Showing 87 results for Azad
T Mokhtari Azad , M Naghavi , , Rakhshandeh ,
Volume 52, Issue 3 (30 1994)
Abstract
201 blood samples were collected by cluster sampling from 7-11 years old children and measles antibody titer was measured by hemagglutination inhibition test. Despite testing all the sera, the results were analysed on the 139 samples that had documented vaccination records and no history of measles. Among 139 children 44 had received 2 doses of vaccine one dose before 12 and one after 15 months, 64 had one dose after 15 months, 29 had only one dose before 12 months and 2 had not received vaccine. The antibody titer of the first two groups had no significant difference with those that had received one vaccine dose, before the age 12 months (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in the titer of antibodies with time elapse in none of the vaccination histories. This may be due to efficacy of vaccine and also circulation of wild virus in the community. Regardless of the history of vaccination, 95.5% of children had immunity to measles (titer?3). Considering the results if the current strategy of vaccination implemented completely, the status of immunity would be satisfactory.
H Eftekhar , A Batebi , F Azadegan , F Alianfini , N Sarhaddi ,
Volume 55, Issue 6 (1 1997)
Abstract
The growth and developmental status of 252 children with low birth weight (<2500 gr) born from 1988 to 1989 as cases were compared with 312 children with normal birth weight (>2500 gr) at the fifth birthday. The results of comparing these two groups of children show that: 1) In relation to weight for age of survivors, with increasing of age, weight gaining is higher in the control group in comparison with the case group (P=0.00). 2) In relation to height for age the study revealed, that this indicator differs in two groups but the difference is not significant. 3) In regard to Gomez classification: The percentages of all grades of malnutrition (mild, moderate, severe) is grater in the case group than controls. 4) By considering the developmental criteria (skipping, drawing triangle from copy, naming 5 colors, repeating sentences of 10 syllables, counting of 10 coins correctly and respectively): The study showed that developmental indicator of the case group differs from controls. The test statistic "t" showed, there is a significant difference between two variables (P=0.005). 5) By using the Riven test for evaluation of IQ, our findings characterized that, the IQ mean of the LBW and NBW are not truely different.
Sh Niroomanesh , F Movahed , E Shakibazadeh ,
Volume 56, Issue 3 (1 1998)
Abstract
In a period of 5 years (1371-1375), 87 cases of septic abortion were analyzed in Mirza Koochak-Khan Hospital. Most cases were in 21-25 years old group (28.7%) and most of them were in 5 or more gravidity group (48.2%). Fever was the most important symptom in these patients (80.4%). In this 5 years, period patients have paid 45900000 RLS for septic abortion. Treatment for most patients was antimicrobial treatment and curettage
T Mokhtari Azad , H Mohammadi , M Mahmoodi , Z Saadatmand , A Moosavi , R Hamkar , R Nategh ,
Volume 57, Issue 2 (8 1999)
Abstract
This is a report of the first serological survey of influenza C virus in Iran, performed during a one year period (March 1997-May 1998). This study was accomplished in the National Influenza Center-Division of Virology in Tehran University of Medical Scinces. 1080 samples of serum (689 samples from Tehran and 391 samples from other provinces) were assayed for the presence of antibodies against influenza C virus (C/Paris/1/67) by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. 43.7% of people tested in Tehran and 40.7% of people tested from other provinces had protective antibodies against influenza C virus. Distribution of seropositives in various age groups had a somewhat similar pattern as what has been reported from other countries. The results of this study indicates that the lowest level of protective antibody titer is found at childhood and the level increases with age. The protective antibody titer level off for 20-30 years old age group and decreases in older age groups. These results indicates a primary contact in childhood, reinfection in adulthood. The influenza C virus is simultaneously circulating in Iran with other types of influenza viruses (types A and B).
S Azadeh , Mj Nazemi , Sh Shams ,
Volume 57, Issue 4 (9 1999)
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory scaling disorder of the skin. Different patterns of psoriasis exist including plaque type, erythrodemic, pustular, palmoplantar and guttate. The most commonly involved sites are the elbows, knees, lumbosacral area and scalp. PUVA (Psoriasis Plus UVA) therapy [administration of oral psoralen followed by exposure to UVA (320 to 440 nm)] is widely used to treat severe psoriasis. Oral PUVA produces some adverse effects that may limit its applicability in a number of patients. The carcinogenic potential limits its use in patients with psoriasis who probably receive other carcinogenic treatments. Oral PUVA may induce complications such as nausea, vomiting and headache. In light of these problems Bath PUVA therapy is an important alternative to oral PUVA therapy. Bath PUVA is a kind of photochemotherapy in which UVA radiation after administration of topical psoralen in a warm water bath is used. We treated 30 patients with generalized plaque type psoriasis with 8-Mop Bath PUVA in Razi hospital. Bath PUVA cleared psoriasis more rapidly than oral PUVA and required fewer treatments (mean number of sessions: (17.6±2.1) and lower cumulative UVA dose. (49.2±15.4 J/cm²). 83.3 percent of our patients showed complete response to treatment and 13.4 percent showed good response.
Moghaddami Tabrizi N, Eazadi Mood N, Tahmasbi M,
Volume 59, Issue 4 (9 2001)
Abstract
The pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is one of the commonest conditions peculiar to pregnancy, to describe the occurrence of hypertension, proteinuria and edema in pregnancy. It is about seven times more frequent in first gestation and uncommon before 20 week's gestation. Serum BhCG levels were prospectively determined in 260 midtrimester singleton pregnancies where admitted from October 1999 until September 2000 at Mirza Kouchak Khan hospital, prenatal clinic. Obstetric chart review was undertaken after delivery to identify cases in which pre eclampsia developed. The median maternal age was 26.0 years, and the median gestational age at the time of blood collection was 19.0 weeks. Of these, 17 cases (6.5 percent) had pre eclampsia. The median level of the BhCG was 35060.5 mlu/ml in those with pre eclampsia, whereas that in those without pre eclampsia was 33755.1 mlu/ml. The difference was not significant (P=0.28). Although elevated midtrimester serum BhCG levels in clinically normal patients was reported in severaly pre eclampsia women, this is not a good test for early detection of mild pre eclampsia.
Iarandi F, Eftekhar Z, Eazadi N, Beik M,
Volume 59, Issue 4 (9 2001)
Abstract
The use of Frozen-section during surgical procedures, gives the surgeon valuable information and guides him to perform the appropriate surgical procedure. In order to determine the accuracy of Frozen-section in gynecologic surgery, we compared the results of 172 gynecologic Frozen-section diagnosis with their final diagnosis in Mirza Kockak Khan Hospital, from 1378 to 1379. A total of 106 ovarian, 43 uterine, 10 lymph node and 13 other tissue samples were obtained. The Frozen-section diagnosis was compatible with the final diagnosis in 93.6 percent of cases. The sensitivity for non benign lesions was 82.5 percent and the specificity was 96.8 percent. The positive and negative predictive values were 84 percents and 98 percent respectively. 2.3 percent of cases were falsely positive, 1.7 percent falsely negative and 1.2 percent over estimated the degree of malignancy. There was no underestimation and 1.2 percent were uncertain. Frozen-section was found to identify correctly 8 of 8 metastatic ovarian tumors and 1 of 2 germ cell tumors. The accuracy of Frozen-section was 25 percent in ovarian borderline tumors, 60 percent in ovarian mucinous and 80 percent in serous tumors. With the exception of borderline and mucinous ovarian tumors, Frozen-section diagnosis is sufficiently accurate for clinical use. Performing multiple sections is recommended in the Frozen-section diagnosis of mucinous ovarian tumors.
Tahmasby Mt, Moghtader Azadi Gh,
Volume 61, Issue 2 (14 2003)
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis continue to be a difficult complication of operative procedures of trauma about the knee. We present our experience in 8 cases of arthroscopic Arthrolysis between 1997 and 2001. in 3 Cases the etiology was prior Knee ligament surgery and 5 cases had sustained fractures about the knee. Technique begins with the liberation of the adhesions of suprapatellar Pouch, continues down both gutters , and ends with a cleaning of the notch where necessary. The result obtained are very satisfactory, with an average increase in the arc of mobility of 61 degrees.
Samini M, Dehpour Ar , Babazadeh Khamneh E,
Volume 61, Issue 3 (14 2003)
Abstract
One of the useful function of melatonin is its protective effect against endogenous oxidants. The object of this investigation was to study the protective effect of melatonin on stress-induced gastric lesions.
Results: Our results show that pretreatment of animals with melatonin decrease the stress-induced gastric lesions dose dependently.
L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor, potentiat the stress-induce gastric lesions and melatonin produced gastro-protective effect against concurrent stress and L-NAME-induced gastric lesions.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that melatonin may produce its gastro-protective effect Via increasing level of nitric oxide.
Noorizadeh M, Hajati J, Hoseinali Eazad M, Moosavi Shabestari T,
Volume 62, Issue 2 (12 2004)
Abstract
Background: Role of cytokines in regulation of immune system has been the subject of studies and clinical investigations. One of these cytokines, IL-2 has been well initially introduced as T cell Growth factor (TCGF), but subsequently it appeared that IL-2 is one of the important mediators affecting growth, development and activity of T, B, NK and LAK cells. Nowadays this cytokines has extensive use in clinical and research fields of immunotherapy of cancer and infectious disease.
Materials and Methods: In this study, we used Jurcat cell line for production and partial purification of IL-2 106 cell/ml were stimulated by PHA (1 µg/ml) and PMA (10 µg/ml) at the third day of the culture and then supernatant were collected after 22 hrs.
Results & Conclusion: In order to obtain sufficient amount of IL-2 and eliminate interfacing materials, supernatants were concentrated using Amicon 10 and 30 PM filters. After concentrating, bioassay and Elisa were performed to detect the biological activity and amount of produced IL-2.
Reversed phase-HPLC was used to confirm the IL-2 identity and purification.
Davoodabadi A, Banazadeh M, Razi E,
Volume 62, Issue 3 (11 2004)
Abstract
Background: Infants and children present with a wide range of congenital chest wall deformities which have both physiologic psychologic consequences and are often associated with other abnormalities. Surgical intervention offers excellent cosmetic results with minimal morbidity and mortality. In order to investigation of chest wall deformities, and surgical results, this study was performed.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive study on existing data on 60 consecutive patients with chest wall deformity during 10 years carried out. Patient's characteristics such as age, gender, signs and symptoms type of operation, associated disorder, syndrome, and surgical complications were considered.
Results: Pectus excavatum 60% and pectus carinatum 30% Poland syn 6.7% 9 sternal cleft 3.2. Inpectus, M/F: Was 3/1 and others were 1:1. Age of admission 4 to 27 years 13.4±6.82) and association syndromes were, turner, Morgue and marfan, most patients were operated in delayed time (75) and hence, scoliosis was common than others.
Conclusion: Pectus excavatum was the most common deformity and if scoliosis was prominent and most operation was done in old age but surgical result was excellent no anyone expired and complication was a little. So we recommended that all of the chest deformities must be operated in anytime.
Moghaddamy Tabrizi N, Mirzaei M, Eazadi Mood N,
Volume 63, Issue 4 (13 2005)
Abstract
Background: In 2-4% of couples in fertile ages, recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) occurs which consisted one out of 300 pregnancies. The aim of this study was to comparison insulin resistance (IR) in patients with RPL to normal individuals.
Materials and Methods: In a case-controlled, prospective study, 49 non-pregnant, non-diabetic women with early RPL as the case group and 49 non-pregnant, non-diabetic women without RPL who had at least one live infant as the control group, and were matched by age, weight, and height, were enrolled. In both groups fasting insulin and glucose levels were measured and insulin resistance, which was defined as a fasting insulin (FI) level ≥20 microU/mL or a fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGI ratio) of <4.5, was calculated.
Results: The RPL and control groups were similar with respect to age, BMI, fasting glucose levels and glucose to insulin ratios. FI was significantly higher in RPL group than control group (15.20±5.82 vs. 12.23±5.64 microU/mL). Also the frequency of patients with high FI (FI≥20µU/ml) in RPL group was significantly higher than in control group (22.45% vs. 6.12%, Odds Ratio=4.44, Confidence Interval 95%=1.15-17.07). Among the RPL group, 24.49% demonstrated insulin resistance, whereas only 8.16% of the matched controls were insulin resistant (Odds Ratio=3.65, Confidence Interval 95%=1.08-12.26). The RPL and control groups had similar in frequency of low FGI ratio. Also there was no significant difference between mean of FGI ratio in patients with fewer than 12 weeks miscarriage compared to over 12 weeks in RPL group.
Conclusion: Women with RPL have a significantly increased prevalence of insulin resistance when compared with matched fertile controls. It's recommended that in all women with RPL the glucose and insulin measurement should be carried.
Esmaillzadeh A, Mirmiran P, Azadbakht L, Azizi F,
Volume 63, Issue 4 (13 2005)
Abstract
Background: No evidence exists regarding the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in adolescents. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of this phenotype in a representative sample of Tehranian adolescents.
Materials and Methods: Anthropometry and biochemical measurement were assessed in a population-based cross-sectional study of 3036 Tehranian adolescents (1413 male and 1623 female) aged 10-19 years. Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined as concurrently having serum triglyceride concentration ≥110 mg/dl and waist circumference ≥90th percentile for age and sex. Overweight (≥95th percentile) and at risk for overweight (≥85th-<95th percentile) was defined based on the standardized percentile curves of body mass index suggested for Iranian adolescents.
Results: The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 6.4% (95%CI: 5.5-7.2) among Tehranian adolescents (males: 7.3%, 5.9-8.7 and females: 5.6%, 4.4-6.7). Overweight subjects had the highest proportion of hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype than those at risk for overweight and those with normal-weight (male: 42.9 vs 2.9 and 0.0%, respectively, P<0.01 female: 32.5 vs 11.3 and 1.3%, respectively, P<0.01).
Conclusion: This study provides evidence showing high prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in Tehranian adolescents, particularly among overweight adolescents. This finding highlights the need for effective preventive and therapeutic strategies relying on diet, physical activity and lifestyle modification.
V Shariat, M Asadi, M Norouzian, M Pakravan-Nejad, O Yahyazadeh, Sh Aghayan,
Volume 64, Issue 3 (1 2006)
Abstract
Background: Mental health of prisoners, as a high risk group, is of considerable importance. Unfortunately limited data is currently available about psychiatric morbidity of this group in Iran. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of axis I disorders in prisoners and their correlation with the type of offense.
Methods: Using stratified random sampling 351 prisoners from five offense categories (54 from financial, 71 from violent, 74 from nonviolent, 72 from drug related and 80 from immoral acts subgroup) were recruited into the study, and examined by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.
Results: Eighty- eight percent of the prisoners had experienced at least one axis I disorder throughout their lives, and 46.9% met the criteria for current disorders. Substance related (78%) and mood disorders (48.7%) were the most prevalent of lifetime disorders. However, mood (30.7%) and adjustment (12.6%) disorders had the highest amounts in current diagnoses. The total number of disorders was lowest in the financial subgroup. The drug related subgroup had lower rate of anxiety and higher rate of substance related disorders.
Conclusion: Compared to western studies, the prevalence of axis I disorders in this study is among the highest. The fact that about half of all prisoners at the time of study suffered from at least one axis I disorder shows the emergent need of this group for more mental health care and services.
Alizadeh R, Ziaee V, Movafegh A, Yunesian M, Azadi Mr, Mehraein A,
Volume 64, Issue 10 (2 2006)
Abstract
Background: Both hypoxia and hypocapnia can cause broncho-constriction in humans, and this could have a bearing on performance at high altitude. The objective of this study was to examine how pulmonary ventilatory function during high-altitude trekking.
Methods: This study was a before and after study on spirometric parameters at Base line (1150 m above sea level), and after ascending at 4150 m above sea level. This study was performed in summer 2004 at Cialan Mountain in Iran. Fifty six healthy male University student volunteers were enrolled in the study. Respiratory function was assessed in participants before ascending at baseline (1150 meter) and after ascending at 4150 meter in Cialan Mount with a Spirolab II. Spirometric parameters changes were compared using paired t-test statistical analysis computations were performed by spss 11.5 and p≤0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The mean age and body mass lindex of our subjects were 22.9±5.3 years and 21.5±2.5, respectively. Forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly decreased with increasing altitude from baseline level (P<0.01). Forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) and maximal midexpiratory flow rate (FEF 25-75%) were significantly increased with increasing altitude (P=0.001). There was no significant change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak flow (P>0.05). FVC fell by the average of 7.1% at 4150m (2.4% per 1000m increased altitude) in comparison to 1150m.
Conclusion: The changes in some pulmonary ventilatory parameters were proportional to the magnitude of change in altitude during a high-altitude trek.
Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Hedayati M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shiva N, Azizi F,
Volume 64, Issue 10 (2 2006)
Abstract
Background: The NCEP step II diet produced a desirable lipoprotein response in hypercholesterolemia. A relation between plasma concentrations of small dense LDL and cardiovascular risk factors has also been mentioned in children. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) step 2 diets on the low density and high density lipoprotein particle size in dyslipidemic adolescents.
Methods: Forty- four dyslipidemic adolescents, aged 10-18 years, participated in this case-control study. The control group was not given a diet prescription and was simply instructed to “eat as usual”. Their eating patterns reflected the consumption of macronutrients, fruit, vegetables and dairy products, typical of what many Tehranian eat. NCEP step 2 diets was a diet with 30% of calories as total fat, less than 7% saturated fat, less than 200 mg cholesterol, less than 15% of calories as monounsaturated fat and less than 10% as polyunsaturated fat per day. Lipoprotein particle size was the major outcome variables, which was measured after 3 months of intervention. Lipoprotein particle size was estimated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis using Krauss and Burke methodtion.
Results: The mean body mass index was 26.3±4.2 kg/m2. Baseline characteristics of these adolescents did not differ significantly across the NCEP step 2 and control diet groups. The NCEP diet resulted in higher reduction in total cholesterol (-13±4 vs –2±0.3 mg/dl, p<0.001), LDL (-9±2 vs 3±0.6 mg/dl, p<0.01) and higher increase in size of the LDL (1.7±0.4 vs 0.1±0.4 mg/dl, p<0.001). HDL particle size did not change significantly. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia decreased significantly (p<0.05) in NCEP step 2 group (68% in NCEP step 2 vs 100% in the control group) after 3 months.
Conclusion: NCEP step 2 diet not only reduces the serum LDL concentration of hypercholesterolemic adolescents but also has a favorable effect on the LDL particle size distribution. The related mechanism needs to be studied in future experimental designs.
Fazeli Mr, Abbaspour M, Ghahremani Mh, Alimian M, Ilka H, Jamalifar H, Azadi S, Azizi E,
Volume 64, Issue 12 (6 2006)
Abstract
Background: Aluminum salts are common adjuvants in human and animal vaccine preparations. The two adjuvants aluminum phosphate and aluminum hydroxide show acceptable immunoadjuvant properties with many antigens. These two salts have different physicochemical characteristics that make each one suitable for certain antigens. The surface antigen of Hepatitis B (HBsAg) has several antigenic epitopes that bind to aluminum adjuvants by a ligand exchange mechanism. Although HBV vaccines using an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant are available, higher antigenicity is needed for the subgroup of people who do not respond sufficiently to the currently available vaccines.
Methods: A solution of recombinant HBsAg for making different formulations of vaccines with aluminum phosphate (Adju-Phos®) and aluminum hydroxide (Alhydrogel®) adjuvants was obtained from Darupakhsh Pharmaceutical Company. The total protein content, antigenicity, and purity of HBsAg solution were determined using BCA, ELISA, and SDS-PAGE methods, respectively. The different formulations were prepared in the lab and administered i.p. to two test groups of Balb/C mice and a third test group received the Engerix vaccine, which is currently available on the market and uses an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. The control group of animals received the solution without antigen. After 28 days, heart blood samples were collected and serum was separated to determine the antibody titer against HBsAg using an ELISA kit.
Results: This study shows that the vaccine formulated with aluminum phosphate exerted more immunogenicity than both the aluminum hydroxide laboratory formulation and the Engerix vaccines.
Conclusion: Although the results of our study indicate higher immunogenic properties of the vaccine formulated with the aluminum phosphate adjuvant, complementary experiments are needed to further evaluate the biological properties with respect to effectiveness, adverse effects, product stability and finally possibility for manufacturing and distribution of this new formulation as a Hepatitis B vaccine.
Mehraein A, Azad M A, Sadeghi M,
Volume 65, Issue 4 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Magnesium Sulfate (MgSO4) has been used as a pharmacologic agent in different situations for many years in the treatment of tachyarrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, preeclampsia, and tocolysis among others. The analgesic effect of MgSO4 for postoperative pain has been used since the 1990s. Postoperative pain is one of the most common complications in the perioperative period and can result in serious consequences in different organs if left untreated. Inguinal herniorrhaphy is among the most common surgeries and is almost always accompanied by severe pain. The object of this study is to determine the effect of a pre-induction infusion of MgSO4 on the reduction of postsurgical pain after herniorrhaphy.
Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 105 ASA class I and class II herniorrhaphy patients at Shariati Hospital in years 2004 and 2005. For statistical analysis, the 2 and T tests were used. The patients were divided into three groups based on block randomization. Patients in the following groups received: Group A, 200 ml of normal saline infusion (placebo) Group B, 25 mg/kg MgSO4 in 200 ml of normal saline Group C, 50 mg/kg MgSO4 in 200 ml of normal saline. All groups were infused twenty minutes before induction of anesthesia using identical methods and dosage in all three groups. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at pre- and postintubation and so at skin incision time were charted. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, nausea, vomiting and the amount of morphine used before recovery room discharge and in six, twelve and twenty-four hours after recovery discharge was recorded.
Results: The average age for the different groups was as follows: Group A: 33.6, Group B: 37.37, Group C: 32.74. Nausea and vomiting between the case and control groups were not statistically different (60% vs. 71.4%, p=0.0499), nor was the amount of Morphine used. On recovery room discharge, the VAS scores were 8.1, 7.2, and 5.5 for the first, second and third groups, respectively (P<0.001). However, no statistical significance was found for the VAS scores six hours after recovery room discharge.
Conclusion: The results in this study show that pre-induction with MgSO4 has no remarkable effect on decreasing postoperative pain or morphine use for inguinal herniorrhaphy.
Khorsandi M T, Mohammadi M, Motasaddi Zarandy M, Mandegar M H, Yoosefnia M A, Sabetazad B,
Volume 65, Issue 7 (4 2007)
Abstract
Background: Hearing is one of the most significant senses There fore, any defect can be frightening. The incidence of sever hearing loss following coronary artery bypass surgery has been estimated as one per thousand. This Prospective study carried out to determine hearing effects of coronary artery bypass surgery.
Methods: age, audiometric changes before and after surgery (hearing levels at multiple frequencies, speech reception threshold and speech discrimination score), minimum blood pressure during the operation, and the time on bypass, measured on One hundred consecutive patients who candidate for coronary artery bypass surgery and the results analysed.
Results: One hundred patients completed the tests. Based on hearing changes found on pre- and post-operative tests, the patients were divided into 3 groups: Those with no change (47 patients) according to their audiometric results those with slight changes ≤10 db (43 patients) and those having average deficits of more than 10 db (10 patients). All the patients were male. None of the patients had complete or severe sensorineural hearing loss. The third group had more prolonged pumping duration when compared with the others groups (p=0.002). Furthermore, 90 percent of patients with a sensorineural hearing loss more than 10 db had diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia as risk factors.
Conclusion: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a sequela in patients who undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery however, it was usually mild and asymptomatic. Pumping time during the operation is a significant factor in occurring of this complication. With proper treatment of underlying diseases and eliminating the risk factors with improvement of our cardiopulmonary pumps we probably can get better hearing results.
Azadibakhsh N, Shaker Hosseini R, Atabak Sh, Nateghiyan N, Golestan B, Houshiar Rad A,
Volume 65, Issue 8 (3 2007)
Abstract
Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The frequency of hyperhomocysteinemia is higher in hemodialysis (HD) patients than the general population. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of high-dose folic acid supplementation with and without vitamin B12 on lowering plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in HD patients.
Methods: Thirty-six HD patients at Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran, who had been given folic acid supplements (5 mg/d) for at least 3 months before, were enrolled in this clinical trial. Subjects were also checked for other inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided randomly into four groups and underwent two months of supplementation as follows: 5 mg/d oral folic acid + placebo in group one, 5 mg/d oral folic acid + vitamin B12 (1 mg/d orally) in group two, 15 mg/d oral folic acid + placebo in group three and 15 mg/d oral folic acid + vitamin B12 (1 mg/d orally) in group four. Concentrations of plasma tHcy and serum folic acid and vitamin B12 were measured at baseline and after the supplementation period. Dietary intake of patients was also determined during the supplementation period.
Results: Of the folic acid supplemented patients, 27.8% had normal levels of tHcy at baseline and 72.2% had hyperhomocysteinemia. After the supplementation period, plasma tHcy increased by 1.35% in group one and decreased by 6.99%, 14.54% and 30.09% in groups two, three and four respectively. Changes in plasma tHcy and serum vitamin B12 were only significant in group four however, no significant changes were seen for serum folic acid. The percentage of subjects reaching normal levels of plasma tHcy was 5.6 fold higher in group four than in the reference group.
Conclusions: Supplementation with 15 mg/d folic acid together with 1 mg/d oral vitamin B12 is more effective in reducing tHcy levels in HD patients.
