 (November 2014)
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells which have the ability to indefinitely self-renew and differentiate into all differentiated cells of the body. Regarding their two main properties (unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation), these cells have various biomedical applications in basic research and cell based therapy. Because the transplantation of differentiated cells that are derived from embryonic stem cells is allogenic, they face the problem of immune rejection following the transplantation of embryonic stem cell-derived cells into patients. In 2006, researchers from Japan reported the derivation of a new type of pluripotent stem cells which could overcome the problem of immune rejection that is associated with the application of embryonic stem cells. They designated these cells as induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, because their production was ‘induced’ from differentiated somatic cells using a combination of four embryonic stem cell-associated transcription factors. Importantly, these pluripotent stem cells exhibit all the key features of embryonic stem cells including unlimited self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation potential, and can pass the most stringent test of pluripotency which is known as the tetraploid (4n) complementation. Hence, in addition to bypassing the problem of immune rejection, iPS cells have all of the potential applications of embryonic stem cells, including in developmental studies, toxicology research, drug discovery and disease modeling. Also, considering that they could be generated from patient’s own cells, iPS cells hold great promise in the future of patient-specific cell replacement therapies using pluripotent stem cells. In this review article, we will present a comprehensive review on the how and why of the generation of iPS cell from somatic cells of the body and discuss how they should be characterized in terms of morphologically, pluripotent stem cell behavior, and the molecular signature. In addition, their medical applications as well as some of the considerations and future challenges in their use will be discussed.
Ali Maleki , Mahnaz Ashjaearvan , Ashraf Karimi ,
Volume 73, Issue 1 (April 2015)
Abstract
Background: The effects of consumption of nutrients on coronary artery disease (CAD) are widely observed. The aim of this study is to assess the exclusive Iranian dietary pattern on coronary artery diseases (CAD) and its risk factors. Methods: In this description-cross sectional study, 801 inhabitants of Borujerd City were included by random stratification method and a questionnaire regarding micro- and macronutrients for subjects over 35 years old from March 2011 to February 2012 was filed out. Of all the subjects consent to participate were prepared by volunteers. The complete description and a standard questionnaire to record demographic and socioeconomic status of people were taken. The prevalence of coronary artery disease and its risk factors determined Based on rose questionnaire and Monica questionnaire respectively. Results: In this study mean age of the subjects were 54.8±1.2 years, 388 male and 413 female. There was no meaningful relation between red meat consumption and coronary artery disease (P= 0.117). Nut consumption was higher in patients with CAD (P= 0.028). Use of fresh and cooked vegetables, dried fruit, animal oils cakes, french fries and some dairies are correlated with CAD (P< 0.05). However, artificially flavored soda in contrast to ordinary soda was not associated with coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Although there are some differences between dietary pattern in patient with coronary artery disease, nutritional attitudes are not significantly different in normal and CAD patients. However, according to the importance of diet in CAD, balancing these attitudes should be on the educational system high priority.
Leila Pourali , Azadeh Khazaee , Sedigheh Ayati , Parvaneh Layegh , Salmeh Dadgar , Fatemeh Mirza Marjani , Ehsan Esmaeelpour ,
Volume 74, Issue 1 (April 2016)
Abstract
Background: Herpes encephalitis is the most common cause of fatal encephalitis in the world which often presents with sudden fever, headache, seizure, focal neurologic symptoms, and consciousness loss. The aim of this study was to report a case of maternal death caused by herpes encephalitis which appropriate antibiotic therapy delayed because of early diagnosis of eclampsia.
Case Presentation: A 16-year-old pregnant woman at 36th weeks of gestation was referred to gynecology emergency department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 2016. She was admitted due to 4 times of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg with diagnosis of eclampsia. Cesarean section was performed for fetal distress and eclampsia remote from delivery. 6 hours after cesarean section because of higher than 39 °C and reduction in consciousness status, she was transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). The first brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was normal. Lumbar puncture (LP) was performed and brain MRI was repeated that increased signal was observed in two sides of basal ganglia. Intravenous acyclovir was administered by possible diagnosis of viral meningoencephalitis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was positive in terms of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Unfortunately, the patient died 35 days after hospitalization by diagnosis of HSV-1 encephalitis and bilateral infarction with frequent seizures and clinical manifestation of septic shock refractory to treatment.
Conclusion: Although the first diagnosis for generalized convulsion during pregnancy is eclampsia, but in case of recurrent and specially atypical seizures and low consciousness level, other diagnosis like meningoencephalitis, brain lesions and cavernous sinus thrombosis (CVT) must be considered and ruled out.
Leila Pourali , Sedighe Ayati , Atieh Vatanchi , Parvaneh Layegh , Nasrin Pourmoghadam ,
Volume 74, Issue 3 (June 2016)
Abstract
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Background: ″Wernicke’s Korsakoff″ syndrome is the most important complication of severe thiamine deficiency. The term refers to two different syndromes, each representing a different stage of the disease. Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is an acute syndrome requiring emergent treatment to prevent death and neurologic morbidity. Korsakoff syndrome (KS) refers to a chronic neurologic condition that usually occurs as a consequence of WE. It is a rare complication of hyperemesis gravidarum that confusion, ocular signs, and gait ataxia are the most prevalent symptoms, respectively. Typical brain lesions of wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) are observed at autopsy in 0.4 to 2.8 percent of the general population in the western world and the majority of affected patients are alcoholic. The prevalence of wernicke’s encephalopathy lesions seen on autopsy was 12.5% of alcohol abusers in one report. Among those who with alcohol-related death, it has been reported to be even higher, 29 to 59%. The aim of this study was to report a case of wernicke’s encephalopathy following hyperemesis gravidarum.
Case Presentation: A 28-year-old-pregnant woman in 19th weeks of gestation referred to the hospital with hyperemesis, gait ataxia, and dysarthria before that she had hyperemesis gravidarum with weight loss and unresponsive to outpatient and inpatient medical therapy. MRI showed hyperdense lesion around thalamus which was characteristic of wernicke’s encephalopathy. Rapid improvement in patient’s condition occurred after high dose thiamine infusion.
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Conclusion: In hyperemesis gravidarum, presence of either symptoms of ocular or mental disorder or ataxia must be considered to rule out and appropriate treatment of Wernicke’s syndrome which can cause maternal and fetal death.
