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Showing 17 results for Aryan
Trial survey of alpha-interferon effect on 16 patients with chronic viral hepatitis
N Daryani , G Samar , A Yalda ,
Volume 53, Issue 1 (30 1995)
Abstract
Alpha-interferon therapy has been approved for treatment of chronic hepatitis C and B. Candidates for treatment are patients with well-compensated liver disease and histologic evidences of chronic hepatitis who have demonstrated abnormal aminotransferase levels for more than 6 months. From 30 patients with chronic hepatitis with diseases prolonged more than 6 months, we selected only 16 patients with necessary criteria for interferon therapy (10 patients with chronic HBV and with evidence of viral replication, and 6 patients with chronic HCV). Dose of interferon used for hepatitis B was 5mu TIW for 16 weeks and for hepatitis C was 3mu TIW for 24 weeks. At the end of treatment, HbeAg was eliminated from 3 patients. From 10 patients chosen, from none of them the HBsAg was not eliminated at the end of 4 months treatment. In comparison with 10% elimination of HBsAg in treated groups that have been reported in other countries, our results demonstrated that interferon therapy is less effective in Asian patients in comparison with western patients.
Comparison of ELISA and histopathologic and bacteriologic findings in diagnosis of helicobacter pylori in gastro-intestinal disorders
A Mirsalehian , N Ebrahimi Daryani , A Sarrafnejad , H Rastegarian ,
Volume 56, Issue 3 (1 1998)
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H.Pylori) is the most common human infection in the world. This agent has a strong role in pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer. Therefore introducing of simple and cost effective tests are important for diagnosis of H.Pylori infections. ELISA has been considered as an alternative test compare with biopsy, histological staining, culture and urease test in diagnosis of H.Pylori infection. In this investigation, 111 patients referred to GI endoscopy department of Imam Khomeini Hospitals for U.G.I problems which were evaluated for H.Pylori infection. Culture and histological staining (GIMSA and H & E) were used as a gold standard test compare with ELISA-IgG and urease test. Sensitivity and specificity for ELISA were 90%, 93% respectively. This report suggests that ELISA is a cost effect and valid test in diagnosis of H.Pylori infection
Relation of clostridium difficile toxin and acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis
V Mahmoody , F Siavashy , Gh Montazery , N Daryani , R Malekzadeh ,
Volume 56, Issue 6 (9 1998)
Abstract
Clostridium difficile toxin was checked in fecal extract of 62 ulcerative colitis patients and 62 normal controls, by Elisa and cell culture methods. Clostridium difficile toxin was found in 48.71 percent of ulcerative colitis patients in their acute exacerbations, and in 26.08 percent of cases in their remissions. This toxin was found in the fecal extract of only 3 percent of normal controls. Chi-2 analysis showed that the differences between normal individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis were significant (P<0.001), but these differences between two groups of ulcerative colitis patients either with exacerbations or in remission were not significant (P>0.05).
Sonographic changes of liver and gallbladder in acute viral hepatitis1
Ebrahimi Daryani N, Ghenaati M, Moosavi M,
Volume 58, Issue 2 (7 2000)
Abstract
Hepatomegaly, decrease in the liver paranchymal echo and increase in the gallbladder wall thickness has been shown in acute viral hepatitis. The present study was done to determine sonographic changes in acute viral hepatitis. We performed liver and bile ducts sonography and specific tests on 42 patients (mean age: 31.5 and 61% male) with acute viral hepatitis. Gallbladder wall thickness was seen in 45.2% and hepatomegaly in 33.3% of patients and liver paranchymal echo was decreased in 19.3%. Age, sex, type of hepatitis, cholecystitis like symptoms, aspartate aminotransfrase, alanine aminotransfrase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin did not significantly corralate with these changes. Only raised prothrombin time was strongly correlated to the thickening of the gallbladder and decrease in the liver paranchymal echo and cholesistic like symptoms we can postulate that thickening of the gallbladder and decrease in the liver paranchymal echo is not dependent on the severity and speed of the paranchymal necrosis (as considered with ALT and AST) but they depend on the liver function disturbance (as considered with PT) because the thickening of the gall bladder is present in 45% of the patients and 10% of the normal population have gallbladder stones, one should not perform the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, only on the basis of sonographic report without attention to the clinical and laboratory data.
Helicobacter Pylori Attachment To 7 Mamalian Cell Lines
N Rahimi-Fard, A Mirsalehian, P Maleknejad , N Ebrahimi-Daryani,
Volume 64, Issue 2 (30 2006)
Abstract

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori is the etiologic agent of chronic –active gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers in humans, and a co-factor in the occurrence of gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tumors, Adhesion of H.pylori to the gastric mucosa is a critical and also initial step in the pathogenesis of the disease. Bacterial adhesion inhibitory agents provide a novel pharmacologic approach to the management of infectious diseases.    

Materials and Methods: 22 H. pylori strains, isolated from the antral biopsies of 49 patients with dyspepsia, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer,…were assayed by ELISA (UPR)to investigate the diversity of attachment to 7 mamalian cell lines.

Results: The concentration of H.pylori and cell suspention ,the condition and temperature, can alter the attachment rate.Best bacterial concentration was equal to 1 Mc farland,and for cell suspension was 5*10 cells/ml.90 minutes in 37C incubation period result in maximum attachment. H.pylori can attach to all 7 cell lines, there are no significant differences between 22 H.pylori strains in attachment to cells. The attachment pattern of H.pylori to the cells showed significant reduction respectly from HepII, HeLa, SW742, AGS,HT29/219, HT29 to Caco-2.Maximum attachment were seen to HepII, HeLa and SW742 cells, and among these HepII was the best cells for this purpose.

Conclusion: Our studies suggest that Hep II, HeLa and SW742 cells could serve as a suitable in-vitro model for the study of H.pylori adhesions, attachment, inhibition of attachment and detachment assays and among these Hep II cell is prefer recommended.


Hepatobiliary dysfunction in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Daryani E.b.n , Jafari Sepehr A.h, Tajik Rostami M, Bashasti M,
Volume 64, Issue 7 (9 2006)
Abstract
A high percent of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) experience non intestinal symptoms. Many studies demonstrated that hepatobiliary disorders are the most common. Corresponding disorders consist of primary sclerosing cholangitis, non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), biliary stones, pericholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, liver amyloidosis, liver abscess, liver granuloma, hepatocellular carcinoma and primary biliary cirrhosis. However most studies concentrate on identifying primary sclerosing cholangitis, the most dreadful complication of IBD, other disorders like NASH and biliary stones are common and because of the similarity of symptoms to the primary disease may be ignored. In this article we review these disorders.
Hepatic vessel doppler indices: a study on non- Alcoholic liver disease
Mohammadinia Ar, Bakhtavar K, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Habibollahi P, Keramati Mr, Fereshtehnejad Sm,
Volume 67, Issue 2 (5 2009)
Abstract

Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE AR-SA MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 !mso]> ject classid="clsid:38481807-CA0E-42D2-BF39-B33AF135CC4D" id=ieooui> Background: Duplex Doppler ultrasonography (US) has newly suggested, being an important diagnostic technique in the non-invasive evaluation of hepatic vasculature and some hepatic parenchymal diseases. New findings suggest that diffuse fatty infiltration of liver can alter normal hepatic vein and artery doppler indices. The following study has been performed to evaluate the effect of fatty infiltration on hepatic artery resistance index and hepatic vein waveform patterns.
Methods: Sixty patients with various degrees of fatty infiltration on liver biopsy and twenty normal subjects without any sign of hepatic fat infiltration in ultrasonography examined using standard colour and spectral doppler sonography. The waveforms of Hepatic Vein were classified into three groups: regular triphasic waveform, biphasic waveform without a reverse flow, and monophasic or flat waveform. The hepatic artery resistance index was calculated as the mean of three different measurements.
Results: The mean BMI in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease group and normal subjects was 26.9(SD=3.3) and 22.4(SD=1.7) Kg/m2, respectively with a range of 22 up to 44 Kg/m2. Abnormal Hepatic Vein waveforms (biphasic and monophasic) were found more frequently in doppler sonography (p<0.001) in patients with Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (12 biphasic and 17 monophasic) compared to normal subjects. Hepatic artery resistance index was significantly lower in Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients [0.7(SD=0.1)] compared to normal ones [0.8(SD=0.0)] (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The incidence of abnormal hepatic vein waveforms is significantly higher in patients with fatty infiltration compared to those who had no abnormality in liver ultrasonography and these patients had a significant lower hepatic artery resistance index. supportFields]> ADDIN EN.CITE  ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA l> 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Treatment of labial adhesion with topical estrogen and correlation with serum estradiol level
B Safaian, S Shokri, S Mohamadian, F Cheraghali, L Joibari, S Aryan Nejad, T Ramim,
Volume 71, Issue 2 (5 2013)
Abstract

Background: Serum estradiol level is a controversial prognostic factor in the outcome of labial adhesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum estradiol levels and topical estrogen response in patients with labial adhesion.
Methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted among girls with labial adhesion that referred to Pediatrics clinic in Taleghani University Hospital, Gorgan city, Iran in 2011. One hundred patients entered the study. The diagnosis was conducted by clinical examination of vestibule area. Inclusion criteria were, three months to eight years old prepuberty girls, no ambiguous genitalia, lack of vulvovaginitis symptoms, labial adhesion more than twenty five percent, no history of previous topical estrogen treatment since two weeks ago and previous incomplete treatment. The patients who did not use proper amount and duration of drug and also with adverse drug reactions during treatment period were excluded from the study.
Results: The maximum frequency of labial adhesion was in the group of less than one year old. The minimum frequency of labial adhesion was in the 7-8 years old group. Eighty six patients had complete or partial remission. No evidence of an improvement was observed in fourteen children. Severity of adhesions did not worsen in our patients. Serum estradiol levels were lower in patients who had a positive response to treatment. There were significant differences in serum estradiol levels between full or relative improvement with no improvement groups (P=0.044).
Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that the labial adhesion patients with low serum estradiol level had better treatment response after using topical estrogen.


Effect of aerobic exercise on plasma vasoactive intestinal peptide, blood pressure and heart rate of elderly healthy persons and coronary artery patients
Maryam Amirazodi , Farhad Daryanoosh , Mohamad Ali Babaee Begi , Maryam Koshki Jahromi , Amin Mehrabi ,
Volume 71, Issue 3 (June 2013)
Abstract
Background: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) plays an important role in modulating coronary blood flow and heart rate. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of low intensity aerobic exercise on plasma levels of VIP hormone, blood pressure and heart rate in healthy elderly men and women, and patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: In this study, 15 healthy women and 15 healthy men and 15 female and 15 male with CAD disease were randomly chosen as the experimental and control groups. Subjects did aerobic exercises tree days/week, for eight weeks, with the heart rate of 10010 beats per minute. Blood samples were taken from each subject in three stages, (before, immediately after and 24 hours after the 8 weeks of exercising).
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference among plasma VIP levels in the four groups. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the systolic blood pressure in the four groups (P=0.01) and the systolic blood pressure in male patients and healthy women (P=0.03) while there was no meaningful difference the systolic blood pressure in the two other groups. There was also a significant difference in the heart rate of the three rounds of sampling in the three of groups (P=0.002) but no significant difference was observed in healthy men.
Conclusion: According to the above results, it seems that the duration and intensity of each workout should be considered to reach the VIP stimulation threshold. It may bring about considerable changes in VIP levels.

The effect of eight week interval acute training on plasma visfatin, TNF-α and IL-6 in rats: a brief report
Farhad Daryanoosh , Hossein Jafari , Eskandar Rahimi , Davood Mehrbani , Firouz Soltani ,
Volume 71, Issue 9 (December 2013)
Abstract
Background: Adipokines are peptides secreted by adipose tissue that affect whole-body energy metabolism. Exercise training exerts beneficial effects on adipose tissue. However, less is known regarding visfatin’s, IL-6 & TNF-α response to an interval acute training. Therefore, we investigated the effects of acute interval exercise on plasma visfatin, TNF-α and IL-6 levels, in healthy female rats. Furthermore, correlate between changes probably these factors were also assessed.
Methods: This study was conducted experimentally. Forty five female sprague dawley rat were randomly divided into three groups: pre test (n= 15), treadmill exercise (n= 15) and sedentary controls (n= 15). The acute alternative exercise consisted of treadmill running: 3 session/ week for 8 week. The changes of plasma IL-6, TNF-α and Visfatin levels were measured by ELISA analysis. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance with measures (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey test.
Results: Acute interval treadmill exercise led to significant decreases in visfatin (P= 0/036), IL-6 (P= 0/009) and TNF-α (P= 0/022) plasma levels between the groups. Also, this study no significant correlations between the changes in adipokines were observed.
Conclusion: Decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6 correlated with intensity and duration exercise. Furthermore, probably there were some factors except weight decreasing that affects on visfatin decrease. Therefore, the reduction of this factor may cause in preventing metabolic disease.

Microsatellite instability detection using BAT-25 and BAT-26 by Real Time PCR and HPLC in colorectal cancer
Marjan Rismanchi , Pooneh Mokarram , Mahvash Alizadeh Naeeni , Mahdi Paryan , Zohreh Honardar , Soudabeh Kavousipour , Abbas Alipour ,
Volume 71, Issue 12 (March 2014)
Abstract
Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the third common cancer in the world. One of the pathways in colorectal tumor genesis is Microsatellite Instability (MSI+). MSI is detected in about 15% of all colorectal cancers. Colorectal tumors with MSI have dis-tinctive features compared with Microsatellite Stable (MSS) tumors. Due to the high percentage of MSI+ in patients with CRC in Iran, screening of this type of CRC is im-perative. In current study, two markers (BAT-26 and BAT-25) were used to determine an appropriate screening technique with high sensitivity and specificity to diagnose MSI status in patients with CRC. Methods: Allelic variation in two markers (BAT-26 and BAT-25) was analyzed in tis-sues and sera of 44 normal volunteers and tumor and matched normal mucosal tissues as well as sera of 44 patients with sporadic colorectal cancer by Real Time PCR (Hy-bridization probe) and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of Real Time PCR and HPLC compared with sequencing as gold standard. The data were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and 2 or fisher exact test, where applicable with (P<0.05). Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of BAT-26 with Real Time PCR method (Hy-bridization probe) were 100% in comparison with gold standard method. Whereas the sensitivity and specificity of BAT-26 and BAT-25 with HPLC were 83%, 100% and 50%, 97%, respectively. Neither HPLC nor Real time PCR could detect circulating DNA with MSI property in sera. Conclusion: The sensitivity and specificity of real time PCR in MSI detection is the same as sequencing method and more than HPLC. BAT-26 marker is more sensitive than BAT-25 and MSI detection with Real time PCR could be considered as an accu-rate method to diagnose MSI in CRC tissues not sera.
Correlation of liver enzymes and sonographic findings with pulsatile index of middle cerebral and basilar arteries in nonalcoholic fatty liver
Gholamreza Rezamand , Mojdeh Ghabaee , Naser Ebrahimi Daryani , Hoda Ghadami ,
Volume 72, Issue 1 (April 2014)
Abstract
Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the most wide-spread human diseases that can impair liver function and sometimes progresses to cir-rhosis. Recently NAFLD has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardio-vascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of fatty liver disease and its sonographic severity on the resistance of the intracranial arteries. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study of 55 patients referred from Gastroen-trology clinic with diagnosis of NAFLD to Sonodoppler department of Iranian Center of Neurological Research. Pulsaltile index as a Hemodynamic parameter of Middle Cerebral (MCA) and basilar Arteries of NAFLD Patients was measured by Trans Cra-nial Doppler (TCD) sonography and the measurements were compared with normal values. Also the association of these indices with serum liver enzymes and sonographic grading of liver involvement was assessed. The analysis was done by SPSS 16. Fre-quency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in descriptive analysis and statistical test 2 to compare qualitative variables. Results: Pulsatile Index (PI) were normal (MCA, P= 0.166, Basilar, P= 0.053) and there was no significant difference with relation to severity of fatty liver based on so-nography findings (P= 0.789), but serum liver enzyme levels were inversely correlated with basilar artery PI (P= 0.014). Conclusion: Considering the increase of cerebral arteries PI in advanced liver disease, absence of increase in vascular PI of patients in the present study could be attributed to the short duration of disease from diagnosis to perform TCD, lack of advanced liver involvement (absence of liver dysfunction) and the response effect to treatment before the TCD. Therefore, to assess vascular changes over time, repeating the TCD with assess other parameters such as Fibroscan and K18 factor that has more compatibility of liver function, could help to understand the pathophysiology of liver diseases and its effect on vascular resistance.
Application of bacterial shuttle vectors in designing new vaccines against infectious diseases: brief report
Kobra Salimiyan Rizi , Ehsan Aryan , Hamed Gouklani , Zahra Meshkat ,
Volume 76, Issue 9 (December 2018)
Abstract
Background: Today, several vaccines have been developed to prevent infectious diseases. The older first-generation vaccines may have many problems. In this regard, genetic engineering plays an important role using tools such as shuttle vectors to develop recombinant DNA vaccines that usually include plasmid constructed so that can propagate in two different host species. The present study reviews a variety of shuttle vectors, their structures, productions, pathogenicity and more importantly their applications in the production of novel vaccines.
Methods: A systematic review was performed based on search in international databases with no time limit including Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. All databases were searched using the standard (English and Persian) keywords. Relevant articles from 1996 to 2018 were collected from search of international databases including Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed using keywords such as “shuttle vectors”, “recombinant plasmids” and “DNA vaccines”.
Results: In this study, a total of 31 full texts were used. A shuttle vector typically contains similar components to replication origins and promoters and can propagate in various hosts. Nowadays, they are used in designing and constructing of new vaccines against infectious diseases including tuberculosis and viral hepatitis. Also, Multi-epitope peptide DNA vaccines are effective against some viruses and they are potentially effective against some bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori.
Conclusion: Shuttle vectors as a powerful genetic engineering tool have a high ability to study the mechanisms of pathogenic microorganisms and make new vaccines such as DNA vaccines and multi-epitope vaccines. The hope is that such multi-epitope DNA vaccines might induce immunity against multiple antigenic targets, multiple strain variants, and/or even multiple pathogens. However, the ability of DNA vaccination to co-deliver a series of antibody and/or CD4 T cell epitopes remains largely unexplored.

Prenatal diagnostic tests of genetic disorders: review article
Zahra Aryan, Atekeh Bahadori , Dariush Farhud,
Volume 77, Issue 1 (April 2019)
Abstract
The purpose of prenatal diagnosis tests is insisting of diagnosis of neonatal disorders, preparing a range of informed choices and making couples at risk to be ready for having children with genetic disorders as well. The aim of this article is to investigate all of the tests in order to determine the best one which has the lowest risk and the highest sensitivity. Screening tests (maternal blood test and ultrasonography for first and second trimester) are testing patients without symptoms who are at low risk. These tests are carried out in the early stages of pregnancy, and the risk of genetic diseases would be estimated. They are safe and also might be helpful in determining whether invasive prenatal genetic tests including chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and percutaneous umbilical blood sampling are needed. Diagnostic test is insisting of invasive tests: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling (CVS), cordocentesis, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), which is a genetic test on cells removed from embryos to help select the best ones to avoid some of genetic diseases, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), QF-PCR, multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA), next generation sequencing (NGS), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and non-invasive tests: ultrasound, prenatal sonography, cell free fetal DNA, triple and quadruple screen: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), unconjugated estriol (uE3), inhibin-A). These tests are intended for patients who have apparent symptoms and the results of their early stages of pregnancy have been positive. Non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT), sometimes called noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), have features of both screening and diagnostic tests, but, now screening test is more considerable. Small fragments of DNA would be analyzed by this testing in which they are circulating in a pregnant woman’s blood. While most DNA is found inside a cell’s nucleus, these fragments are free-floating and not within cells, at this point, they are called cell-free DNA (cfDNA) which usually contain fewer than 200 DNA building blocks (base pairs). Non-invasive prenatal tests is more sensitive with the high degree of specify to determine trisomy 13, 18 and 21 in women who are at increased risk of having offspring with genetic disorders.

Evaluation of electrocardiogram changes in obese children and comparing it with normal weight children
Salma Aryanejad , Fatemeh Taheri Bojd , Atiye Riasi, Tayyebeh Chahkandi, Forod Salehi,
Volume 80, Issue 5 (August 2022)
Abstract
Background: Obesity and overweight are one of the components of metabolic syndrome and the cause of cardiovascular disease and sudden cardiac death. Obesity is associated with a wide range of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities.
Methods: This case-control study was performed on 50 children and adolescents aged 9 to 18 years in Birjand from May to October 2020. In the control group, 25 people with normal weight and in the case group, 25 people with obesity or overweight were included in the study. Individuals with a body mass index of 85-95 percent were defined as overweight, ones with a body mass index above the 95th percentile were defined as obese, and individuals with a body mass index below the 85th percentile were defined as normal. After clinical examination, height, weight and electrocardiogram indices were measured and compared by using statistical tests by SPSS (Version 19) software.
Results: There were 15 boys in the control group and 17 boys in the case group. The mean age of the control and case groups was 11.28±2.13 and 10.96±1.97 years, respectively. The mean distance between the peak to the end of the T wave in the case group was 323.72±120.15 and in the control group was 79.20±13.06. The mean difference between the shortest and longest distance of TP-e in case group was 48±23.04 and in control group was 18.44±5.58, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the two indices (P<0.001). But in other variables, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups.
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that obesity can have adverse effects on the ECG of children compared to normal-weight individuals. These changes are associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias. Given that these changes can be corrected with weight control, it is recommended to warn families and educate them to prevent and control overweight and obesity.

Lean individual’s non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review article
Naser Ebrahimi Daryani , Mohammad Reza Pashaei ,
Volume 80, Issue 6 (September 2022)
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by steatosis in more than 5% of liver cells, in the absence of a secondary cause such as drugs, alcohol, or other causes. The incidence of NAFLD is increasing every day; almost a quarter of the world's adult population is affected by this disease. The burden of NAFLD is affected by the epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and therefore, we do not expect the prevalence of this disease to decrease in the future. The world is now in the process of passing on health to non-chronic diseases, like NAFLD. The most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. About 25 percent of the world's population is affected by the disease, and it ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. 1 in 4 individuals with NAFLD is a person with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which is associated with complications and significant mortality and morbidity due to complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is closely related to metabolic syndrome, and it can be said that the liver is an integral part of obesity. Diagnostic methods for this disease include laboratory tests, imaging studies and liver biopsy. Although NAFLD is observed predominantly in obese persons or type 2 diabetes, an estimated 7% to 20% of people with NAFLD have lean body habitus. Recent studies have shown that fatty liver can occur in lean individuals, even without abdominal and visceral fat. Fatty liver in lean people (Lean NAFLD) is a relatively new concept that has attracted many people to find the differences between lean and obese people. The pathophysiological mechanisms of lean NAFLD are still poorly understood. Studies have shown that NAFLD without obesity is more closely related to factors such as environmental, genetic susceptibility, and epigenetic regulation. In addition to lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, diet and physical activity, only a few NAFLD-specific drug treatment options such as vitamin E and pioglitazone are considered. This article discusses the pathogenesis of fatty liver in lean individuals, its treatment, prognosis, and its relationship with metabolic syndrome.

Clinical and radiological evaluations in patients with chorea-acanthocytosis referreing to rasool-e-akram hospital
Mohammad Rohani, Seyed Amirhassan Habibi , Elahe Amini, Omid Aryani, Mahdi Dadfar, Hamzeh Zangeneh,
Volume 80, Issue 11 (February 2023)
Abstract
Background: chorea-acanthocytosis is a form of the autosomal recessive disease. The onset of disease symptoms usually starts from the third decade of life and presents with chorea, other abnormal movements such as eating dystonia, tongue and lip biting, vocal and motor tics, seizure, and behavioral impairment. In this study, the clinical presentations and brain imaging of these patients were reported.
Methods: In this descriptive study, information about patients with a specific movement disorder who were referred to a tertiary center in the Rasool Akram hospital (Tehran) from March 2018 to February 2019 were recorded. The inclusion criteria were the presence of chorea (a form of abnormal movement) and the presents of acanthocyte cells higher than 10% in a peripheral blood smear. The exclusion criteria were the evidence of secondary causes of the chorea or endocrine disorders. The clinical symptoms and brain imaging findings were evaluated by two expert neurologists and recorded in the patient's electronic files.
Results: Twenty-seven eligible patients were included. 18 patients were male and 9 were female. Sixteen patients had seizures and 90% of them were categorized as generalized tonic-clonic seizures. 21 patients had eating dystonia (71 percent were male and 29 percent were female) and 18 patients had complex motor and vocal tics, 11 patients presented extra ocular movement disorders, and 11 patients had evidence of tongue and lip biting. The absence of the deep tendon reflex was detected in 23 patients. Considering all the patients' movement disorders, the prevalence of eating dystonia was significantly higher in men than in women. (P=0.049). Other abnormal movements were not different between men and female. All patients had caudate atrophy and increased signal intensity in T2/Flair sequences in caudate nuclei and putamen in the brain imaging.
Conclusion: The most common abnormal movement after chorea was eating dystonia. The male gender was more susceptible to present eating dystonia than the female. However, this superiority was not seen in other movement disorders.

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